Method for transposase-mediated spatial tagging and analyzing genomic dna in a biological sample

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to materials and methods for spatially analyzing nucleic acids that have been fragmented with a transposase enzyme, alone or in combination with other types of analytes.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A method for determining a spatial location of accessible DNA in a tissue sample, the method comprising:
 (a) providing an array comprising a plurality of capture probes affixed thereon, wherein a capture probe of the plurality of capture probes comprises (i) a spatial barcode and (ii) a capture domain;   (b) permeabilizing the tissue sample;   (c) contacting a transposome with the permeabilized tissue sample to insert transposon end sequences into the accessible DNA, thereby generating a fragmented nucleic acid sequence, and adding to an end of the fragmented nucleic acid sequence a first adapter comprising a sequence substantially complementary to a sequence of the capture domain;   (d) hybridizing the first adapter of the fragmented nucleic acid sequence to the capture domain of the capture probe; and   (e) determining the spatial barcode sequence or a complement thereof, and the fragmented nucleic acid sequence adjacent to the first adapter and the transposon end sequence, or a complement thereof, thereby determining the spatial location of accessible DNA in the tissue sample.   
     
     
         2 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein adding the first adapter to the end of the fragmented nucleic acid sequence in step (c) comprises ligating the first adapter to a 5′ end of the fragmented nucleic acid sequence and wherein determining the fragmented nucleic acid sequence comprises determining a sequence 3′ to the first adapter and the transposon end sequence. 
     
     
         3 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the array comprises one or more features selected from the group consisting of a bead, an inkjet spot, a masked spot, a well, and a hydrogel pad. 
     
     
         4 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the capture probe further comprises a cleavage domain, a functional domain, a unique molecular identifier, or combinations thereof. 
     
     
         5 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the transposome comprises a transposase enzyme and transposon ends for inserting into accessible DNA and wherein the transposon ends further comprise a first adapter and a second adapter and the 5′ end of the first adapter is complexed with a first monomer of the transposase enzyme and a 5′ end of the second adapter complexed with a second monomer or the transposase enzyme, and wherein the 5′ ends of the adapters are phosphorylated. 
     
     
         6 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the capture probe comprises (i) a hybridization domain, and (ii) a splint oligonucleotide hybridized to the hybridization domain, or a portion thereof, and wherein the splint oligonucleotide comprises a capture domain, and wherein the splint oligonucleotide hybridizes to the first adapter or a portion thereof, of the fragmented nucleic acid sequence. 
     
     
         7 . The method of  claim 6 , wherein the method further comprises ligating the first adapter of the fragmented nucleic acid sequence to the surface probe using the splint oligonucleotide as a template, wherein the ligating is performed with a DNA ligase. 
     
     
         8 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein step (d) comprises extending a 3′ end of the capture probe using the hybridized fragmented nucleic acid sequence as a template, wherein the extending step is performed using a DNA polymerase having strand displacement activity. 
     
     
         9 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises performing gap repair of single-stranded breaks in the fragmented nucleic acid sequence, wherein the gap repair is performed after adding the first adapter to the end of the fragmented nucleic acid sequence. 
     
     
         10 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the transposome comprises a Tn5 transposase enzyme, a Mu transposase enzyme, a Tn7 transposase enzyme, or functional derivatives thereof, and wherein the Tn5 transposase enzyme comprises a sequence that is at least 80% identical to SEQ ID NO: 1 and wherein the transposon end sequence comprises a sequence that is at least 80% identical to SEQ ID NO: 8. 
     
     
         11 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein permeabilizing the tissue sample comprises an enzymatic permeabilization condition comprising a proteinase K enzyme, a proteinase K-like enzyme, or a functional equivalent thereof comprising a sequence that is at least 80% identical to SEQ ID NO: 7. 
     
     
         12 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the determining in step (e) comprises sequencing (i) the spatial barcode or the complement thereof, and (ii) the fragmented nucleic acid sequence adjacent to the first adapter and the transposon end sequence or a complement thereof. 
     
     
         13 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises imaging the tissue sample before and/or after contacting the tissue sample with the array. 
     
     
         14 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the tissue sample is disposed on the array comprising a plurality of capture probes. 
     
     
         15 . The method of  claim 14 , wherein a diffusion-resistant medium is applied to the tissue sample, such that the tissue sample is disposed between the array and the diffusion-resistant medium. 
     
     
         16 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the tissue sample is disposed on a substrate. 
     
     
         17 . The method of  claim 16 , wherein the method further comprises aligning the substrate with the array, such that at least a portion of the tissue sample is aligned with at least a portion of the array. 
     
     
         18 . The method of  claim 17 , further comprising migrating the fragmented nucleic acid sequence to the array. 
     
     
         19 . The method of  claim 17 , further comprising an electrophoretic transfer system wherein the tissue sample is disposed between a cathode on the array and wherein the array is disposed between the tissue sample and an anode. 
     
     
         20 . The method of  claim 19 , wherein an electric field is applied to the electrophoretic transfer system, thereby migrating the fragmented nucleic acid sequence to the anode. 
     
     
         21 . The method of  claim 1 , further comprising at step (d) hybridizing mRNA from the tissue sample to a second capture domain of a second capture probe on the array, wherein the second capture probe comprises a second spatial barcode, a cleavage domain, a functional domain, a unique molecular identifier, or combinations thereof and extending the second capture probe using the hybridized mRNA as a template. 
     
     
         22 . The method of  claim 21 , wherein the capture domain that hybridizes to the first adaptor and the second capture domain are the same; the capture domain and the second capture domain comprise a poly(T) sequence; or the capture domain and the second capture domain are different. 
     
     
         23 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the tissue sample is a tissue section, wherein the tissue section is a fresh-frozen tissue section or a fixed tissue section, wherein the fixed tissue section is a formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue section, a paraformaldehyde-fixed tissue section, a methanol fixed tissue section, or an acetone fixed tissue section. 
     
     
         24 . The method of  claim 21 , further comprising determining (i) the sequence of the second spatial barcode or a complement thereof, and (ii) the mRNA sequence or a complement thereof, thereby determining the spatial location of the mRNA in the tissue sample. 
     
     
         25 . The method of  claim 24 , wherein the spatial location of accessible DNA in the tissue sample is used to generate a genome wide chromatin accessibility map and/or wherein the spatial location of the mRNA in the tissue sample is used to generate a spatial transcriptomic profile and/or correlating the genome wide chromatin accessibility map and the spatial transcriptomic profile to identify changes in gene expression, transcription factor binding, or tissue sample methylation levels.