Complex construction-supporting structures, and use of said complex construction-supporting structures

Abstract

Disclosed are complex construction-supporting structures made up of two-walled, plane load-bearing structural modules which are designed for the production of two-walled, plane load-bearing structures that are made up of individual, assembled, plane load-bearing structural modules and form primary-shell load-bearing systems which in turn are combined, possibly with the additional use of complementary components such as plane truss elements ( 9 ), in order to form complex construction-supporting structures which can be used in the presence of rising sea levels or groundwater tables, poor foundation soils, and earthquakes.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . (canceled) 
     
     
         2 . Complex structural support structures in which individual, connected load-bearing structure modules, which comprise two secondary shell elements, which lie at a distance from one another and bound the load-bearing structure modules on two opposite sides, and the web required for structural reasons, to which the corner angle profiles and the diagonals also belong, double-shell load-bearing structures are joined together in the form of primary shell support structures with a planar load-bearing effect and an in-plane load-bearing effect; wherein said primary shell support structures allow adding supplementary components such as planar frameworks; and wherein for forming irregular structures all the main components for which this is expedient are involved in transferring the loads regardless of their orientation and position as well as through a plurality of stories of the building, so that the support structure is highly efficient. 
     
     
         3 . (canceled) 
     
     
         4 . Complex structural support structures according to  claim 1 , which are formed from load-bearing structure modules, which have connections for connecting adjacent modules, which are realized in the two directions parallel to the shell and in the orthogonal direction in that the flat bars used according to the prior art are replaced on the outer sides of the connection pockets by angle profiles, the additional flange of which is arranged in each case parallel to the shell on the outer side of the module and in which corresponding holes are located; and in which the longitudinal forces in the secondary shell planes as well as the shear forces between the load-bearing structure modules are transferred through connection plates of an appropriate shape and size lying parallel to and outside of the secondary shells in the nodes of the support structure and with corresponding holes in the connection plates and secondary shells with screws, including washers and nuts, wherein the connection to orthogonally arranged modules is realized by additional, correspondingly mounted connection plates; wherein said connection plates can be countersunk into respecting recesses former within the secondary shells. 
     
     
         5 . (canceled) 
     
     
         6 . Complex structural support structures according to  claim 1 , in which the diagonals are connected separately by short cylindrical pins with split pins or partial threads at the corner angle profiles in the construction of the load-bearing structure module, and in which a closed frame replaces the diagonals if they prevent the use of the space between the secondary shells. 
     
     
         7 . Complex structural support structures according to  claim 6 , in which for the required reinforcement of the connection plate connection for the transfer of the longitudinal forces into the plane of the secondary shell and of the shear forces between the load-bearing structure modules, additional holes are arranged, in addition to the diagonal connections, in the corner angle profiles extending perpendicularly to the plane of the shell in the immediate vicinity of their two ends and offset as far as necessary in the direction of the center of the bar, which can also be used entirely or additionally for the orthogonal ceiling/wall connection when corresponding holes are provided or are additionally produced in the secondary shell of the load-bearing structure module to be orthogonally connected; wherein said additional holes also allow to connect the closed frames, which closed frames may optionally substitute said diagonals. 
     
     
         8 . (canceled) 
     
     
         9 . Complex structural support structures according to  claim 1 , in which, parallel to the secondary shells and in an area equal to their respective size, a second panel level with an appropriate spacing from secondary shell is formed from one or more subpanels mounted on supports or fastened on the outside; wherein resulting intermediate spaces between the secondary shells and the respective second layer of panels are used for heating and/or cooling and/or ventilation of the building, whereby warm or cold air is circulated depending on the weather and needs of the user. 
     
     
         10 .- 11 . (canceled) 
     
     
         12 . The use of complex structural support structures according to  claim 1  with primary shell support structures as ceiling constructions and simultaneous, at least partial use of these primary shell support structures as walls of an appropriate thicknesses for creating and connecting installation or storage spaces throughout the building and use of these rooms for storing storage containers and/or for transporting things or people through the entire building, wherein the secondary shells are then partially replaced by peripheral frames. 
     
