US2023221039A1PendingUtilityA1
Method and apparatus for measuring carbon emission of district heating system, electronic device, and medium
Est. expiryJan 7, 2042(~15.4 yrs left)· nominal 20-yr term from priority
F24H 15/104F24H 15/238F24H 15/479F24H 15/421F24H 15/212
54
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Claims
Abstract
The present disclosure discloses a method and apparatus for measuring carbon emission of a district heating system, an electronic device, and a medium. The method includes: obtaining a steady carbon emission amount of a current district heating system using a pre-trained steady carbon emission flow model; obtaining a dynamic carbon emission amount of the current district heating system using a pre-trained dynamic carbon emission flow model; and counting a carbon emission amount of the current district heating system based on the steady carbon emission amount and the dynamic carbon emission amount. Therefore, the present disclosure can effectively identify carbon emission details of each link of a source, a grid, and a load of the district heating system, clarify carbon emission responsibilities on both a source side and a load side, and realize accurate measurement of carbon emission of the district heating system, which has high application value.
Claims
exact text as granted — not AI-modifiedWhat is claimed is:
1 . A method for measuring carbon emission of a district heating system, the method comprising:
obtaining a steady carbon emission amount of a current district heating system using a pre-trained steady carbon emission flow model, wherein the pre-trained steady carbon emission flow model is constructed based on a pipeline carbon flow rate, network loss carbon emission, a nodal carbon flow density, a pipeline carbon flow density, a heat source carbon flow rate, and a heat load carbon flow rate of the current district heating system; obtaining a dynamic carbon emission amount of the current district heating system using a pre-trained dynamic carbon emission flow model, wherein the pre-trained dynamic carbon emission flow model is constructed based on water element carbon flow rates at a plurality of time periods, actual outlet carbon flow rates of a pipeline at the plurality of time periods, network loss carbon flow rates at the plurality of time periods, and nodal carbon flow densities at the plurality of time periods of the current district heating system; and counting a carbon emission amount of the current district heating system based on the steady carbon emission amount and the dynamic carbon emission amount.
2 . The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:
constructing the steady carbon emission flow model of the district heating system based on the pipeline carbon flow rate, the network loss carbon emission, the nodal carbon flow density, the pipeline carbon flow density, the heat source carbon flow rate, and the heat load carbon flow rate of the district heating system, wherein said constructing the steady carbon emission flow model of the district heating system based on the pipeline carbon flow rate, the network loss carbon emission, the nodal carbon flow density, the pipeline carbon flow density, the heat source carbon flow rate, and the heat load carbon flow rate of the district heating system is:
determining the pipeline carbon flow rate of the district heating system comprising a carbon flow rate of a water supply network and a carbon flow rate of a water return network, the carbon flow rate of the water supply network being:
R k BHS,in =ρ k BHS cm k S T k S,in ,∀k∈Ω BH
R k BHS,out =ρ k BHS cm k S T k S,out ,∀k∈Ω BH ,
where R k BHS,in and R k BHS,out represent an inlet carbon flow rate and an outlet carbon flow rate of a pipeline k in the water supply network, respectively, unit: tCO 2 /h; ρ k BHS represents a carbon flow density of the pipeline k in the water supply network, unit: tCO 2 /MWh; c represents a specific heat capacity of water, unit: MWh/(kg·° C.); m k S represents a mass flow of the pipeline k in the water supply network, unit: kg/h; T k S,in and T k S,out represent an inlet temperature and an outlet temperature of the pipeline k in the water supply network, unit: ° C.; and Ω BH represents a set of pipelines in the district heating system; and
the carbon flow rate of the water return network being:
R k BHR,in =ρ k BHR cm k R T k R,in ,∀k∈Ω BH
R k BHR,out =ρ k BHR cm k R T k R,out ,∀k∈Ω BH ,
where R k BHR,in and R k BHR,out represent an inlet carbon flow rate and an outlet carbon flow rate of a pipeline k in the water return network, respectively, unit: tCO 2 /h; ρ k BHR represents a carbon flow density of the pipeline k in the water return network, unit: tCO 2 /h; m k R represents a mass flow of the pipeline k in the water return network, unit: kg/h; and T k R,in and T k R,out represent an inlet temperature and an outlet temperature of the pipeline k in the water return network, unit: ° C.;
determining the network loss carbon emission of the district heating system comprising a network loss carbon flow rate of the water supply network and a network loss carbon flow rate of the water return network, said determining the network loss carbon emission of the district heating system being:
determining a temperature difference of a pipeline in the water supply network and a temperature difference of a pipeline in the water return network:
