Downhole-to-ground logging communication and control apparatus and method

Abstract

A downhole-to-ground logging communication and control apparatus is disclosed, which includes a ground portion ( 10 ) and a downhole portion ( 20 ), the ground portion ( 10 ) is provided with an atomic magnetometer receiving apparatus ( 1 ) and a quantum detection device ( 2 ) from which quantum data is read, the downhole portion ( 20 ) includes an electromagnetic wave transmission system ( 3 ) configured for encoding a signal detected from a downhole and transmitting the signal through an electromagnetic wave. The apparatus has the characteristics of high detection sensitivity, wide operation temperature range, low operation energy consumption, small occupied volume, large channel width, high transmission rate and low cost, and has obvious advantages in terms of wireless transmission of downhole-to-ground data communication.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A downhole-to-ground logging communication and control apparatus, comprising a ground portion and a downhole portion, wherein the ground portion is provided with an atomic magnetometer receiving apparatus and a quantum detection device from which quantum data is read, the downhole portion comprises an electromagnetic wave transmission system, and the electromagnetic wave transmission system is configured for encoding a signal detected from a downhole and transmitting the signal through an electromagnetic wave. 
     
     
         2 . The downhole-to-ground logging communication and control apparatus according to  claim 1 , wherein the atomic magnetometer receiving apparatus and the quantum detection device from which the quantum data is read are connected through a cable. 
     
     
         3 . The downhole-to-ground logging communication and control apparatus according to  claim 1 , wherein the atomic magnetometer receiving apparatus is a high-sensitivity  87 Rb atomic magnetometer or a diamond quantum magnetometer, a transmission channel of the atomic magnetometer receiving apparatus covers 0 Hz to 100 Hz, a detectable magnetic field intensity is as low as a magnitude of 10 −12  T, and a background noise is as low as 1 PT/Hz 1/2 , with ultra-high sensitivity and detection signal-to-noise ratio. 
     
     
         4 . The downhole-to-ground logging communication and control apparatus according to  claim 3 , wherein when the atomic magnetometer receiving apparatus is used as a signal receiving apparatus, the electromagnetic wave transmission system is capable of achieving stable signal transmission and detection effects by signal transmission with lower transmission power, thus reducing overall energy consumption of a downhole instrument system. 
     
     
         5 . The downhole-to-ground logging communication and control apparatus according to  claim 1 , further comprising a downhole electromagnetic signal repeater, wherein when a linear distance between the electromagnetic wave transmission system and the atomic magnetometer receiving apparatus is greater than 4 km, the downhole portion is provided with the downhole electromagnetic signal repeater, and a signal transmitted by the electromagnetic wave transmission system is amplified by the electromagnetic signal repeater and then the amplified signal is transmitted to the atomic magnetometer receiving apparatus. 
     
     
         6 . A downhole-to-ground logging communication and control method, comprising:
 encoding and modulating by a downhole electromagnetic wave transmission system information to be transmitted and transmitting the information according to a frequency so that an electromagnetic wave signal is radiated from a borehole to the ground through a stratum,   detecting by an atomic magnetometer located on the ground the electromagnetic wave signal, and recording and decoding the electromagnetic wave signal by a corresponding receiving apparatus, thus realizing a downhole-to-ground communication function.   
     
     
         7 . The downhole-to-ground logging communication and control method according to  claim 6 , wherein high-sensitivity detection and receiving are performed on a low-frequency electromagnetic signal through an atomic magnetometer receiving apparatus, with extremely high signal-to-noise ratio and detection sensitivity, thus being suitable for a downhole-to-ground communication field in detection while drilling. 
     
     
         8 . The downhole-to-ground logging communication and control method according to  claim 6 , wherein an encoding mode of the electromagnetic wave transmission system is set according to requirements, and a transmission frequency of the electromagnetic wave transmission system is within a range of 1 Hz to 100 Hz.