Motion Controlling Mechanism, Liquid Discharging Nozzle, Microdroplet Generating Device and Method, Liquid Driving Mechanism and Method, Microdroplet Generating Method, and Surface Processing Method of Liquid Discharging Nozzle

Abstract

Disclosed is a liquid discharging nozzle, including a needle stem having a hollow chamber and an outlet end located at one end of the needle stem, an angle between a normal line of an end surface of the outlet end of the liquid discharging nozzle and an extension direction of the needle stem is equal to or smaller than 90°. Further disclosed are a motion controlling mechanism, a microdroplet generating device and method, a liquid driving mechanism and method, a microdroplet generating method, and a surface processing method of a liquid discharging nozzle.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A microdroplet generating device comprising:
 (a) a liquid discharging nozzle having an inlet end and an outlet end, and being configured to store a first liquid;   (b) a liquid driving mechanism connected to the inlet end of the liquid discharging nozzle and configured to discharge the first liquid stored in the liquid discharging nozzle from the outlet end of the liquid discharging nozzle;   (c) a motion controlling mechanism configured to control the outlet end of the liquid discharging nozzle to move with a preset acceleration below a surface of a second liquid, so that the first liquid discharged from the outlet end of the liquid discharging nozzle forms a microdroplet below the liquid surface of the second liquid; and   (d) a first controller connected to the liquid driving mechanism and the motion controlling mechanism, respectively, to control the liquid driving mechanism and the motion controlling mechanism to work cooperatively.   
     
     
         2 . The microdroplet generating device according to  claim 1 , wherein the motion controlling mechanism is configured to drive the outlet end of the liquid discharging nozzle to move with an instantaneous acceleration below the liquid surface of the second liquid. 
     
     
         3 . The microdroplet generating device according to  claim 2 , wherein the motion controlling mechanism is configured to drive the outlet end of the liquid discharging nozzle make a periodic motion including an instantaneous accelerated motion below the liquid surface of the second liquid. 
     
     
         4 . The microdroplet generating device according to  claim 3 , wherein the motion controlling mechanism is configured such that during the periodic motion of the outlet end of the liquid discharging nozzle below the liquid surface of the second liquid, a speed of the outlet end of the liquid discharging nozzle varies in a form of a rectangular wave. 
     
     
         5 . The microdroplet generating device according to  claim 4 , wherein the speed of the outlet end of the liquid discharging nozzle is configured to vary in a form of a square wave. 
     
     
         6 . The microdroplet generating device according to  claim 5 , wherein the speed of the outlet end of the liquid discharging nozzle in a first half motion period and that in a second half motion period are configured to be identical but in opposite directions. 
     
     
         7 . The microdroplet generating device according to  claim 2 , the outlet end of the liquid discharging nozzle is configured to move below the liquid surface of the second liquid in a direction perpendicular to, parallel to, or having an arbitrarily angle relative to an extension direction of the liquid discharging nozzle. 
     
     
         8 . The microdroplet generating device according to  claim 1 , the motion controlling mechanism is configured to move the outlet end of the liquid discharging nozzle at a periodically changed speed blow the liquid surface of the second liquid and the speed of the outlet end of the liquid discharging nozzle changes monotonously in both a first half and a second half of a period. 
     
     
         9 . The microdroplet generating device according to  claim 8 , wherein the speed of the outlet end of the liquid discharging nozzle is configured to be center symmetrical relative to a midpoint which is a middle time point of the period of speed variation; or the outlet end of the liquid discharging nozzle is configured to move with a uniform acceleration in both the first half period and the second half period of one speed variation period. 
     
     
         10 . The microdroplet generating device according to  claim 9 , wherein an acceleration and a moving trajectory of the outlet end of the liquid discharging nozzle moving below the liquid surface of the second liquid are configured to be periodically changed. 
     
     
         11 . The microdroplet generating device according to  claim 10 , wherein the speed of the outlet end of the liquid discharging nozzle moving below the liquid surface of the second liquid is configured to vary in a form of a cosine curve. 
     
     
         12 . The microdroplet generating device according to  claim 11 , wherein the motion controlling mechanism is configured such that one droplet is detached from the outlet end of the liquid discharging nozzle and forms the microdroplet in each of an accelerating stage of the first half period and an accelerating stage of the second half period of the speed variation of the outlet end of the liquid discharging nozzle. 
     
     
         13 . The microdroplet generating device according to  claim 9 , wherein the motion controlling mechanism is configured such that magnitudes of the accelerations of the outlet end of the liquid discharging nozzle in the first half period and in the second half period are identical. 
     