T k S,Loss =T k S,in −T k S,out
T k R,Loss =T k R,in −T k R,out ,
where T k S,Loss and T k R,Loss represent a temperature difference between both ends of the pipeline k in the water supply network and a temperature difference between both ends of the pipeline k in the water return network, respectively, unit: ° C.; and
determining the network loss carbon flow rate of the water supply network and the network loss carbon flow rate of the water return network:
R k BHS,Loss =ρ k BHS cm k S T k S,Loss ,∀k∈Ω BH
R k BHR,Loss =ρ k BHR cm k R T k R,Loss ,∀k∈Ω BH ,
where R k BHS,Loss and R k BHR,Loss represent a network loss carbon flow rate of the pipeline k in the water supply network and a network loss carbon flow rate of the pipeline k in the water return network, respectively, unit: tCO 2 /h;
determining the nodal carbon flow density of the district heating system, said determining the nodal carbon flow density of the district heating system comprising:
determining, for each node in the district heating system, that conservation of mass and conservation of energy are satisfied at the node:
m
n
S
=
∑
k
∈
Ω
n
B
H
+
m
k
S
,
∀
n
∈
Ω
N
H
T
n
S
m
n
S
=
∑
k
∈
Ω
n
B
H
+
T
k
S
,
o
u
t
m
k
S
,
∀
n
∈
Ω
N
H
,
where m n S represents a total mass flow flowing through a node n in the water supply network, unit: kg/h; Ω n BH+ represents a set of injection pipelines at the node n in the water supply network; Ω NH represents a set of nodes in the district heating system; and T n S represents a water flow temperature of the node n in the water supply network, unit: ° C.;
determining, for each node in the district heating system, that conservation of carbon emission is satisfied at the node, a carbon flow rate of the node n being equal to a sum of outlet carbon flow rates of all the injection pipelines and network loss carbon flow rates allocated to the injection pipelines;
R
n
N
H
S
=
∑
k
∈
Ω
n
B
H
+
(
R
k
B
H
S
,
o
u
t
+
XR
k
BHS
,
Loss
)
=
∑
k
∈
Ω
n
B
H
+
ρ
k
BHS
c
m
k
S
(
T
k
S
,
o
u
t
+
X
T
k
S
,
Loss
)
,
∀
n
∈
Ω
N
H
,
where R n NHS represents the carbon flow rate of the node n in the water supply network, unit: tCO 2 /h; and X represents an allocating coefficient of a network loss carbon flow rate of an injection pipeline;
determining a carbon flow density of the node n in the water supply network:
ρ
n
N
H
S
=
R
n
N
H
S
c
m
n
S
T
n
S
=
∑
k
∈
Ω
n
B
H
+
ρ
k
B
H
S
m
k
S
(
T
k
S
,
out
+
X
T
k
S
,
Loss
)
∑
k
∈
Ω
n
B
H
+
m
k
S
T
k
S
,
out
,
∀
n
∈
Ω
N
H
,
where ρ n NHS represents the carbon flow density of the node n in the water supply network, unit: tCO 2 /MWh; and
determining a carbon flow density of the node n in the water return network:
ρ
n
N
H
R
=
∑
k
∈
Ω
n
BH
-
ρ
k
B
H
R
m
k
R
(
T
k
R
,
out
+
XT
k
R
,
Loss
)
∑
k
∈
Ω
n
BH
-
m
k
R
T
k
R
,
out
,
∀
n
∈
Ω
N
H
,
where ρ n NHR represents the carbon flow density of the node n in the water return network, unit: tCO 2 /MWh; and Ω n BH− represents a set of outflow pipelines at the node n in the water supply network;
determining the pipeline carbon flow density of the district heating system:
ρ k BHS =ρ n NHS ,n=Γ k NH+ ,∀k∈Ω BH
ρ k BHR =ρ n NHR ,n=Γ k NH− ,∀k∈Ω BH ,
where Γ k NH+ and Γ k NH+ represent an injection node and an outflow node of the pipeline k in the water supply network, respectively;
determining the heat source carbon flow rate of the district heating system, said determining the heat source carbon flow rate of the district heating system comprising:
determining a heat output of a heat source:
Q i =cm n S ( T n S −T n R ), n=Γ i NH ,∀i∈Ω GH ,
where Q i represents a heat output of a heat source i, unit: MW; Γ i NH represents a node where the heat source i is located; and Ω GH represents a set of heat sources; and
determining that conservation of carbon emission at a heat source node is satisfied:
ρ n NHS cm n S T n S =ρ i GH Q i +ρ n NHR cm k S T k R ,n=Γ i NH ,∀i∈Ω GH ,
where ρ i GH represents a carbon flow density of the heat source i, unit: tCO 2 /MWh; and
determining the heat load carbon flow rate of the district heating system, said determining the heat load carbon flow rate of the district heating system comprising:
determining a heat load demand:
q j =cm n S ( T n S −T n R ), n=Γ j NH ,∀j∈Ω LH ,
where q j represents a heat demand of a heat load j, unit: MW; Γ j NH represents a node where the heat load j is located; and Ω LH represents a set of heat loads;
determining a carbon flow density of a heat load node:
ρ n NHR =ρ n NHS ,n=Γ j NH ,∀j∈Ω LH ; and
determining the heat load carbon flow rate:
R j LH =ρ n NHS q j =ρ n NHS cm n S ( T n S −T n R ), n=Γ j NH ,∀j∈Ω LH ,
where R j LH represents a carbon flow rate of the heat load j, unit: tCO 2 /h.
3 . The method according to claim 2 , further comprising: calculating a matrix representation of the steady carbon emission flow model of the district heating system.
4 . The method according to claim 3 , wherein said calculating the matrix representation of the steady carbon emission flow model of the district heating system comprises:
constructing a branch heat flow matrix, a branch network loss matrix, and a nodal heat flow flux matrix of the district heating system; and calculating a nodal carbon flow density vector of a heat network, and then calculating a branch carbon flow rate matrix, a network loss carbon flow rate matrix, and a load carbon flow rate vector of each of the water supply network and the water return network.
