Granulated explosive based on a water-in-oil emulsion, and production and use thereof

Abstract

In a first aspect, the present invention relates to a granulated explosive based on a water-in-oil emulsion with one or more oxygen carriers. water, one or more fuel carriers and emulsifier. The invention also relates to a method for producing a granulated explosive according to the invention based on a water-in-oil emulsion containing oxygen carriers, water, fuel carriers and emulsifier. The invention lastly relates to a granulated explosive obtainable using the method according to the invention and to the use of the granulated explosive according to the invention.

1 . A granulated explosive based on a water-in-oil emulsion, comprising:
 oxygen carrier with a mass fraction of 78 to 90%;   water with a mass fraction of 5 to 10%;   fuel carrier with a mass fraction of 3 to 7%; and   emulsifier with a mass fraction of 0.1 to 3%.   
     
     
         2 . The granulated explosive based on a water-in-oil emulsion as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the oxygen carrier is selected from alkali metal and alkaline earth metal nitrates, ammonium nitrate, alkali metal and alkaline earth metal chlorate, ammonium chlorate, alkali metal and alkaline earth metal perchlorates and ammonium perchlorate. 
     
     
         3 . The granulated explosive based on a water-in-oil emulsion as claimed in  claim 2 , wherein the oxygen carrier is ammonium nitrate. 
     
     
         4 . The granulated explosive based on a water-in-oil emulsion as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the fuel carrier is selected from plant waxes, plant oils, animal oils and fats, paraffin wax, light crude oil, kerosine, mineral oil, lubricating oil, heavy oil, carboxylic acid, carboxylic ester and microcrystalline wax or combinations of at least two thereof. 
     
     
         5 . The granulated explosive based on a water-in-oil emulsion as claimed in  claim 4 , wherein the fuel carrier comprises paraffin and stearic acid, or stearic acid and stearate, or paraffin and stearic acid and stearate, or paraffin and stearate. 
     
     
         6 . The granulated explosive based on a water-in-oil emulsion as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the emulsifier comprises or is one based on
 polyisobutylene-succinic anhydride (PIBSA),   sorbitan monoisostearate (SMIS), or   polyisobutene lactone (PIB lactone),   or mixtures thereof.   
     
     
         7 . The granulated explosive based on a water-in-oil emulsion as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the emulsifier is not present as a mixture of two or more individual emulsifiers, and wherein the emulsifier is selected from polyisobutylene-succinic anhydride (PIBSA) or an emulsifier based on polyisobutene lactone (PIB lactone). 
     
     
         8 . The granulated explosive based on a water-in-oil emulsion as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the water fraction in the granulated explosive as a mass fraction is in a range from 6% to 10%. 
     
     
         9 . The granulated explosive based on a water-in-oil emulsion as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the granules have an average particle size in the range of 0.5 mm to 4 mm. 
     
     
         10 . The granulated explosive based on a water-in-oil emulsion as claimed in  claim 1 , which does not contain organic or glass hollow spheres as fillers. 
     
     
         11 . The granulated explosive based on a water-in-oil emulsion as claimed in  claim 1 , comprising;
 ammonium nitrate with a mass fraction of 70% to 77%;   sodium nitrate with a mass fraction of 8% to 13%;   water with a mass fraction of 6% to 9.5%;   paraffin with a mass fraction of 0% to 7%;   stearic acid with a mass fraction of 0% to 7%;   stearate with a mass fraction of 0% to 7%;   emulsifier based on PIBSA with a mass fraction of 0.1% to 3%;   wherein at least one of paraffin and/or stearic acid and/or stearate is present with a fraction of 3% to 7%.   
     
     
         12 . The granulated explosive of a water-in-oil emulsion as claimed in  claim 1 , comprising:
 ammonium nitrate with a mass fraction of 83% to 87%;   water with a mass fraction of 7% to 10%;   paraffin with a mass fraction of 0% to 7%;   stearic acid with a mass fraction of 0% to 7%;   stearate with a mass fraction of 0% to 7%;   emulsifier based on PIBSA or based on PIB lactone with a mass fraction of 0.1% to 3%;   wherein at least one of paraffin and/or stearic acid and/or stearate is present with a fraction of 3% to 7%.   
     
     
         13 . A method for producing a granulated explosive based on a water-in-oil emulsion containing oxygen carrier, water, fuel carrier and an emulsifier, comprising:
 providing a water-containing phase with the oxygen carrier;   providing a phase with the fuel carrier and the emulsifier;   heating i) the water-containing phase with the oxygen carrier and, separately therefrom, heating ii) the phase comprising the fuel carrier and the emulsifier;   uniting the water-containing phase and the phase comprising the fuel carrier and the emulsifier to form a united composition in a reactor and homogenizing the united composition to form the water-in-oil emulsion;   cooling and granulating the water-in-oil emulsion, optionally with shaping processes;   and optionally comminuting and classifying granules which are granulated from the water-in-oil emulsion.   
     
     
         14 . The method for producing a granulated explosive based on a water-in-oil emulsion as claimed in  claim 13 , wherein the shaping process is one selected from spray drying, extruding, prilling, pastillation or pelletizing. 
     
     
         15 . The method for producing a granulated explosive based on a water-in-oil emulsion as claimed in  claim 13 , wherein the shaping takes place by granulating or grinding, and further comprises subsequently classifying. 
     
     
         16 . The method for producing a granulated explosive based on a water-in-oil emulsion as claimed in  claim 13  wherein the composition containing water and oxygen carrier is heated to a temperature of not more than 130° C. 
     
     
         17 . The method for producing a granulated explosive based on a water-in-oil emulsion as claimed in  claim 13  wherein any further components are added to the water-in-oil emulsion during homogenization in the reactor. 
     
     
         18 . The method for producing a granulated explosive based on a water-in-oil emulsion as claimed in  claim 13 , wherein a granulated explosive based on the water-in-oil emulsion is produced which comprises:
 oxygen carrier with a mass fraction of 78 to 90%;   water with a mass fraction of 5 to 10%:   fuel carrier with a mass fraction of 3 to 7%: and   emulsifier with a mass fraction of 0.1 to 3%.   
     
     
         19 . A granulated explosive obtainable by a method for producing a granulated explosive based on a water-in-oil emulsion as claimed in  claim 13 . 
     
     
         20 . A method of using a granulated explosive based on a water-in-oil emulsion as claimed in  claim 1 , comprising producing explosives having improved properties of NO x  release on reaction. 
     
     
         21 . A packaging unit of granulated explosive based on a water-in-oil emulsion as claimed in  claim 1 , comprising granulated explosive in an amount of more than 25 kg packaged in a manner suitable for the transport and the storage of the granulated explosive. 
     
     
         22 . A method of using a granulated explosive based on a water-in-oil emulsion as claimed in  claim 1 , comprising blasting soft rock or hard rock, wherein in small-caliber blast boreholes no booster charges are required. 
     
     
         23 . The granulated explosive based on a water-in-oil emulsion as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the oxygen carrier is or comprises a mixture of ammonium nitrate and sodium nitrate. 
     
     
         24 . The granulated explosive based on a water-in-oil emulsion as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the fuel carrier is or comprises paraffin, animal oils, plant oils, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         25 . The granulated explosive based on a water-in-oil emulsion as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the emulsifier is polyisobutylene-succinic anhydride (PIBSA).