Thermoplastic composite solid propellant and preparation method therefor

Abstract

Disclosed in the present invention is a thermoplastic composite solid propellant, which comprises, by mass: 5-16% of a thermoplastic elastomer having a bonding function; 5-25% of a plasticizer; 5-18% of a metal fuel; 50-70% of an oxidizing agent; and 0.4-5% of a functional auxiliary agent. In the thermoplastic composite solid propellant, a thermoplastic elastomer grafted or copolymerized with a bonding functional group is used as an adhesive, and an adhesive matrix and a solid filler have relatively strong interaction, such that an interfacial effect is enhanced, and the phenomenon of “dehumidification” in the tensile failure process can be slowed down. Further disclosed is a method for preparing the thermoplastic composite solid propellant. The method overcomes defects in the prior art, safely and efficiently prepares the thermoplastic composite solid propellant in an acoustic resonance mixing manner, and meets the requirements of a solid engine for rapid charging.

1 . A thermoplastic composite solid propellant, characterized by comprising, in percentages by mass: 5% to 16% of a thermoplastic elastomer with bonding function; 5% to 25% of a plasticizer; 5% to 18% of a metal fuel; 50% to 70% of an oxidizing agent; and 0.4% to 5% of a functional auxiliary agent. 
     
     
         2 . The thermoplastic composite solid propellant according to  claim 1 , characterized by that a bonding functional group or block in the bonding functional thermoplastic elastomer comprises one or more of maleic anhydride, styrene, glycidyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, acrylic acid and methacrylic acid. 
     
     
         3 . The thermoplastic composite solid propellant according to  claim 2 , characterized by that the bonding functional group or block in the bonding functional thermoplastic elastomer has a mass percentage of 0.1 wt % to 5 wt %. 
     
     
         4 . The thermoplastic composite solid propellant according to  claim 1 , characterized by that the plasticizer comprises one or more of naphthenic oil, dioctyl sebacate, liquid paraffin and dioctyl phthalate. 
     
     
         5 . The thermoplastic composite solid propellant according to  claim 1 , characterized by that the oxidizing agent comprises one or more of ammonium perchlorate, ammonium nitrate, phase-stable ammonium nitrate, hexogen, octogen and 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-dioxodihydroxylammonium salt. 
     
     
         6 . The thermoplastic composite solid propellant according to  claim 1 , characterized by that the functional auxiliary agent comprises a stabilizing agent and a combustion catalyst, wherein the stabilizing agent comprises one or more of N,N-dimethylaniline, N-methylaniline and diphenylamine; and the combustion catalyst comprises one or more of n-octylferrocene, ferric oxide and copper chromite. 
     
     
         7 . A method for preparing a thermoplastic composite solid propellant, characterized by comprising the steps of: S1: heating and melting a bonding functional thermoplastic elastomer and a plasticizer, adding a functional auxiliary agent, and mixing them uniformly; S2: adding a metal fuel and mixing them uniformly by means of acoustic resonance; and S3: add an oxidizing agent in batches and mixing them uniformly by means of acoustic resonance, to give the thermoplastic composite solid propellant. 
     
     
         8 . The method for preparing the thermoplastic composite solid propellant according to  claim 7 , characterized by further comprising: pouring the prepared thermoplastic composite solid propellant into a mold, which is naturally cooled and cured for shaping. 
     
     
         9 . The method for preparing the thermoplastic composite solid propellant according to  claim 7 , characterized by that the step S1 has a melting temperature of 85° C. to 95° C. 
     
     
         10 . The method for preparing the thermoplastic composite solid propellant according to  claim 7 , characterized by that the step S2 has a mixing temperature of 85° C. to 95° C., an acoustic resonance strength of 30 g to 70 g, and a resonance time of 5 min to 10 min.