5 . The method according to claim 4 , wherein said calculating the matrix representation of the steady carbon emission flow model of the district heating system comprises:
constructing the branch heat flow matrix of the district heating system comprising a branch heat flow matrix of the water supply network and a branch heat flow matrix of the water return network, wherein said constructing the branch heat flow matrix of the district heating system comprises:
determining elements of the branch heat flow matrix of the water supply network:
Q B,ij S =cm k S T k S,out ,Q B,ji S =0,
where Q B,ij S and Q B,ji S represent elements in a branch heat flow matrix Q B S of the water supply network; and
determining elements of the branch heat flow matrix of the water return network:
Q B,ij R =cm k R T k R,out ,Q B,ji R =0,
where Q B,ij R and Q B,ji R represent elements in a branch heat flow matrix Q B R of the water return network;
constructing the branch network loss matrix of the district heating system comprising a branch network loss matrix of the water supply network and a branch network loss matrix of the water return network, wherein said constructing the branch network loss matrix of the district heating system comprises:
determining elements of the branch network loss matrix of the water supply network:
Q BL,ij S =cm k S T k S,Loss ,Q BL,ji S =0
where Q BL,ij S and Q BL,ji S represent elements in a branch network loss matrix Q BL S of the water supply network; and
determining elements of the branch network loss matrix of the water return network:
Q BL,ij R =cm k R T k R,Loss ,Q BL,ji R =0,
where Q BL,ij R and Q BL,ji R represent elements in a branch network loss matrix Q BL R of the water return network;
constructing the nodal heat flow flux matrix of the district heating system comprising a nodal heat flow flux matrix of the water supply network and a nodal heat flow flux matrix of the water return network, wherein said constructing the nodal heat flow flux matrix of the district heating system comprises:
determining, for a node in no connection to the heat source, the nodal heat flow flux matrix of the water supply network:
Q N S =diag{ζ N NH Q B S },
where Q N S represents the nodal heat flow flux matrix of the water supply network; ζ N NH represents a coefficient matrix of a branch heat flow; and N NH represents a number of nodes of the district heating system;
determining, for a node in no connection to the heat source, the nodal heat flow flux matrix of the water return network:
Q N R =diag{ζ N NH Q B R },
where Q N R represents the nodal heat flow flux matrix of the water return network;
determining, for a node connected to the heat source, a nodal integrated energy flow flux matrix:
{circumflex over (Q)} N S =diag{ζ N NH Q B S +ζ N GH Q G },
where {circumflex over (Q)} N S represents the nodal integrated energy flow flux matrix; ζ N GH represents a coefficient matrix of a heat flow injected by the heat source; and N GH represents a number of heat sources of the district heating system;
determining, for all nodes, that a total injected carbon emission of the nodes is equal to a sum of injected carbon flow rates of all branches connected to the nodes:
Q N S ρ NHS =( Q B S +XQ BL S ) T ρ NHS
Q N R ρ NHR =( Q B R +XQ BL R ) T ρ NHR ,
where ρ NHS represents a matrix formed by the carbon flow density ρ n NHS of the node n in the water supply network; and ρ NHR represents a matrix formed by the carbon flow density ρ n NHR of the node n in the water return network; determining, for the heat load node, that the heat load node has an equal carbon flow density in the water supply network and the water return network:
Bρ NHS =Bρ NHR ,
where B represents a heat load-node association matrix, when the heat load j is connected to the node n, B jn =1, otherwise B jn =0; determining, for the heat source node, a matrix relation of the heat source node based on a conservation of carbon emission as:
C{circumflex over (Q)} N S ρ NHS =CQ N R ρ NHR +Q G T ρ GH ,
where C represents a 0-1 matrix associated with the heat source node, when the node n is connected to the heat source, C nn =1, otherwise C nn =0; determining the nodal carbon flow density vector of the heat network as:
[
ρ
NHS
ρ
N
H
R
]
=
[
Q
N
S
-
(
Q
B
S
+
X
Q
B
L
S
)
T
0
0
Q
N
R
-
(
Q
B
R
+
XQ
B
L
R
)
T
B
-
B
C
Q
ˆ
N
S
-
C
Q
N
R
]
-
1
[
0
0
0
Q
G
T
ρ
G
H
]
;
and
calculating the branch carbon flow rate matrix, the network loss carbon flow rate matrix, and the load carbon flow rate vector of each of the water supply network and the water return network.
6 . The method according to claim 5 , further comprising:
constructing the dynamic carbon emission flow model of the district heating system based on the water element carbon flow rates at the plurality of time periods, the actual outlet carbon flow rates of the pipeline at the plurality of time periods, the network loss carbon flow rates at the plurality of time periods, and the nodal carbon flow densities at the plurality of time periods, wherein said constructing the dynamic carbon emission flow model of the district heating system based on the water element carbon flow rates at the plurality of time periods, the actual outlet carbon flow rates of the pipeline at the plurality of time periods, the network loss carbon flow rates at the plurality of time periods, and the nodal carbon flow densities at the plurality of time periods is:
determining the water element carbon flow rates at the plurality of time periods:
R
~
k
,
t
BHS
,
out
=
R
k
,
t
-
δ
k
,
t
BHS
,
i
n
(
B
k
,
t
-
σ
M
k
)
(
m
k
,
t
-
δ
k
,
t
S
Δ
t
)
+
∑
τ
=
t
-
φ
k
,
t
+
1
t
-
δ
k
,
t
-
1
R
k
,
τ
BHS
,
i
n
+
R
k
,
t
-
δ
k
,
t
BHS
,
i
n
(
m
k
,
t
S
Δ
t
+
σ
M
k
-
A
k
,
t
)
(
m
k
,
t
-
φ
k
,
t
S
Δ
t
)
,
where {tilde over (R)} k,t BHS,out represents a water element carbon flow rate at a time period t; σ represents a density of water; M k represents a volume of the pipeline k; φ k,t represents an injection time period of an earliest water element component contained in a water flow flowing out of the pipeline k at the time period t; δ k,t represents an injection time period of a latest water element component contained in the water flow flowing out of the pipeline k at the time period t; A k,t represents a total injection water flow amount for φ k,t time periods before the time period t; B k,t represents a total injection water flow amount from a time period t−δ k,t to the time period t; and expressions for A k,t and B k,t are:
A
k
,
t
=
{
∑
τ
=
t
-
φ
k
,
t
+
1
t
m
k
,
τ
S
Δ
t
,
φ
k
,
t
≥
δ
k
,
t
+
1
B
k
,
t
,
φ
k
,
t
<
δ
k
,
t
+
1
,
B
k
,
t
=
∑
τ
=
t
-
δ
k
,
t
t
m
k
,
τ
S
Δ
t
;
and
determining the actual outlet carbon flow rates of the pipeline at the plurality of time periods and the network loss carbon flow rates at the plurality of time periods, said determining the actual outlet carbon flow rates of the pipeline at the plurality of time periods and the network loss carbon flow rates at the plurality of time periods comprising:
calculating an actual temperature of an outlet water flow of the pipeline based on a conveying loss of the pipeline:
T
k
,
t
S
,
out
=
T
˜
k
,
t
S
,
out
exp
(
-
λ
L
k
cm
k
,
t
S
)
,
where T k,t S,out represents the actual temperature of the outlet water flow of the pipeline; {tilde over (T)} k,t S,out represents a weighted average of temperatures of injection water flows at previous time periods; λ represents a thermal conductivity coefficient of the pipeline; and L k represents a length of the pipeline k;
determining an actual outlet carbon flow rate of the pipeline at the time period t:
R
k
,
t
BHS
,
out
=
R
~
k
,
t
BHS
,
out
T
k
,
t
S
,
out
T
~
k
,
t
S
,
o
u
t
;
and
determining a network loss carbon flow rate of the pipeline at the time period t:
R
k
,
t
BHS
,
Loss
=
R
˜
k
,
t
BHS
,
Loss
(
1
-
T
k
,
t
S
,
out
T
~
k
,
t
S
,
out
)
;
determining the nodal carbon flow densities at the plurality of time periods:
ρ
n
,
t
N
H
S
=
∑
k
∈
Ω
n
B
H
+
(
R
k
,
t
BHS
,
out
+
X
R
k
,
t
BHS
,
Loss
)
∑
k
∈
Ω
n
B
H
+
c
m
k
,
t
S
T
k
,
t
S
,
out
;
and
determining, for the water return network, the nodal carbon flow densities at the plurality of time periods:
ρ
n
,
t
NHR
=
∑
k
∈
Ω
n
BH
-
(
R
k
,
t
BHR
,
out
+
X
R
k
,
t
BHR
,
Loss
)
∑
k
∈
Ω
n
BH
-
c
m
k
,
t
R
T
k
,
t
R
,
out
.
