Tunnel excavation apparatus and method for tbm excavation and expanded blasting

Abstract

The prevent invention provides a tunnel excavation apparatus including: an excavation part configured to excavate a tunnel; a path part installed on a bottom of an excavation surface of the tunnel; an expanded blasting part configured to expand the tunnel; a protective shield part installed to protect the inside of the tunnel between the excavation part and the expanded blasting part; and an expansion part installed on the protective shield part to block a gap between the tunnel and the protective shield part and including an expansion tube provided as a plurality of layers, and the expansion part installed in the protective shield part may be improved in durability to stably block a gap between the tunnel and the protective shield part.

1 . A tunnel excavation apparatus comprising:
 an excavation part configured to excavate a tunnel;   a path part installed on a bottom of an excavation surface of the tunnel;   an expanded blasting part configured to expand the tunnel;   a protective shield part installed to protect the inside of the tunnel between the excavation part and the expanded blasting part; and   an expansion part installed on the protective shield part to block a gap between the tunnel and the protective shield part and comprising an expansion tube provided as a plurality of layers.   
     
     
         2 . The tunnel excavation apparatus of  claim 1 , wherein the expansion part comprises:
 a first expansion tube disposed along a circumference of the protective shield part;   a second expansion tube disposed to be expandable inside the first expansion tube; and   an injector configured to inject a fluid into the second expansion tube.   
     
     
         3 . The tunnel excavation apparatus of  claim 2 , wherein the injector comprises a plurality of injection member connected to different portions of the second expansion tube to supply the fluid to a plurality of regions of the second expansion tube. 
     
     
         4 . The tunnel excavation apparatus of  claim 2 , wherein the first expansion tube has a thickness greater than that of the second expansion tube. 
     
     
         5 . The tunnel excavation apparatus of  claim 2 , wherein one expansion part is provided to surround an outer circumferential surface of the protective shield part at a preset position, or a plurality of expansion parts are provided to surround an outer circumferential surface of the protective shield part at different positions. 
     
     
         6 . The tunnel excavation apparatus of  claim 1 , further comprising a protective panel part installed between the expanded blasting part and the expansion part to protect the expansion part. 
     
     
         7 . The tunnel excavation apparatus of  claim 6 , wherein the protective panel part comprises:
 a panel member;   a hinge member configured to rotatably connect the panel member to the protective shield part; and   a driving member installed to provide rotating driving force to the panel member.   
     
     
         8 . The tunnel excavation apparatus of  claim 1 , further comprising a shield carrier part movably disposed along the path part and connected to the protective shield part to allow the protective shield part to move. 
     
     
         9 . The tunnel excavation apparatus of  claim 8 , wherein the shield carrier part comprises:
 a moving cart; and   a fixing member configured to selectively fix the moving cart.   
     
     
         10 . The tunnel excavation apparatus of  claim 9 , wherein the protective shield part comprises:
 an upper shield configured to cover a space above the moving cart;   a lower shield connected to a lower portion of the upper shield to cover a space below the moving cart; and   a connection member having one side connected to the connection part between the upper shield and the lower shield and the other side connected to a side surface of the moving cart, wherein the connection member is separable from at least one of the upper shield or the lower shield.   
     
     
         11 . The tunnel excavation apparatus of  claim 10 , wherein the protective shield part further comprises a pad installed below the lower shield to absorb an impact. 
     
     
         12 . The tunnel excavation apparatus of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 a protective cover part installed to cover the path part; and   a cover carrier part movably disposed along the path part to support the protective cover part, thereby allowing the protective cover part to move.   
     
     
         13 . The tunnel excavation apparatus of  claim 12 , wherein the cover carrier part comprises:
 a moving cart; and   a support member installed on a lower portion of the moving cart to separably support the protective cover part.   
     
     
         14 . The tunnel excavation apparatus of  claim 13 , wherein the protective cover part comprises a plurality of cover members, and
 the support member is provided in plurality, which are disposed in a longitudinal direction and respectively support the cover members.   
     
     
         15 . The tunnel excavation apparatus of  claim 14 , wherein the cover member has a length greater than that of the moving cart in a width direction crossing the longitudinal direction. 
     
     
         16 . A tunnel excavation method comprising:
 a pilot tunnel forming process of excavating a pilot tunnel having a cross-sectional area less than that of a widened tunnel;   a blasting protective part installation process of installing a blasting protective part comprising a protective shield part behind the pilot tunnel; and   an expanded blasting part blasting process of blasting a predetermined position behind the installed blasting protective part to form the widened tunnel.   
     
     
         17 . The tunnel excavation method of  claim 16 , wherein the blasting protective part installation process comprises:
 a protective shield part installation process of allowing the protective shield part to move in front of the expanded blasting part so as to install the protective shield part; and   an expansion part expansion process of expanding the expansion part to seal a space between an inner wall of the pilot tunnel and the protective shield part.   
     
     
         18 . The tunnel excavation method of  claim 16 , further comprising, before the expanded blasting part blasting process, a protective cover part installation part of allowing a protective cover part for protecting a path part formed in the tunnel to move according to a position of the expanded blasting part to install the protective cover part on the path part.