Emissions reduction from vehicles by consuming low carbon fuel blends and utilizing carbon capture using adsorbent material

Abstract

A system includes an exhaust gas source that provides exhaust gas pollutants and an adsorbent-filled canister downstream of the exhaust gas source and configured to adsorb exhaust gas pollutants. The systems may further include a heat exchanger. A process includes introducing exhaust gas comprising exhaust gas pollutants into a system that includes an adsorbent-filled canister, such that the exhaust gas may flow through the adsorbent-filled canister and the exhaust gas pollutants may be adsorbed into an adsorption media in the adsorbent-filled canister as adsorbed exhaust gas pollutants. A depleted exhaust gas may pass from the adsorbent-filled canister.

What is claimed: 
     
         1 . An exhaust purification system, comprising:
 an exhaust gas source configured to provide an exhaust gas stream comprising at least one exhaust gas pollutant;   optionally a heat exchanger unit configured to maintain a temperature of the exhaust gas stream in between 100 to 1000° C.; and   a canister comprising at least one adsorbent-filled cartridge, and configured to adsorb the exhaust gas pollutant from the exhaust gas stream;   wherein the exhaust gas source, the heat exchanger unit and the canister are connected in series.   
     
     
         2 . The exhaust purification system of  claim 1 , wherein the exhaust gas source is an internal combustion engine. 
     
     
         3 . The exhaust purification system of  claim 1 , wherein the exhaust gas stream is produced by combustion of a low carbon fuel blend in an internal combustion engine. 
     
     
         4 . The exhaust purification system of  claim 1 , wherein the low carbon fuel blend is E0 Isooctane. 
     
     
         5 . The exhaust purification system of  claim 1 , wherein the low carbon fuel blend is E15 Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether. 
     
     
         6 . The exhaust purification system of  claim 1 , wherein the at least one exhaust gas pollutant in the exhaust gas stream is carbon dioxide. 
     
     
         7 . The exhaust purification system of  claim 1 , wherein the exhaust gas stream comprises an oxide of nitrogen. 
     
     
         8 . The exhaust purification system of  claim 1 , wherein the exhaust gas pollutant in the exhaust gas stream is selected from a group consisting of: carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen, nitrogen monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, hydrocarbons, particulate matter, and a mixture thereof. 
     
     
         9 . The exhaust purification system of  claim 1 , wherein the canister is replaceable. 
     
     
         10 . The exhaust purification system of  claim 1 , wherein the heat exchanger unit is a tubular heat exchanger. 
     
     
         11 . The exhaust purification system of  claim 1 , wherein the exhaust purification system comprises a plurality of adsorbent-filled cartridges. 
     
     
         12 . The exhaust purification system of  claim 11 , wherein the plurality of adsorbent-filled cartridges is separated by a plurality of spacers in the canister. 
     
     
         13 . The exhaust purification system of  claim 12 , wherein the plurality of adsorbent-filled cartridges comprise metal organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, or a combination thereof. 
     
     
         14 . The exhaust purification system of  claim 11 , wherein the plurality of adsorbent-filled cartridges is configured to selectively adsorb carbon dioxide from the exhaust gas stream. 
     
     
         15 . The exhaust purification system of  claim 1 , wherein the canister comprises:
 an inlet connector configured to introduce the exhaust gas stream into the canister; and   an outlet connector configured to release a clean exhaust gas stream from the canister.   
     
     
         16 . The exhaust purification system of  claim 1 , wherein the exhaust purification system comprises a first canister configured to feed the exhaust gas stream from the heat exchanger unit and a last canister configured to release a clean exhaust gas stream. 
     
     
         17 . The exhaust purification system of  claim 1 , further comprises a filtration unit positioned in between the heat exchanger unit and the canister. 
     
     
         18 . The exhaust purification system of  claim 1 , wherein the exhaust gas source, heat exchanger, and canister are connected via a plurality of pipes. 
     
     
         19 . A process of purifying an exhaust stream, the process comprising:
 introducing an exhaust gas stream comprising an exhaust gas pollutant into a heat exchanger unit;   optionally cooling the exhaust gas stream in the heat exchanger unit to a pre-set temperature;   feeding the exhaust gas stream from the heat exchanger unit to a canister, wherein the canister comprises at least one adsorbent-filled cartridge;   capturing the exhaust gas pollutant in the adsorbent-filled cartridge; and   releasing a clean exhaust gas stream from the canister.   
     
     
         20 . The process of  claim 19 , wherein the exhaust gas stream is produced by combustion of a low carbon fuel blend in an internal combustion engine. 
     
     
         21 . The process of  claim 19 , wherein the low carbon fuel blend is E0 Isooctane. 
     
     
         22 . The process of  claim 19 , wherein the low carbon fuel blend is E15 Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether. 
     
     
         23 . The process of  claim 19 , further comprises removing captured exhaust gas pollutants from the exhaust gas stream. 
     
     
         24 . The process of  claim 19 , further comprises replacing the canister when the adsorbent-filled cartridge in the canister is saturated with the exhaust gas pollutant. 
     
     
         25 . The process of  claim 19 , wherein the adsorbent-filled cartridge comprises metal organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, or a combination thereof.