7 . An apparatus for measuring carbon emission of a district heating system, the apparatus comprising:
a plurality of heat source-side carbon meters, wherein each of the plurality of heat source-side carbon meters is connected to a heat source and configured to measure heat source-side carbon emission; a plurality of heat pipeline carbon meters, wherein each of the plurality of heat pipeline carbon meters is connected to a heat pipeline and the heat source-side carbon meter, and the heat pipeline carbon emission meter is configured to measure heat pipeline carbon emission; a plurality of user-side carbon meters, wherein each of the plurality of user-side carbon meters has one end connected to a heat user end and another end connected to the heat pipeline carbon meter, and is configured to obtain a carbon potential of a node where a user is located and obtain a carbon emission amount resulted from heat consumption of the user; and a central server, wherein the central server is connected to the plurality of heat source-side carbon meters and the plurality of heat pipeline carbon meters, and configured to calculate a carbon emission intensity of the heat source based on coal consumption data of the heat source and an emission coefficient of the coal, calculate a distribution of a carbon emission flow in the heat pipeline, and calculate a carbon emission amount corresponding to a pipeline connected to the node based on data of the heat pipeline carbon meter.
8 . The apparatus according to claim 7 , wherein each of the heat source-side carbon meter, the heat pipeline carbon meter, and the user-side carbon meter is further configured to display in real time a result of the carbon emission of the district heating system calculated by the central server.
9 . An electronic device, comprising:
a memory; a processor; and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor, when executing the computer program, implements: obtaining a steady carbon emission amount of a current district heating system using a pre-trained steady carbon emission flow model, wherein the pre-trained steady carbon emission flow model is constructed based on a pipeline carbon flow rate, network loss carbon emission, a nodal carbon flow density, a pipeline carbon flow density, a heat source carbon flow rate, and a heat load carbon flow rate of the current district heating system; obtaining a dynamic carbon emission amount of the current district heating system using a pre-trained dynamic carbon emission flow model, wherein the pre-trained dynamic carbon emission flow model is constructed based on water element carbon flow rates at a plurality of time periods, actual outlet carbon flow rates of a pipeline at the plurality of time periods, network loss carbon flow rates at the plurality of time periods, and nodal carbon flow densities at the plurality of time periods of the current district heating system; and counting a carbon emission amount of the current district heating system based on the steady carbon emission amount and the dynamic carbon emission amount.
10 . The electronic device according to claim 9 , further comprising:
constructing the steady carbon emission flow model of the district heating system based on the pipeline carbon flow rate, the network loss carbon emission, the nodal carbon flow density, the pipeline carbon flow density, the heat source carbon flow rate, and the heat load carbon flow rate of the district heating system, wherein said constructing the steady carbon emission flow model of the district heating system based on the pipeline carbon flow rate, the network loss carbon emission, the nodal carbon flow density, the pipeline carbon flow density, the heat source carbon flow rate, and the heat load carbon flow rate of the district heating system is:
determining the pipeline carbon flow rate of the district heating system comprising a carbon flow rate of a water supply network and a carbon flow rate of a water return network, the carbon flow rate of the water supply network being:
R k BHS,in =ρ k BHS cm k S T k S,in ,∀k∈Ω BH
R k BHS,out =ρ k BHS cm k S T k S,out ,∀k∈Ω BH ,
where R k BHS,in and R k BHS,out represent an inlet carbon flow rate and an outlet carbon flow rate of a pipeline k in the water supply network, respectively, unit: tCO 2 /h; ρ k BHS represents a carbon flow density of the pipeline k in the water supply network, unit: tCO 2 /MWh; c represents a specific heat capacity of water, unit: MWh/(kg·° C.); m k S represents a mass flow of the pipeline k in the water supply network, unit: kg/h; T k S,in and T k S,out represent an inlet temperature and an outlet temperature of the pipeline k in the water supply network, unit: ° C.; and Ω BH represents a set of pipelines in the district heating system; and
the carbon flow rate of the water return network being:
R k BHR,in =ρ k BHR cm k R T k R,in ,∀k∈Ω BH
R k BHR,out =ρ k BHR cm k R T k R,out ,∀k∈Ω BH ,
where R k BHR,in and R k BHR,out represent an inlet carbon flow rate and an outlet carbon flow rate of a pipeline k in the water return network, respectively, unit: tCO 2 /h; ρ k BHR represents a carbon flow density of the pipeline k in the water return network, unit: tCO 2 /h; m k R represents a mass flow of the pipeline k in the water return network, unit: kg/h; and T k R,in and T k R,out represent an inlet temperature and an outlet temperature of the pipeline k in the water return network, unit: ° C.;
determining the network loss carbon emission of the district heating system comprising a network loss carbon flow rate of the water supply network and a network loss carbon flow rate of the water return network, said determining the network loss carbon emission of the district heating system being:
