Systems and methods for mixture separation

Abstract

A separator includes an inlet manifold, a throat, and an outlet manifold. The inlet manifold is configured to receive a flow of the mixture of gas. The throat is attached to the inlet manifold. The throat separates heavier species of the mixture of gas from lighter species of the mixture of gas. The outlet manifold is attached to the throat. The outlet manifold includes an outlet valve and a throttle shaft. The outlet valve includes a cone-shaped inlet and a bowl-shaped outlet. The throttle shaft includes a shaft and a cone-shaped head. The cone-shaped head is positioned within the cone-shaped inlet and the shaft extends through the bowl-shaped outlet. The bowl-shaped outlet, the cone-shaped inlet, and the cone-shaped head are sized and shaped to control the flow of the heavier species through the outlet valve and the flow of the mixture of gas through the separator.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A separator for separating components of a mixture of gas comprising:
 an inlet manifold configured to receive a flow of the mixture of gas, wherein the inlet manifold forms the mixture of gas into a spiraling flow;   a throat attached to the inlet manifold and configured to receive a flow of the mixture of gas from the inlet manifold, wherein the throat separates heavier species of the mixture of gas from lighter species of the mixture of gas; and   an outlet manifold attached to the throat and configured to receive a flow of the heavier species from the throat, the outlet manifold including:
 an outlet valve including a cone-shaped inlet and a bowl-shaped outlet; and 
 a throttle shaft including a shaft and a cone-shaped head, wherein the cone-shaped head is positioned within the cone-shaped inlet and the shaft extends through the bowl-shaped outlet; 
   wherein the bowl-shaped outlet, the cone-shaped inlet, and the cone-shaped head are sized and shaped to control the flow of the heavier species through the outlet valve and the flow of the mixture of gas through the separator.   
     
     
         2 . The separator of  claim 1 , wherein the inlet manifold comprises at least one inlet pipe shaped in a spiral shape. 
     
     
         3 . The separator of  claim 2 , wherein at least one inlet pipe comprises two inlet pipes shaped in a spiral shape. 
     
     
         4 . The separator of  claim 1 , wherein the inlet manifold comprises an inlet plate defining at least one inlet channel shaped in a spiral shape. 
     
     
         5 . The separator of  claim 4 , wherein the inlet manifold comprises a conical chamber defining a continuous inner conical side wall. 
     
     
         6 . The separator of  claim 5 , wherein the continuous inner conical side wall abuts the at least one inlet channel. 
     
     
         7 . The separator of  claim 5 , wherein the continuous inner conical side wall abuts the throat. 
     
     
         8 . The separator of  claim 5 , wherein the inlet manifold comprises an outlet pipe disposed along an axis of the throat and the conical chamber. 
     
     
         9 . The separator of  claim 1 , wherein the cone-shaped head includes a blunt end positioned near an outlet of the throat. 
     
     
         10 . The separator of  claim 1 , wherein the outlet manifold includes at least one outlet pipe configured to channel the heavier species from the separator. 
     
     
         11 . A method of separating components of a mixture of gas using a separator, the method comprising:
 channeling the mixture of gas into an inlet manifold of the separator;   forming the mixture of gas into a spiraling flow within the inlet manifold;   channeling the mixture of gas from the inlet manifold to a throat of the separator;   separating heavier species of the mixture of gas from lighter species of the mixture of gas within the throat;   channeling a flow of the heavier species from the throat to an outlet manifold of the separator, the outlet manifold including an outlet valve including a cone-shaped inlet and a bowl-shaped outlet and a throttle shaft including a shaft and a cone-shaped head, wherein the cone-shaped head is positioned within the cone-shaped inlet and the shaft extends through the bowl-shaped outlet; and   controlling the flow of the heavier species through the outlet valve and the flow of the mixture of gas through the separator using the bowl-shaped outlet, the cone-shaped inlet, and the cone-shaped head, wherein the bowl-shaped outlet, the cone-shaped inlet, and the cone-shaped head are sized and shaped to control the flow of the heavier species through the outlet valve and the flow of the mixture of gas through the separator.   
     
     
         12 . The method of  claim 11 , wherein the inlet manifold comprises at least one inlet pipe shaped in a spiral shape, and wherein forming the mixture of gas into a spiraling flow within the inlet manifold at least partially comprises channeling the mixture of gas into the at least one inlet pipe. 
     
     
         13 . The method of  claim 12 , wherein at least one inlet pipe comprises two inlet pipes shaped in a spiral shape. 
     
     
         14 . The method of  claim 11 , wherein the inlet manifold comprises an inlet plate defining at least one inlet channel shaped in a spiral shape, and wherein forming the mixture of gas into a spiraling flow within the inlet manifold at least partially comprises channeling the mixture of gas into the at least one inlet channel. 
     
     
         15 . The method of  claim 14 , wherein the inlet manifold comprises a conical chamber defining a continuous inner conical side wall, and wherein forming the mixture of gas into a spiraling flow within the inlet manifold at least partially comprises channeling the mixture of gas into the conical chamber. 
     
     
         16 . The method of  claim 15 , wherein the continuous inner conical side wall abuts the at least one inlet channel, and wherein the at least one inlet channel and the continuous inner conical side wall create a smooth transition from the inlet plate to the conical chamber. 
     
     
         17 . The method of  claim 15 , wherein the continuous inner conical side wall abuts the throat, and wherein the at least one inlet channel and the throat create a smooth transition from the conical chamber to the throat. 
     
     
         18 . The method of  claim 15 , wherein the inlet manifold comprises an outlet pipe disposed along an axis of the throat and the conical chamber, and wherein the method further comprises channeling a flow of the lighter species from the throat to the outlet pipe. 
     
     
         19 . The method of  claim 11 , wherein controlling the flow of the heavier species through the outlet valve and the flow of the mixture of gas through the separator using the bowl-shaped outlet comprises moving the cone-shaped head within the cone-shaped inlet. 
     
     
         20 . The method of  claim 19 , wherein moving the cone-shaped head toward the cone-shaped inlet reduces the flow of heavier species out of the separator.