     
         13 .- 17 . (canceled) 
     
     
         18 . The use of complex structural support structures according to  claim 9 , in which the resulting intermediate spaces between the secondary shells and the respective second layer of panels are used for heating and/or cooling and/or ventilation of the building, whereby warm or cold air is circulated depending on the weather and needs of the users. 
     
     
         19 . The use of complex structural support structures according to  claim 1 , in which the additional panel layers parallel to the secondary shells or the secondary shells, themselves are to be used for the installation of cleaning systems. 
     
     
         20 . The use of the complex structural support structure according to  claim 19 , by means of which dust and dirt on the floor are sucked into the intermediate space and filtered out of the air through the use of appropriately perforated panels and special, permeable textile coverings. 
     
     
         21 . The use of the complex structural support structure according to  claim 19 , in which, when hard floors are installed, the gaps to be widened in regions between the additional panels or the secondary shells are designed so spray wipers and drainage channels can be mounted. 
     
     
         22 . The use of the complex structural support structure according to  claim 19 , in which, when hard floors are installed, rod-like spray wipers installed when the cleaning system is put into operation are moved upwards, cleaning liquid is distributed from integrated spray nozzles, and with the wipers, which either rotate about a vertical axis or are moved by linear drives over the surface of the panel to be cleaned, the dissolved dirt and dust is wiped in drainage channels which are also arranged between the panels. 
     
     
         23 . The use of the complex structural support structure according to  claim 22 , in which the cleaning solution can also be distributed in wet rooms by separate, adjustable nozzles, which can be located on all surfaces enclosing the room, and then wiped into the drainage channel. 
     
     
         24 . The use of the complex structural support structure according to  claim 19 , in which residual liquid is dried off the surfaces by means of air to be injected through special nozzles. 
     
     
         25 . The use of the complex structural support structure according to  claim 19 , in which installed floor wipers are designed to be flexible and are segmented, wherein obstacles located on the floor such as furniture need to be avoided. 
     
     
         26 . (canceled) 
     
     
         27 . The use of complex structural support structures according to  claim 1 , in which the containers are designed as plant containers for use as a plant factory and are formed with an appropriate area and at an appropriate height on the wall and in which topsoil or plant substrate is placed for the purpose of plant cultivation. 
     
     
         28 .- 30 . (canceled) 
     
     
         31 . The use of complex structural support structures according to  claim 1 , in which the space between the secondary shells is used for aquariums, terrariums, or small animal husbandry. 
     
     
         32 . The use of complex structural support structures according to  claim 1  for use in cases of rising sea levels or ground water levels, poor subsoil conditions, and earthquakes, whereby the lower part of the building to be built, i.e. the foundation and the walls rising from the foundation up to an appropriate height, are designed to be impervious to liquids, for example by means of a waterproof outer coating or cladding, and a plurality of primary shells can be arranged one above the other in this area, and larger number of liquid tanks or air cushions, which need to be filled and drained separately and are evenly distributed over the floor space, are located in the lowest part of the building to be built, and the building is erected using load-bearing structure modules in a very stable, watertight trough with an open top, the inner surfaces of which correspond to the respective outer surfaces of the building plus an appropriate gap, and, after the building is erected, flexible liquid tanks or air cushions, which can also be filled or drained separately, or length-adjustable, rod-like elements with which the distance between the inner wall of the trough and the exterior wall of the building can be controlled, for example, are installed in the space between the inner walls of the trough and the exterior walls of the building and, in a next step, the trough is filled to an appropriate height with water or another suitable liquid so that the building floats and the horizontal position of the building is continuously monitored and controlled by separately filling and emptying each of the liquid tanks or air cushions located in the building, as well as by separately filling and emptying each of the lateral liquid tanks or air cushions or by adjusting the length of the rod-like elements, whereby the height of the building can likewise be adapted using the described control mechanisms and by changing the level of the liquid in the trough; wherein in the event of earthquakes, the input energy transmitted into the building structure is sufficiently low as a result of the as a rea stability and the mass inertia of the building at simultaneously very low and therefore controllable restraint of the foundation in order to avoid damage.