Cone loading, weighing, filling, and twisting apparatus and method for mass production of smokable cannabis or hemp products

Abstract

An apparatus for mass producing smokable products filled with cannabis, hemp, and/or other smokable materials includes a cone loading station that separates individual paper cones from stacks of cones, a cone weighing and filling station for dispensing precisely weighed amounts of powdered biomass into the cones, and a cone twisting station for twisting ends of the cones to complete the smokable products. A transport mechanism is provided to transfer the cones between stations and hold the cones during filling and twisting. The invention also provides a method of manufacturing smokable products that enables production steps to be performed simultaneously while also providing for capacity expansion within a limited production facility footprint.

I claim: 
     
         1 . Apparatus for mass production of a smokable product, comprising:
 at least one holder device for holding and transporting a receptacle made of combustible material;   a first station at which an empty receptacle is filled with predetermined amounts of powdered biomass while being held in the at least one holder device; and   a second station for finishing the smokable product by twisting an end of a filled receptacle while being held by the at least one holder device after the filled receptacle has been transported from the first station to the second station, wherein:   the receptacle is configured to be filled with powdered biomass through an open end,   the first station includes a storage hopper for storing a quantity of powdered biomass, a first transfer mechanism for transferring powdered biomass from the storage hopper to a weighing structure, and a second transfer mechanism for transferring powdered biomass from the weighing structure to fill the empty receptacle, and   the second station includes a twisting mechanism for closing the open end of the receptacle to retain the powdered biomass and complete the smokable product while the receptacle is held by the at least one holder device at the second station,   wherein the receptacle is a paper cone, and   wherein the twisting mechanism includes:
 a plurality of jaws configured to grip an open end of a cone extending from the at least one holder device following movement of the at least one holder device to the second station, 
 a linkage mechanism coupled to the plurality of jaws for causing the plurality of jaws to open and close, and 
 three independently-controllable actuating devices, including:
 a first actuating device including a twisting mechanism stepper motor for causing rotation of the plurality of jaws of the twisting mechanism about a vertical axis to twist the open end of the cone as it is held by the plurality of jaws, 
 a second actuating device including a linkage mechanism actuator for causing the linkage mechanism to open and close the plurality of jaws independently of said rotation of the plurality of jaws, and 
 a third actuating device for moving the twisting mechanism, including the twisting mechanism motor, the linkage mechanism, the linkage mechanism actuator, and the plurality of jaws, in a vertical direction towards and away from the cone while the cone is held by the at least one holder device at the second station, 
 
   wherein a twisting force applied by the twisting mechanism to the open end of the paper cone, to prevent tearing of the paper cone is limited by controlling the stepper motor of by a magnetic slip clutch included in a drive train of the twisting mechanism between the twisting mechanism motor and the plurality of jaws;
 wherein the twisting mechanism operates as follows: 
 (i) the twisting mechanism is moved vertically downward to a position adjacent the open end of the paper cone while the plurality of jaws are open; 
 (ii) the plurality of jaws are closed at the same time to grip the open end of the paper cone; 
 (iii) the plurality of jaws are rotated around a vertical axis to twist the open end of the cone; 
 (iv) a twisting force of the twisting mechanism is limited by controlling the stepper motor of by the magnetic slip clutch; and 
 (v) the plurality of jaws are opened and the twisting mechanism is moved vertically upward to enable another paper cone to be moved by the at least one holder device into a position for twisting. 
   
     
     
         2 . The apparatus as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the powdered biomass is a powdered material containing cannabis, hemp, or a material derived therefrom. 
     
     
         3 . The apparatus as claimed in  claim 1 , further comprising a third station including a loading mechanism for placing empty cones into the at least one holder device. 
     
     
         4 . The apparatus as claimed in  claim 3 , wherein the loading mechanism includes a plurality of tubes for receiving stacks of said empty cones, a transport mechanism for moving the tubes to a loading position, and a gripper at the loading position for removing individual cones from a respective tube positioned at the third station to the at least one holder device, wherein each tube of the plurality of tubes includes an opening at a bottom of the tube, a diameter of the opening being selected to ensure removal from the tube of one cone at a time. 
     
     
         5 . The apparatus as claimed in  claim 4 , wherein the gripper includes a pair of jaws and a first linear actuator for causing the pair of jaws to close and grip an end of the individual cone extending from a respective one of the plurality of tubes, and a second linear actuator for moving the first linear actuator and the gripper from a top position adjacent the plurality of tubes to a bottom position adjacent the at least one holder device, wherein the pair of jaws are opened by the first linear actuator in the bottom position to release the cone to drop into a cone receiving opening in the at least one holder device. 
     