determining a temperature difference of a pipeline in the water supply network and a temperature difference of a pipeline in the water return network:
T k S,Loss =T k S,in −T k S,out
T k R,Loss =T k R,in −T k R,out ,
where T k S,Loss and T k R,Loss represent a temperature difference between both ends of the pipeline k in the water supply network and a temperature difference between both ends of the pipeline k in the water return network, respectively, unit: ° C.; and
determining the network loss carbon flow rate of the water supply network and the network loss carbon flow rate of the water return network:
R k BHS,Loss =ρ k BHS cm k S T k S,Loss ,∀k∈Ω BH
R k BHR,Loss =ρ k BHR cm k R T k R,Loss ,∀k∈Ω BH ,
where R k BHS,Loss and R k BHR,Loss represent a network loss carbon flow rate of the pipeline k in the water supply network and a network loss carbon flow rate of the pipeline k in the water return network, respectively, unit: tCO 2 /h;
determining the nodal carbon flow density of the district heating system, said determining the nodal carbon flow density of the district heating system comprising:
determining, for each node in the district heating system, that conservation of mass and conservation of energy are satisfied at the node:
m
n
S
=
∑
k
∈
Ω
n
B
H
+
m
k
S
,
∀
n
∈
Ω
N
H
T
n
S
m
n
S
=
∑
k
∈
Ω
n
B
H
+
T
k
S
,
o
u
t
m
k
S
,
∀
n
∈
Ω
N
H
,
where m n S represents a total mass flow flowing through a node n in the water supply network, unit: kg/h; Ω n BH+ represents a set of injection pipelines at the node n in the water supply network; Ω NH represents a set of nodes in the district heating system; and T n S represents a water flow temperature of the node n in the water supply network, unit: ° C.;
determining, for each node in the district heating system, that conservation of carbon emission is satisfied at the node, a carbon flow rate of the node n being equal to a sum of outlet carbon flow rates of all the injection pipelines and network loss carbon flow rates allocated to the injection pipelines;
R
n
N
H
S
=
∑
k
∈
Ω
n
B
H
+
(
R
k
B
H
S
,
o
u
t
+
XR
k
BHS
,
Loss
)
=
∑
k
∈
Ω
n
B
H
+
ρ
k
BHS
cm
k
S
(
T
k
S
,
o
u
t
+
X
T
k
S
,
Loss
)
,
∀
n
∈
Ω
N
H
,
where R n NHS represents the carbon flow rate of the node n in the water supply network, unit: tCO 2 /h; and X represents an allocating coefficient of a network loss carbon flow rate of an injection pipeline;
determining a carbon flow density of the node n in the water supply
ρ
n
N
H
S
=
R
n
N
H
S
c
m
n
S
T
n
S
=
∑
k
∈
Ω
n
B
H
+
ρ
k
B
H
S
m
k
S
(
T
k
S
,
out
+
X
T
k
S
,
Loss
)
∑
k
∈
Ω
n
B
H
+
m
k
S
T
k
S
,
out
,
∀
n
∈
Ω
N
H
,
where R n NHS represents the carbon flow density of the node n in the water supply network, unit: tCO 2 /MWh; and
determining a carbon flow density of the node n in the water return network:
ρ
n
N
H
R
=
∑
k
∈
Ω
n
BH
-
ρ
k
B
H
R
m
k
R
(
T
k
R
,
out
+
XT
k
R
,
Loss
)
∑
k
∈
Ω
n
BH
-
m
k
R
T
k
R
,
out
,
∀
n
∈
Ω
N
H
,
where ρ n NHR represents the carbon flow density of the node n in the water return network, unit: tCO 2 /MWh; and Ω n BH− represents a set of outflow pipelines at the node n in the water supply network;
determining the pipeline carbon flow density of the district heating system:
ρ k BHS =ρ n NHS ,n=Γ k NH+ ,∀k∈Ω BH
ρ k BHR =ρ n NHR ,n=Γ k NH− ,∀k∈Ω BH ,
where Γ k NH+ and Γ k NH+ represent an injection node and an outflow node of the pipeline k in the water supply network, respectively;
determining the heat source carbon flow rate of the district heating system, said determining the heat source carbon flow rate of the district heating system comprising:
determining a heat output of a heat source:
Q i =cm n S ( T n S −T n R ), n=Γ i NH ,∀i∈Ω GH ,
where Q i represents a heat output of a heat source i, unit: MW; Γ i NH represents a node where the heat source i is located; and Ω GH represents a set of heat sources; and
determining that conservation of carbon emission at a heat source node is satisfied:
ρ n NHS cm n S T n S =ρ i GH Q i +ρ n NHR cm n S T n R ,n=Γ i NH ,∀i∈ΩGH,
where ρ i GH represents a carbon flow density of the heat source i, unit:
tCO 2 /MWh; and
determining the heat load carbon flow rate of the district heating system, said determining the heat load carbon flow rate of the district heating system comprising:
determining a heat load demand:
q j =cm n S ( T n S −T n R ), n=Γ j NH ,∀j∈Ω LH ,
where q j represents a heat demand of a heat load j, unit: MW; Γ j NH represents a node where the heat load j is located; and Ω LH represents a set of heat loads;
determining a carbon flow density of a heat load node:
ρ n NHR =ρ n NHS ,n=Γ j NH ,∀j∈Ω LH ; and
determining the heat load carbon flow rate:
R j LH =ρ n NHS q j =ρ n NHS cm n S ( T n S −T n R ), n=Γ j NH ,∀j∈Ω LH ,
where R j LH represents a carbon flow rate of the heat load j, unit: tCO 2 /h.
11 . The electronic device according to claim 10 , further comprising: calculating a matrix representation of the steady carbon emission flow model of the district heating system.
12 . The electronic device according to claim 11 , wherein said calculating the matrix representation of the steady carbon emission flow model of the district heating system comprises:
constructing a branch heat flow matrix, a branch network loss matrix, and a nodal heat flow flux matrix of the district heating system; and calculating a nodal carbon flow density vector of a heat network, and then calculating a branch carbon flow rate matrix, a network loss carbon flow rate matrix, and a load carbon flow rate vector of each of the water supply network and the water return network.
