Storage Battery, Battery Control Unit, and Electronic Device

Abstract

A storage battery includes positive and negative electrodes and an electrolytic solution. The negative electrode includes a first element and carbon. The first element is any of silicon, tin, gallium, aluminum, germanium, lead, antimony, bismuth, silver, zinc, cadmium, and indium. The negative electrode includes an active material and a first layer in contact with a surface of the active material. The first layer has a thickness of 10 nm to 1000 nm inclusive. The electrolytic solution contains first and second cations. The first cation is one or more of a lithium ion, a sodium ion, a calcium ion, and a magnesium ion. The second cation is an imidazolium cation or a tertiary sulfonium cation.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A storage battery comprising:
 a positive electrode;   a negative electrode; and   an electrolytic solution,   wherein the negative electrode includes a first region, a second region being in contact with a surface of the first region, and a third region being in contact with a surface of the second region,   wherein each of the second region and the third region has a layered shape,   wherein a thickness of the second region is larger than or equal to 10 nm and smaller than or equal to 500 nm,   wherein a thickness of the third region is larger than or equal to 10 nm and smaller than or equal to 1000 nm,   wherein each of the first region, the second region, and the third region comprises carbon and a first element,   wherein the first element is one selected from the group consisting of silicon, tin, gallium, aluminum, germanium, lead, antimony, bismuth, silver, zinc, cadmium, and indium,   wherein an atomic ratio of carbon to the first element included in the first region is x 1 :y 1 ,   wherein an atomic ratio of carbon to the first element included in the second region is x 2 :y 2 ,   wherein an atomic ratio of carbon to the first element included in the third region is x 3 :y 3 ,   wherein x 2 /y 2  is larger than x 1 /y 1 ,   wherein x 3 /y 3  is larger than x 2 /y 2 ,   wherein the electrolytic solution includes a first cation and an ionic liquid,   wherein the ionic liquid contains a second cation and an anion,   wherein the first cation is one selected from the group consisting of a lithium ion, a sodium ion, a calcium ion, and a magnesium ion,   wherein the second cation is one of an imidazolium cation and a tertiary sulfonium cation, and   wherein the anion is one selected from the group consisting of a monovalent amide-based anion, a monovalent methide-based anion, a fluorosulfonate anion (SO 3 F − ), a fluoroalkylsulfonate anion, a tetrafluoroborate anion (BF 4   − ), a fluoroalkylborate anion, a hexafluorophosphate anion (PF 6   − ), and a fluoroalkylphosphate anion.   
     
     
         2 . An electronic device comprising the storage battery according to  claim 1 . 
     
     
         3 . An electronic device comprising:
 the storage battery according to  claim 1 ; and   a display device.   
     
     
         4 . An electronic device comprising:
 the storage battery according to  claim 1 ; and   an input-output terminal having a function of performing wireless communication.   
     
     
         5 . A storage battery comprising:
 a positive electrode;   a negative electrode; and   an electrolytic solution,   wherein the negative electrode includes a first region, a second region being in contact with a surface of the first region, and a third region being in contact with a surface of the second region,   wherein each of the second region and the third region has a layered shape,   wherein a thickness of the second region is larger than or equal to 10 nm and smaller than or equal to 500 nm,   wherein a thickness of the third region is larger than or equal to 10 nm and smaller than or equal to 1000 nm,   wherein each of the first region, the second region, and the third region comprises carbon and a first element,   wherein the first element is one selected from the group consisting of silicon, tin, gallium, aluminum, germanium, lead, antimony, bismuth, silver, zinc, cadmium, and indium,   wherein an atomic ratio of carbon to the first element included in the first region is x 1 :y 1 ,   wherein an atomic ratio of carbon to the first element included in the second region is x 2 :y 2 ,   wherein an atomic ratio of carbon to the first element included in the third region is x 3 :y 3 ,   wherein x 1 /y 1  is smaller than or equal to 3,   wherein x 2 /y 2  is larger than or equal to 0.1 and smaller than 10,   wherein x 3 /y 3  is larger than or equal to 5,   wherein x 2 /y 2  is larger than x 1 /y 1 ,   wherein x 3 /y 3  is larger than x 2 /y 2 ,   wherein the electrolytic solution includes a first cation and an ionic liquid,   wherein the ionic liquid contains a second cation and an anion,   wherein the first cation is one selected from the group consisting of a lithium ion, a sodium ion, a calcium ion, and a magnesium ion,   wherein the second cation is one of an imidazolium cation and a tertiary sulfonium cation, and   wherein the anion is one selected from the group consisting of a monovalent amide-based anion, a monovalent methide-based anion, a fluorosulfonate anion (SO 3 F − ), a fluoroalkylsulfonate anion, a tetrafluoroborate anion (BF 4   − ), a fluoroalkylborate anion, a hexafluorophosphate anion (PF 6   − ), and a fluoroalkylphosphate anion.   
     
     
         6 . An electronic device comprising the storage battery according to  claim 5 . 
     
     
         7 . An electronic device comprising:
 the storage battery according to  claim 5 ; and   a display device.   
     
     
         8 . An electronic device comprising:
 the storage battery according to  claim 5 ; and   an input-output terminal having a function of performing wireless communication.