System consisting of modular elements for making raised and/or aerated ribbed floors

Abstract

A system of modular elements for making reinforced concrete floors includes a plurality of base elements to be laid at pre-established distances on a surface to be floored, a plurality of upper elements, and a plurality of column-shaped elements to be positioned vertically on the base elements. Each column-shaped element is configured to support an upper element, and ae closing element or surface is positioned to close the column and prevent the introduction of concrete inside the column-shaped element.

1 . A system of modular elements for making reinforced concrete floors, comprising:
 a plurality of base elements ( 100 ) intended to be laid at modular and pre-established distances on a surface to be floored;   a plurality of upper elements ( 300 ) intended to be positioned side by side to form a surface on which concrete can be cast; and   a plurality of column shaped elements ( 200 ) configured to be positioned vertically on said plurality of base elements ( 100 ), each column-shaped element ( 200 ) being configured to support at least one of said upper elements ( 300 ),   wherein, at or adjacently to a top end of said column-shaped element ( 200 ), there is at least one closing surface or element ( 330 ) that prevents an introduction of the concrete inside the column-shaped element ( 200 ).   
     
     
         2 . The system according to  claim 1 , wherein at least one of said upper elements ( 300 ) comprises:
 a planar or curved upper surface ( 310 ) defining a formwork bottom surface of a slab to be cast;   lowered side edges ( 320 ) shaped to be joined to corresponding side edges of other adjacent upper elements;   angular portions ( 330 ) positioned at each corner of said at least one of said upper elements ( 300 ) and configured to be rested on the top end of one of said column-shaped elements ( 200 ), and   wherein at least one of said angular portions ( 330 ) is configured to form, together with other identical angular portions ( 330 ) of a same number of upper elements ( 300 ) resting on the same column-shaped element ( 200 ), a closed surface which completely closes said top end of said column-shaped element ( 200 ).   
     
     
         3 . The system according to  claim 2 , wherein said angular portion ( 330 ) comprises a part shaped as a straight angle. 
     
     
         4 . The system according to  claim 2 , wherein said angular portion ( 330 ) comprises means for removable connection with the angular portions ( 330 ) of other upper elements ( 300 ) resting on the same column shaped element ( 200 ). 
     
     
         5 . The system according to  claim 1 , further comprising one or more auxiliary upper elements ( 400 ), each having a planar surface ( 420 ) provided with at least one hole ( 410 ) configured to be directly or indirectly connected to a one of the column-shaped elements that is tubular. 
     
     
         6 . The system according to  claim 5  wherein said one or more auxiliary upper elements ( 400 ) comprises a plurality of seats ( 411 ) distributed on one or more circumference ( 412 ,  413 ) which is concentric with said at least one hole ( 410 ), said plurality of seats ( 411 ) being configured to receive an edge of the top end of a tubular column-shaped element. 
     
     
         7 . The system according to  claim 6 , wherein said plurality of seats ( 411 ) are distributed on at least two of said circumferences ( 412 ,  413 ) which are concentric with said at least one hole ( 410 ) and have different diameters. 
     
     
         8 . The system according to  claim 5 , wherein a diameter of said column-shaped element connected to said at least one hole ( 410 ) of said one or more auxiliary upper elements ( 400 ) is larger than diameter of the other column-shaped elements ( 200 ). 
     
     
         9 . The system according to  claim 1 ,
 wherein said base element ( 100 ) comprises:   a planar lower surface ( 101 ) configured to be rested on a surface on which a floor will be laid;   two or more projections ( 110 ) extending upwards from said planar lower surface ( 101 ), each of said projections ( 110 ) comprising at least one step ( 120 ) facing towards a center of the base element ( 100 ), said at least one step ( 120 ) being configured to support a part of a bottom end ( 201 ) of one of the column-shaped elements ( 200 ),   wherein said two or more projections ( 110 ) and said at least one ( 120 ) are configured to jointly define an ideal circumference (X) on which said bottom end ( 201 ) of the one of the column-shaped elements ( 200 ) can be rested, and   wherein said ideal circumference (X) lies on an ideal plane which is parallel to said planar lower surface ( 101 ).   
     
     
         10 . The system according to  claim 9 , wherein said two or more projections ( 110 ) are connected to said planar lower surface ( 101 ) with flexible arms ( 140 ). 
     
     
         11 . The system according to  claim 9 , wherein each one of said two or more projections ( 110 ) comprises a body, with at least one wall ( 111 ) facing towards a center of the base element ( 100 ) and said at least one step ( 120 ), on which a part of the bottom end ( 201 ) of a column-shaped element ( 200 ) can be rested, and wherein said two or more projections ( 110 ) and said at least one ( 120 ) define a seat ( 130 ) configured to house said bottom end ( 201 ) of one of the column-shaped elements ( 200 ), said bottom end ( 201 ) being held laterally by walls ( 111 ) of said two or more projections ( 110 ) and at a bottom by said at least one step ( 120 ). 
     
     
         12 . The system according to  claim 9 , wherein each of said base elements ( 100 ) comprises openings ( 160 ) configured to allow an insertion from below of the two or more projections ( 110 ) of an underlying identical base element ( 100 ). 
     
     
         13 . The system according to  claim 12 , wherein between each pair of projections ( 110 ) there is at least one of said openings ( 160 ), so that two identical base elements ( 100 ) can be placed on top of each other and staggered with respect to each other, and wherein the two or more projections ( 110 ) of the underlying identical base element are inserted in said openings ( 160 ) of the base element ( 100 ) lying thereon. 
     
     
         14 . The system according to  claim 9 , wherein said two or more projections ( 110 ) are hollow and stackable, with an opening ( 113 ) in a lower base ( 112 ) thereof so as to allow an insertion from below of projections ( 110 ) of identical base elements ( 100 ). 
     
     
         15 . The system according to  claim 1 , wherein each of said base elements ( 100 ) comprises elements ( 170 ) for a removable, direct or indirect, connection with adjacent base elements ( 100 ), on which column-shaped elements that can rest.