13 . The electronic device according to claim 12 , wherein said calculating the matrix representation of the steady carbon emission flow model of the district heating system comprises:
constructing the branch heat flow matrix of the district heating system comprising a branch heat flow matrix of the water supply network and a branch heat flow matrix of the water return network, wherein said constructing the branch heat flow matrix of the district heating system comprises:
determining elements of the branch heat flow matrix of the water supply network:
Q B,ij S =cm k S T k S,out ,Q B,ji S =0,
where Q B,ij S and Q B,ji S represent elements in a branch heat flow matrix Q B S of the water supply network; and
determining elements of the branch heat flow matrix of the water return network:
Q B,ij R =cm k R T k R,out ,Q B,ji R =0,
where Q B,ij R and Q B,ji R represent elements in a branch heat flow matrix Q B R of the water return network;
constructing the branch network loss matrix of the district heating system comprising a branch network loss matrix of the water supply network and a branch network loss matrix of the water return network, wherein said constructing the branch network loss matrix of the district heating system comprises:
determining elements of the branch network loss matrix of the water supply network:
Q BL,ij S =cm k S T k S,Loss ,Q BL,ji S =0,
where Q BL,ij S and Q BL,ji S represent elements in a branch network loss matrix Q BL S of the water supply network; and
determining elements of the branch network loss matrix of the water return network:
Q BL,ij R =cm k R T k R,Loss ,Q BL,ji R =0,
where Q BL,ij R and Q BL,ji R represent elements in a branch network loss matrix Q BL R of the water return network;
constructing the nodal heat flow flux matrix of the district heating system comprising a nodal heat flow flux matrix of the water supply network and a nodal heat flow flux matrix of the water return network, wherein said constructing the nodal heat flow flux matrix of the district heating system comprises:
determining, for a node in no connection to the heat source, the nodal heat flow flux matrix of the water supply network:
Q N S =diag{ζ N NH Q B S },
where Q N S represents the nodal heat flow flux matrix of the water supply network; ζ N NH represents a coefficient matrix of a branch heat flow; and N NH represents a number of nodes of the district heating system;
determining, for a node in no connection to the heat source, the nodal heat flow flux matrix of the water return network:
Q N R =diag{ζ N NH Q B R },
where Q N R represents the nodal heat flow flux matrix of the water return network;
determining, for a node connected to the heat source, a nodal integrated energy flow flux matrix:
{circumflex over (Q)} N S =diag{ζ N NH Q B S +ζ N GH Q G },
where {circumflex over (Q)} N S represents the nodal integrated energy flow flux matrix; ζ N GH represents a coefficient matrix of a heat flow injected by the heat source; and N GH represents a number of heat sources of the district heating system;
determining, for all nodes, that a total injected carbon emission of the nodes is equal to a sum of injected carbon flow rates of all branches connected to the nodes:
Q N S ρ NHS =( Q B S +XQ BL S ) T ρ NHS
Q N R ρ NHR =( Q B R +XQ BL R ) T ρ NHR ,
where ρ NHS represents a matrix formed by the carbon flow density ρ n NHS of the node n in the water supply network; and ρ NHR represents a matrix formed by the carbon flow density ρ n NHR of the node n in the water return network; determining, for the heat load node, that the heat load node has an equal carbon flow density in the water supply network and the water return network:
Bρ NHS =Bρ NHR ,
where B represents a heat load-node association matrix, when the heat load j is connected to the node n, B jn =1, otherwise B jn =0; determining, for the heat source node, a matrix relation of the heat source node based on a conservation of carbon emission as:
C{circumflex over (Q)} N S ρ NHS =CQ N R ρ NHR +Q G T ρ GH ,
where C represents a 0-1 matrix associated with the heat source node, when the node n is connected to the heat source, C nn =1, otherwise C nn =0; determining the nodal carbon flow density vector of the heat network as:
[
ρ
N
H
S
ρ
N
H
R
]
=
[
Q
N
S
-
(
Q
B
S
+
X
Q
B
L
S
)
T
0
0
Q
N
R
-
(
Q
B
R
+
XQ
B
L
R
)
T
B
-
B
C
Q
ˆ
N
S
-
C
Q
N
R
]
-
1
[
0
0
0
Q
G
T
ρ
G
H
]
;
calculating the branch carbon flow rate matrix, the network loss carbon flow rate matrix, and the load carbon flow rate vector of each of the water supply network and the water return network.
14 . The electronic device according to claim 13 , further comprising:
constructing the dynamic carbon emission flow model of the district heating system based on the water element carbon flow rates at the plurality of time periods, the actual outlet carbon flow rates of the pipeline at the plurality of time periods, the network loss carbon flow rates at the plurality of time periods, and the nodal carbon flow densities at the plurality of time periods, wherein said constructing the dynamic carbon emission flow model of the district heating system based on the water element carbon flow rates at the plurality of time periods, the actual outlet carbon flow rates of the pipeline at the plurality of time periods, the network loss carbon flow rates at the plurality of time periods, and the nodal carbon flow densities at the plurality of time periods is:
determining the water element carbon flow rates at the plurality of time periods:
R
˜
k
,
t
BHS
,
out
=
R
k
,
t
-
δ
k
,
t
BHS
,
in
(
B
k
,
t
-
σ
M
k
)
(
m
k
,
t
-
δ
k
,
t
S
Δ
t
)
+
∑
τ
=
t
-
φ
k
,
t
+
1
t
-
δ
k
,
t
-
1
R
k
,
τ
BHS
,
in
+
R
k
,
t
-
δ
k
,
t
BHS
,
in
(
m
k
,
t
S
Δ
t
+
σ
M
k
-
A
k
,
t
)
(
m
k
,
t
-
φ
k
,
t
S
Δ
t
)
,