     
         14 . The microdroplet generating device according to  claim 2 , wherein the motion controlling mechanism is configured such that the first liquid is continuously, at a constant flow rate, or at a varied flow rate discharged from the outlet end of the liquid discharging nozzle. 
     
     
         15 . The microdroplet generating device according to  claim 2 , wherein the motion controlling mechanism is configured such that a moving trajectory of the outlet end of the liquid discharging nozzle moving below the liquid surface of the second liquid comprises one of or a combination of a straight-line segment, an arc-shaped line segment, or a polygon. 
     
     
         16 . The microdroplet generating device according to  claim 2 , wherein the motion controlling mechanism is configured such that frequency of the periodic motion of the outlet end of the liquid discharging nozzle moving below the liquid surface of the second liquid is between 0.1 Hz and 200 Hz. 
     
     
         17 . A motion controlling mechanism, comprising:
 (a) a supporting frame;   (b) a connecting member configured to be connected to a liquid discharging nozzle; and   (c) a driving component fixed on the supporting frame,   wherein the driving component is connected to and is configured to drive the connecting member; and   wherein the driving component is configured to drive an outlet end of the liquid discharging nozzle to move with a displacement changing in a sine form or at a speed varying in a square wave form.   
     
     
         18 . The motion controlling mechanism of  claim 17 , wherein the driving component comprises
 (a) a vibrating motor, and an output shaft of the vibrating motor is connected to and drives the connecting member;   (b) a piezoelectric ceramic and an elastic element; when the piezoelectric ceramic is powered on and generates a deformation in a first direction to drive the connecting member to move in the first direction, the elastic element connected to the connecting member generates an elastic deformation; when the piezoelectric ceramic is powered on and generates a deformation in a direction opposite to the first direction, the elastic element recovers from the elastic deformation and meanwhile drives the connecting member to move in the direction opposite to the first direction; over and again, the connecting member drives the outlet end of the liquid discharging nozzle to move with the displacement changing in the sine form or at the speed changing in the square wave form; or   (c) an electromagnet and a magnetic element; the magnetic element is fixedly connected to the connecting member; the electromagnet generates a varying magnetic field, and the magnetic element moves in the varying magnetic field and drives the outlet end of the liquid discharging nozzle via the connecting member to move with the displacement changing in the sine form or at the speed changing in the square wave form.   
     
     
         19 . The motion controlling mechanism of  claim 18 , wherein when the driving component comprises (a) the connecting member comprises a connecting head and a connecting shaft, one end of the connecting head is configured to be connected to the liquid discharging nozzle; and another end of the connecting head is configured to be connected to a liquid controlling mechanism of the liquid discharging nozzle; the connecting shaft is rotatably disposed on the supporting frame; the connecting shaft is connected to and driven by the vibrating motor; and an axial direction of the connecting head is perpendicular to an axial direction of the connecting shaft. 
     
     
         20 . The motion controlling mechanism of  claim 18 , wherein when the driving component comprises (c), the driving component further comprises an elastic element; one end of the elastic element is fixed to the supporting frame, and another end of the elastic element is fixed to the connecting member; the magnetic element is fixedly attached to the connecting member; when the electromagnet is powered, a force in a first direction is generated and exerted on the magnetic element, and the magnetic element and the connecting member move in the first direction, meanwhile, the elastic element generates an elastic deformation; when the electromagnet is powered off, the elastic element drives the connecting member and the magnetic element to move in a direction opposite to the first direction; by means of controlling the electromagnet to be powered on and powered off and via the connecting member, the magnetic element drives the outlet end of the liquid discharging nozzle to move with the displacement changing in the sine form or at the speed changing in the square wave form. 
     
     
         21 . The microdroplet generating device according to  claim 8 , wherein the motion controlling mechanism is configured such that the first liquid is continuously, at a constant flow rate, or at a varied flow rate discharged from the outlet end of the liquid discharging nozzle. 
     
     
         22 . The microdroplet generating device according to  claim 8 , wherein the motion controlling mechanism is configured such that a moving trajectory of the outlet end of the liquid discharging nozzle moving below the liquid surface of the second liquid comprises one of or a combination of a straight-line segment, an arc-shaped line segment, or a polygon. 
     
     
         23 . The microdroplet generating device according to  claim 8 , wherein the motion controlling mechanism is configured such that frequency of the periodic motion of the outlet end of the liquid discharging nozzle moving below the liquid surface of the second liquid is between 0.1 Hz and 200 Hz.