Spiro-ometad comprising compositions, devices comprising the same and methods of making the same

Abstract

The present disclosure provides for a composition comprising a compound configured to form internal π bonds, and an inorganic material, wherein the composition is defined by a first surface opposing a second surface and a first thickness measured from the first surface to the second surface of the composition, and a method of making thereof. Further provided herein is a device comprising at least one of the compositions disclosed herein. Also disclosed herein is a photovoltaic device.

1 . A composition comprising a compound configured to form internal π bonds, and an inorganic material, wherein the composition is defined by a first surface opposing a second surface and a first thickness measured from the first surface to the second surface of the composition. 
     
     
         2 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the internal π bonds comprise π-π stacking. 
     
     
         3 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the compound is a charge transport material. 
     
     
         4 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the compound comprises an organic triphenylamine-based molecule. 
     
     
         5 . The composition of  claim 4 , wherein the organic triphenylamine-based molecule comprises Spiro-OMeTAD. 
     
     
         6 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the inorganic material is at least partially insulating. 
     
     
         7 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the inorganic material comprises a metal oxide, a metalloid oxide, a metal hydroxide, a metal oxyhydroxide, a ceramic material, or any combination thereof. 
     
     
         8 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein a first portion of the inorganic material is dispersed within the first surface and within at least a portion of the first thickness of the composition. 
     
     
         9 . The composition of  claim 8 , wherein the first portion of the inorganic material is disposed within a second thickness measured from the first surface, wherein the second thickness is smaller than the first thickness. 
     
     
         10 . The composition of  claim 9 , wherein the second thickness is from about 20 nm to about 60 nm. 
     
     
         11 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein a second portion of the inorganic material is disposed on the first surface. 
     
     
         12 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the inorganic material is present as one or more clusters. 
     
     
         13 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the inorganic material comprises one or more of Al y O x , SiO x , HfO x , ZrO x , Ta y O x , Y y O x , Ir y O x , RuO x , WO x , Ni y O x , TiO x , InO x , NiO x , ZnO x , CuO x , V y O z , Al y O x H z , SiO x H z , HfO x H z , ZrO x H z , Ta y O x H z , Y y O x H z , Ir y O x H z , RuO x H z , WO x H z , Ni y O x H z , TiO x H z , InO x H z , NiO x H z , ZnO x H z , CuO x H z , V y O z H z , or a combination thereof. 
     
     
         14 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the composition is substantially stable and does not degrade at a temperature from room temperature to 85° C. 
     
     
         15 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the composition is substantially free of crystalline phase at a temperature of 60° C. to 85° C. 
     
     
         16 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the inorganic material is a nanosheet, a nanoparticle, a nanowire, or any combination thereof. 
     
     
         17 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the compound comprises Spiro-OMeTAD and the inorganic material comprises TiO 2 . 
     
     
         18 . The composition of  claim 2 , wherein at least a portion of the π-π stacking is disrupted. 
     
     
         19 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the composition is formed by a vapor phase infiltration (VPI). 
     
     
         20 . A device comprising at least one composition of  claim 1 . 
     
     
         21 . The device of  claim 20 , wherein the device is a photovoltaic cell. 
     
     
         22 . A photovoltaic device comprising:
 a perovskite material layer; and   a layer comprising a composition comprising a compound and an inorganic material, wherein the layer is defined by a first surface opposing a second surface and a first thickness measured from the first surface to the second surface; wherein the second surface overlays the perovskite material layer,   wherein the compound comprises a Spiro-OMeTAD.   
     
     
         23 . A method of making the composition of  claim 1 , the method comprises:
 exposing a layer of the compound to a vapor phase comprising a first precursor for a first predetermined time, thereby at least partially adsorbing at least a portion of the first precursor on a surface of the layer and/or at least partially infiltrating the layer of the compound with at least a portion of the first precursor to form a modified compound; and   exposing the modified compound to a second precursor for a second predetermined time, thereby reacting the first precursor with the second precursor to form the inorganic material, thereby forming the composition comprising a first portion of the inorganic material dispersed within the layer of the compound and a second portion of the inorganic material at least partially disposed on the surface of the layer.   
     
     
         24 . The method of  claim 23 , wherein the first precursor comprises a metal salt, metal-organic, organometallic, or any combination thereof. 
     
     
         25 . The method of  claim 23 , wherein the second precursor is a water vapor, oxygen gas, ozone, hydrogen peroxide, or any combination thereof. 
     
     
         26 . (canceled)