where {tilde over (R)} k,t BHS,out represents a water element carbon flow rate at a time period t; σ represents a density of water; M k represents a volume of the pipeline k; φ k,t represents an injection time period of an earliest water element component contained in a water flow flowing out of the pipeline k at the time period t; δ k,t represents an injection time period of a latest water element component contained in the water flow flowing out of the pipeline k at the time period t; A k,t represents a total injection water flow amount for φ k,t time periods before the time period t; B k,t represents a total injection water flow amount from a time period t−δ k,t to the time period t; and expressions for A k,t and B k,t are:
A
k
,
t
=
{
∑
τ
=
t
-
φ
k
,
t
+
1
t
m
k
,
τ
S
Δ
t
,
φ
k
,
t
≥
δ
k
,
t
+
1
B
k
,
t
,
φ
k
,
t
<
δ
k
,
t
+
1
,
B
k
,
t
=
∑
τ
=
t
-
δ
k
,
t
t
m
k
,
τ
S
Δ
t
;
determining the actual outlet carbon flow rates of the pipeline at the plurality of time periods and the network loss carbon flow rates at the plurality of time periods, said determining the actual outlet carbon flow rates of the pipeline at the plurality of time periods and the network loss carbon flow rates at the plurality of time periods comprising:
calculating an actual temperature of an outlet water flow of the pipeline based on a conveying loss of the pipeline:
T
k
,
t
S
,
out
=
T
˜
k
,
t
S
,
out
exp
(
-
λ
L
k
cm
k
,
t
S
)
,
where T k,t S,out represents the actual temperature of the outlet water flow of the pipeline; T k,t S,out represents a weighted average of temperatures of injection water flows at previous time periods; λ represents a thermal conductivity coefficient of the pipeline; and L k represents a length of the pipeline k;
determining an actual outlet carbon flow rate of the pipeline at the time period t:
R
k
,
t
BHS
,
out
=
R
~
k
,
t
BHS
,
out
T
k
,
t
S
,
out
T
~
k
,
t
S
,
out
;
and
determining a network loss carbon flow rate of the pipeline at the time period t:
R
k
,
t
BHS
,
Loss
=
R
~
k
,
t
BHS
,
Loss
(
1
-
T
k
,
t
S
,
out
T
~
k
,
t
S
,
out
)
;
determining the nodal carbon flow densities at the plurality of time periods:
ρ
n
,
t
NHS
=
∑
k
∈
Ω
n
B
H
+
(
R
k
,
t
BHS
,
out
+
X
R
k
,
t
BHS
,
Loss
)
∑
k
∈
Ω
n
B
H
+
c
m
k
,
t
S
T
k
,
t
S
,
out
;
determining, for the water return network, the nodal carbon flow densities at the plurality of time periods:
ρ
n
,
t
NHS
=
∑
k
∈
Ω
n
BH
-
(
R
k
,
t
BHS
,
out
+
XR
k
,
t
BHS
,
Loss
)
∑
k
∈
Ω
n
BH
-
c
m
k
,
t
R
T
k
,
t
R
,
out
.
15 . A computer-readable storage medium, having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the method for measuring the carbon emission of the district heating system according to claim 1 .
16 . The computer-readable storage medium according to claim 15 , wherein the method further comprises:
constructing the steady carbon emission flow model of the district heating system based on the pipeline carbon flow rate, the network loss carbon emission, the nodal carbon flow density, the pipeline carbon flow density, the heat source carbon flow rate, and the heat load carbon flow rate of the district heating system, wherein said constructing the steady carbon emission flow model of the district heating system based on the pipeline carbon flow rate, the network loss carbon emission, the nodal carbon flow density, the pipeline carbon flow density, the heat source carbon flow rate, and the heat load carbon flow rate of the district heating system is:
determining the pipeline carbon flow rate of the district heating system comprising a carbon flow rate of a water supply network and a carbon flow rate of a water return network, the carbon flow rate of the water supply network being:
R k BHS,in =ρ k BHS cm k S T k S,in ,∀k∈Ω BH
R k BHS,out =ρ k BHS cm k S T k S,out ,∀k∈Ω BH ,
where R k BHS,in and R k BHS,out represent an inlet carbon flow rate and an outlet carbon flow rate of a pipeline k in the water supply network, respectively, unit: tCO 2 /h; ρ k BHS represents a carbon flow density of the pipeline k in the water supply network, unit: tCO 2 /MWh; c represents a specific heat capacity of water, unit: MWh/(kg·° C.); m k S represents a mass flow of the pipeline k in the water supply network, unit: kg/h; T k S,in and T k S,out represent an inlet temperature and an outlet temperature of the pipeline k in the water supply network, unit: ° C.; and Ω BH represents a set of pipelines in the district heating system; and
the carbon flow rate of the water return network being:
R k BHR,in =ρ k BHR cm k R T k R,in ,∀k∈Ω BH
R k BHR,out =ρ k BHR cm k R T k R,out ,∀k∈Ω BH ,
where R k BHR,in and R k BHR,out represent an inlet carbon flow rate and an outlet carbon flow rate of a pipeline k in the water return network, respectively, unit: tCO 2 /h; ρ k BHR represents a carbon flow density of the pipeline k in the water return network, unit: tCO 2 /h; m k R represents a mass flow of the pipeline k in the water return network, unit: kg/h; and T k R,in and T k R,out represent an inlet temperature and an outlet temperature of the pipeline k in the water return network, unit: ° C.;
determining the network loss carbon emission of the district heating system comprising a network loss carbon flow rate of the water supply network and a network loss carbon flow rate of the water return network, said determining the network loss carbon emission of the district heating system being:
determining a temperature difference of a pipeline in the water supply network and a temperature difference of a pipeline in the water return network:
T k S,Loss =T k S,in −T k S,out
T k R,Loss =T k R,in −T k R,out
where T k S,Loss and T k R,Loss represent a temperature difference between both ends of the pipeline k in the water supply network and a temperature difference between both ends of the pipeline k in the water return network, respectively, unit: ° C.; and
determining the network loss carbon flow rate of the water supply network and the network loss carbon flow rate of the water return network:
R k BHS,Loss =ρ k BHS cm k S T k S,Loss ,∀k∈Ω BH
R k BHR,Loss =ρ k BHR cm k R T k R,Loss ,∀k∈Ω BH ,