     
         6 . The apparatus as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein a number of the plurality of jaws is three and the plurality of jaws are separated by 120 degree angles around a circumference of the cone. 
     
     
         7 . The apparatus as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the twisting mechanism comprises:
 a first base plate connected to a hollow rotation shaft for rotation by the twisting mechanism motor; and   a second base plate that is linearly movable relative to the first base plate in response to linear movement of a linear actuator shaft that extends through the hollow rotation shaft and the first base plate,   wherein the linkage mechanism is connected to the first base plate and the second base plate and configured to convert relative vertical linear movement between the first and second base plates into radial opening and closing movement of the plurality of jaws.   
     
     
         8 . The apparatus as claimed in  claim 7 , wherein the linkage mechanism comprises connecting rods and crank arms, wherein the plurality of jaws extend from or are fixed to the connecting rods and the connecting rods are pivotally attached to the first base plate, and wherein the crank arms are pivotally connected at opposite ends between the second base plate and respective connecting rods to cause the respective connecting rods to pivot and thereby open and close the plurality of jaws in response to the linear movement of the second base plate relative to the first base plate. 
     
     
         9 . The apparatus as claimed in  claim 8 , further comprising a pin fixed to the first base plate and extending through a bearing in the second base plate to cause the second base plate to rotate with the first base plate while enabling the linear movement of the second base plate relative to the first base plate. 
     
     
         10 . The apparatus as claimed in  claim 8 , wherein the jaws include friction pads attached to the connecting rods. 
     
     
         11 . The apparatus as claimed in  claim 7 , wherein the linear actuator shaft is coupled to second actuating device that controls opening and closing of the plurality of jaws. 
     
     
         12 . The apparatus as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the twisting mechanism comprises:
 a base plate connected to a hollow rotation shaft for rotation by the twisting mechanism motor; and   a hub that is linearly movable relative to the base plate in response to linear movement of a linear actuator shaft that extends through the hollow rotation shaft and the base plate,   wherein the linkage mechanism is connected to the base plate and the hub and configured to convert relative vertical linear movement between the base plate and the hub into radial opening and closing movement of the plurality of jaws, and   wherein the plurality of jaws extend from a plurality of connecting rods pivotally connected to the base plate, and   wherein the linkage mechanism comprises a plurality of cam slots in the hub and a plurality of cam followers fixed to the connecting rods and extending into the plurality of cam slots to cause the respective connecting rods to pivot and thereby open and close the plurality of jaws in response to the linear movement of the hub relative to the base plate.   
     
     
         13 . The apparatus as claimed in  claim 12 , wherein the linear actuator shaft is a rotating screw shaft that extends from the second actuating device to a screw follower in the hub to cause said relative linear movement of the hub relative to the base plate in response to rotation of the screw shaft by the second actuating device. 
     
     
         14 . The apparatus as claimed in  claim 13 , further comprising at least one pin extending from the base plate and at least one bearing wheel rotatably mounted on the at least one pin to engage the hub and cause the hub to rotate with the base plate while permitting relative movement between the base plate and the hub to open and close the plurality of jaws. 
     
     
         15 . The apparatus as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the second station further includes a pinch pin arranged to extend through an opening in the at least one holder device when the at least one holder device is at the second station to prevent rotation of the cone during twisting. 
     
     
         16 . The apparatus as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the at least one holder device is a split clamshell holder that includes a first jaw fixed to an arm extending from a turntable, and a second jaw that is slidable relative to the first jaw, wherein the second jaw is biased toward the first jaw by at least one spring, the first and second jaws each including a groove that together form an opening for receiving the receptacle. 
     
     
         17 . The apparatus as claimed in  claim 16 , wherein the at least one holder device further includes a slidable block coupled to the second jaw by a shaft extending through the first jaw, wherein:
 a compression coil spring surrounds the shaft and extends between the slidable block and the second jaw to bias the second jaw towards the first jaw, and   a cam bearing is mounted on the slidable block to cause the second jaw to move away from the first jaw and release a filled and twisted cone held between the frst and second jaws, the release being caused by engagement between the cam bearing and a fixed cam block as the at least one holder device is moved by the turntable into a releasing position following completion of twisting and transport from the second station.   
     
     
         18 . The apparatus as claimed in  claim 16 , further comprising a pin having a pin ball at one end and that extends through the slidable block and the first jaw such that a second end of the pin enters the opening in the at least one holder device when the pin ball encounters the fixed cam block to assist in release of the filled and twisted cone from the holder device. 
     
     
         19 . The apparatus as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the holder device includes a main body and a pair of pivoting jaws that close to capture the cone in an opening formed between the pair of pivoting jaws and the main body. 
     
     
         20 . The apparatus as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the at least one holder device is fixed directly to a turntable for transporting the at least one holder device between stations.