System and method using multilayer optical lattice qubit arrays for quantum computing

Abstract

A quantum computing (QC) system includes a first plurality of logical qubits in a first substantially planar region and a second plurality of logical qubits in a second substantially planar region that is substantially parallel to the first substantially planar region. At least some of the first plurality of logical qubits are configured to interact with one another, and at least some of the second plurality of logical qubits are configured to interact with one another and to interact with the at least some of the first plurality of logical qubits. The QC system can include additional pluralities of logical qubits in additional substantially planar regions that are substantially parallel to the first and second substantially planar regions and at least some of the second plurality of logical qubits can be configured to interact with one or more of the additional pluralities of logical qubits.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A quantum computing (QC) system comprising:
 a first plurality of logical qubits in a first substantially planar region, at least some of the first plurality of logical qubits configured to interact with one another; and   a second plurality of logical qubits in a second substantially planar region that is substantially parallel to the first substantially planar region, at least some of the second plurality of logical qubits configured to interact with one another and to interact with the at least some of the first plurality of logical qubits.   
     
     
         2 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the at least some of the first plurality of logical qubits and the at least some of the second plurality of logical qubits are configured to interact directly with one another to form at least one three-dimensional (3-D) gate cell array configured to undergo multiple-qubit gate operations in which more than two logical qubits participate simultaneously. 
     
     
         3 . The system of  claim 1 , further comprising a third plurality of logical qubits in a third substantially planar region substantially parallel to the second substantially planar region, at least some of the third plurality of logical qubits configured to interact with one another and to interact with the at least some of the second plurality of logical qubits. 
     
     
         4 . The system of  claim 3 , wherein the logical qubits of the first, second, and third pluralities of logical qubits are individually addressable. 
     
     
         5 . The system of  claim 3 , further comprising at least one additional plurality of logical qubits in at least one additional substantially planar region substantially parallel to the third substantially planar region, the at least one additional plurality of logical qubits configured to interact with one another and/or to interact with at least some of the third plurality of logical qubits, wherein the at least one additional plurality of logical qubits are individually addressable. 
     
     
         6 . The system of  claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of optical beams defining a plurality of confinement regions comprising first confinement regions arranged in a substantially planar first optical lattice and second confinement regions arranged in a substantially planar second optical lattice substantially parallel to the first optical lattice, wherein the first plurality of logical qubits are in the first optical lattice and the second plurality of logical qubits are in the second optical lattice. 
     
     
         7 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the plurality of confinement regions further comprises third confinement regions arranged in a substantially planar third optical lattice substantially parallel to the second optical lattice, wherein the third plurality of logical qubits are in the third optical lattice. 
     
     
         8 . The system of  claim 7 , wherein the plurality of confinement regions further comprises at least one additional confinement region arranged in at least one additional optical lattice substantially parallel to the third optical lattice, the at least one additional optical lattice comprising at least one additional plurality of logical qubits. 
     
     
         9 . The system of  claim 7 , wherein the logical qubits of the first, second, and third pluralities of logical qubits are configured as a plurality of multiple-qubit 3-D gate cells, wherein each logical qubit of a multiple-qubit 3-D gate cell of the plurality of multiple-qubit 3-D gate cells is configured to be quantum-mechanically entangled with at least one other logical qubit of the multiple-qubit 3-D gate cell. 
     
     
         10 . The system of  claim 7 , wherein the confinement regions of each of the first optical lattice, the second optical lattice, and the third optical lattice are arranged in a two-dimensional pattern that is substantially symmetric square-shaped pattern, diamond-shaped pattern, or rhombus-shaped pattern. 
     
     
         11 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the at least some of the first plurality of logical qubits are fully entangled with the at least some of the second plurality of logical qubits. 
     
     
         12 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the at least some of the first plurality of logical qubits and/or the at least some of the second plurality of logical qubits are fully entangled with nearest neighboring logical qubits and next-nearest neighboring logical qubits of the first plurality of logical qubits and the second plurality of logical qubits. 
     
     
         13 . The system of  claim 12 , wherein the at least some of the first plurality of logical qubits and/or the at least some of the second plurality of logical qubits are fully entangled with next-next-nearest neighboring logical qubits of the first plurality of logical qubits and the second plurality of logical qubits. 
     
     
         14 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the at least some of the first plurality of logical qubits and/or the at least some of the second plurality of logical qubits comprise at least one physical qubit selected from the group consisting of: naturally occurring atoms; neutral atoms; charged atoms; ions; molecules; artificially formed atoms; Rydberg atoms; nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond; Bose-Einstein condensates; electrons; photons; quantum particles; quantum dots; phonons; transmons; quantum states that behave as quantum particles. 
     
     
         15 . A quantum computing (QC) system comprising a plurality of confinement regions configured to contain logical qubits forming quantum gates in a multilayer qubit lattice array comprising more than two dimensions, the quantum gates configured to perform quantum logic operations involving three or more logical qubits natively without reliance on concatenations of one- and two-qubit gates. 
     
     
         16 . The system of  claim 15 , wherein at least some of the quantum logic operations utilize two or more control qubits acting on one or more target qubits natively. 
     
     
         17 . The system of  claim 16 , wherein the quantum logic operations are selected from the group consisting of: singly-controlled, multiple NOT gate; Fanout gate; multiply-controlled NOT gate; Toffoli gate; super Toffoli gate; multiply-controlled phase gate. 
     
     
         18 . The system of  claim 15 , further comprising electrical and optical elements configured to perform multi-qubit logic operations. 
     
     
         19 . The system of  claim 15 , further comprising electrical traces, optical beam configurations, detectors, and stray light management elements configured to enable low noise addressing and read-out of individual qubits in the multilayer qubit lattice array. 
     
     
         20 . The system of  claim 15 , wherein the multilayer qubit lattice array comprises multiple substantially parallel planar qubit lattice arrays. 
     
     
         21 . The system of  claim 20 , wherein the multiple substantially parallel planar qubit lattice arrays comprise at least a first planar qubit lattice array and a second planar qubit lattice array, the qubits of the first planar qubit lattice array offset from the qubits of the second planar qubit lattice array along a direction substantially parallel to the first planar qubit lattice array. 
     
     
         22 . The system of  claim 21 , further comprising at least one additional planar qubit lattice array comprising qubits aligned with the qubits of the first planar qubit lattice array, aligned with the qubits of the second array, or having an offset along a direction substantially parallel to the second planar qubit lattice array by a magnitude substantially equal to the offset between the first and second planar qubit lattice arrays. 
     
     
         23 . The system of  claim 21 , wherein the offset between the first and second planar qubit lattice arrays enables a plurality of view angles from which each of the logical qubits is optically addressed individually and from which the states of each of the logical qubits is detected individually so as to effect multiple-qubit gate operations natively. 
     
     
         24 . The system of  claim 21 , wherein the offset between the first and second planar qubit lattice arrays enables simultaneous entanglement of more qubits at a given interaction distance and within a given volume than in square and cubic lattice configurations.