Optimizing medication dosage based on analyte sensor data

Abstract

Methods, apparatuses, and systems are provided for determining whether to administer a medication dose as a single dose or whether to fractionate the single dose to be administered as at least two discrete doses. Embodiments include determining a first analyte level and a first rate of change of the analyte level; determining an initial medication dose based on one or more anticipated subsequent medication doses, the first analyte level relative to an analyte level threshold, and the first rate of change of the analyte level relative to a rate of change threshold; administering the initial medication dose; determining a second analyte level and a second rate of change of the analyte level based on subsequent analyte data; and determining a subsequent medication dose based on the second analyte level relative to the analyte level threshold and the second rate of change relative to the rate of change threshold.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A method for determining a dose of insulin to administer to a user, the method comprising:
 collecting analyte data by an in vivo analyte sensor comprising a portion configured to be positioned in fluid contact with an interstitial fluid of a user;   communicating the collected analyte data to a processor in communication with the in vivo analyte sensor;   determining to administer insulin as more than one dose;   calculating a correction bolus based on the analyte data collected by the in vivo analyte sensor;   calculating a meal bolus based at least on meal information and an insulin to carbohydrate ratio; and   administering a first dose at a first time, wherein the first dose comprises the correction bolus and a percentage of the calculated meal bolus.   
     
     
         2 . The method of  claim 1 , further comprising administering a second dose of insulin at a second time after the first time. 
     
     
         3 . The method of  claim 2 , wherein the second dose is calculated based at least in part on the first dose. 
     
     
         4 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the correction bolus is further calculated based on an insulin sensitivity factor. 
     
     
         5 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein determining to administer insulin as more than one dose comprises prompting the user, via a receiver in communication with the in vivo analyte sensor, to administer insulin as more than one dose, and receiving a response at an input of the receiver to administer the insulin as more than one dose. 
     
     
         6 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the percentage of the calculated meal bolus is 70% of the calculated meal bolus. 
     
     
         7 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the first dose is reduced by an amount of insulin on board. 
     
     
         8 . The method of  claim 1 , further comprising prompting the user, via a receiver in communication with the in vivo analyte sensor, to administer the first dose at the first time, and administering the first dose upon receipt of a user input of the receiver. 
     
     
         9 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the meal information comprises a carbohydrate estimate. 
     
     
         10 . A system for determining a dose of insulin to administer to a user, the system comprising:
 a processor coupled to a memory, wherein the memory stores instructions for determining the dose of insulin to administer to the user, and wherein when the instructions are executed by the processor, the processor is caused to:
 receive analyte data from an in vivo analyte sensor comprising a portion positioned in fluid contact with an interstitial fluid of a user; 
 determine to administer insulin as more than one dose; 
 calculate a correction bolus based on the analyte data collected by the in vivo analyte sensor; 
 calculate a meal bolus based at least on meal information and an insulin to carbohydrate ratio; and 
 cause administration of a first dose at a first time by an insulin delivery device in communication with the processor, wherein the first dose comprises the correction bolus and a percentage of the calculated meal bolus. 
   
     
     
         11 . The system of  claim 10 , wherein the processor is further configured to cause administration of a second dose of insulin at a second time after the first time. 
     
     
         12 . The system of  claim 10 , wherein the processor is further caused to prompt the user to administer insulin as more than one dose, and wherein the determination to administer insulin as more than one dose comprises receiving a response by the receiver to administer the insulin as more than one dose. 
     
     
         13 . The system of  claim 10 , wherein the first dose is reduced by an amount of insulin on board. 
     
     
         14 . The system of  claim 10 , wherein the processor is further caused to prompt the user to administer the first dose at the first time, and wherein the first dose is administered based on receipt of a user input. 
     
     
         15 . The system of  claim 10 , wherein the meal information comprises a carbohydrate estimate. 
     
     
         16 . The system of  claim 10 , wherein the insulin delivery device comprises a pen. 
     
     
         17 . The system of  claim 10 , wherein the insulin delivery device comprises an infusion pump. 
     
     
         18 . The system of  claim 10 , wherein a receiver in communication with the in vivo analyte sensor comprises the processor. 
     
     
         19 . The system of  claim 10 , wherein the insulin delivery device comprises the processor. 
     
     
         20 . A non-transitory computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon that, when executed by at least one computing device, cause the at least one computing device to perform operations comprising:
 receiving analyte data from an in vivo analyte sensor comprising a portion positioned in fluid contact with an interstitial fluid of a user;   determining to administer insulin as more than one dose;   calculating a correction bolus based on the analyte data received from the in vivo analyte sensor;   calculating a meal bolus based at least on meal information and an insulin to carbohydrate ratio; and   administering a first dose at a first time, wherein the first dose comprises the correction bolus and a percentage of the calculated meal bolus.