where R k BHS,Loss and R k BHR,Loss represent a network loss carbon flow rate of the pipeline k in the water supply network and a network loss carbon flow rate of the pipeline k in the water return network, respectively, unit: tCO 2 /h;
determining the nodal carbon flow density of the district heating system, said determining the nodal carbon flow density of the district heating system comprising:
determining, for each node in the district heating system, that conservation of mass and conservation of energy are satisfied at the node:
m
n
S
=
∑
k
∈
Ω
n
B
H
+
m
k
S
,
∀
n
∈
Ω
NH
T
n
S
m
n
S
=
∑
k
∈
Ω
n
B
H
+
T
k
S
,
o
u
t
m
k
S
,
∀
n
∈
Ω
NH
,
where m n S represents a total mass flow flowing through a node n in the water supply network, unit: kg/h; Ω n BH+ represents a set of injection pipelines at the node n in the water supply network; Ω NH represents a set of nodes in the district heating system; and T n S represents a water flow temperature of the node n in the water supply network, unit: ° C.;
determining, for each node in the district heating system, that conservation of carbon emission is satisfied at the node, a carbon flow rate of the node n being equal to a sum of outlet carbon flow rates of all the injection pipelines and network loss carbon flow rates allocated to the injection pipelines;
R
n
NHS
=
∑
k
∈
Ω
n
B
H
+
(
R
k
BHS
,
o
u
t
+
λ
R
k
BHS
,
Loss
)
=
∑
k
∈
Ω
n
B
H
+
ρ
k
BHS
cm
k
S
(
T
k
S
,
o
u
t
+
X
T
k
S
,
Loss
)
,
∀
n
∈
Ω
NH
,
where R n NHS represents the carbon flow rate of the node n in the water supply network, unit: tCO 2 /h; and X represents an allocating coefficient of a network loss carbon flow rate of an injection pipeline;
determining a carbon flow density of the node n in the water supply network:
ρ
n
NHS
=
R
n
NHS
c
m
n
S
T
n
S
=
∑
k
∈
Ω
n
B
H
+
ρ
k
BHS
m
k
S
(
T
k
S
,
out
+
X
T
k
S
,
Loss
)
∑
k
∈
Ω
n
B
H
+
m
k
S
T
k
S
,
out
,
∀
n
∈
Ω
NH
,
where ρ n NHS represents the carbon flow density of the node n in the water supply network, unit: tCO 2 /MWh; and
determining a carbon flow density of the node n in the water return network:
ρ
n
NHR
=
∑
k
∈
Ω
n
BH
-
ρ
k
BHR
m
k
R
(
T
k
R
,
out
+
XT
k
R
,
Loss
)
∑
k
∈
Ω
n
BH
-
m
k
R
T
k
R
,
out
,
∀
n
∈
Ω
NH
,
where ρ n NHR represents the carbon flow density of the node n in the water return network, unit: tCO 2 /MWh; and Ω n BH− represents a set of outflow pipelines at the node n in the water supply network;
determining the pipeline carbon flow density of the district heating system:
ρ k BHS =ρ n NHS ,n=Γ k NH+ ,∀k∈Ω BH
ρ k BHR =ρ n NHR ,n=Γ k NH− ,∀k∈Ω BH ,
where Γ k NH+ and Γ k NH+ represent an injection node and an outflow node of the pipeline k in the water supply network, respectively;
determining the heat source carbon flow rate of the district heating system, said determining the heat source carbon flow rate of the district heating system comprising:
determining a heat output of a heat source:
Q i =cm n S ( T n S −T n R ), n=Γ i NH ,∀i∈Ω GH ,
where Q i represents a heat output of a heat source i, unit: MW; Γ i NH represents a node where the heat source i is located; and Ω GH represents a set of heat sources; and
determining that conservation of carbon emission at a heat source node is satisfied:
ρ n NHS cm n S T n S =ρ i GH Q i +ρ n NHR cm n S T n R ,n=Γ i NH ,∀i∈Ω GH ,
where ρ i GH represents a carbon flow density of the heat source i, unit: tCO 2 /MWh; and
determining the heat load carbon flow rate of the district heating system, said determining the heat load carbon flow rate of the district heating system comprising:
determining a heat load demand:
q j =cm n S ( T n S −T n R ), n=Γ j NH ,∀j∈Ω LH ,
where q j represents a heat demand of a heat load j, unit: MW; Γ j NH represents a node where the heat load j is located; and Ω LH represents a set of heat loads;
determining a carbon flow density of a heat load node:
ρ n NHR =ρ n NHS ,n=Γ j NH ,∀j∈Ω LH ; and
determining the heat load carbon flow rate:
R j LH =ρ n NHS q j =ρ n NHS cm n S ( T n S −T n R ), n=Γ j NH ,∀j∈Ω LH ,
where R j LH represents a carbon flow rate of the heat load j, unit: tCO 2 /h.
17 . The computer-readable storage medium according to claim 16 , wherein the method further comprises: calculating a matrix representation of the steady carbon emission flow model of the district heating system.
18 . The computer-readable storage medium according to claim 17 , wherein said calculating the matrix representation of the steady carbon emission flow model of the district heating system comprises:
constructing a branch heat flow matrix, a branch network loss matrix, and a nodal heat flow flux matrix of the district heating system; and calculating a nodal carbon flow density vector of a heat network, and then calculating a branch carbon flow rate matrix, a network loss carbon flow rate matrix, and a load carbon flow rate vector of each of the water supply network and the water return network.
19 . The computer-readable storage medium according to claim 18 , wherein said calculating the matrix representation of the steady carbon emission flow model of the district heating system comprises:
constructing the branch heat flow matrix of the district heating system comprising a branch heat flow matrix of the water supply network and a branch heat flow matrix of the water return network, wherein said constructing the branch heat flow matrix of the district heating system comprises:
determining elements of the branch heat flow matrix of the water supply network:
Q B,ij S =cm k S T k S,out ,Q B,ji S =0,
where Q B,ij S and Q B,ji S represent elements in a branch heat flow matrix Q B S of the water supply network; and
determining elements of the branch heat flow matrix of the water return network:
Q B,ij R =cm k R T k R,out ,Q B,ji R =0,
where Q B,ij R and Q B,ji R represent elements in a branch heat flow matrix Q B R of the water return network;
constructing the branch network loss matrix of the district heating system comprising a branch network loss matrix of the water supply network and a branch network loss matrix of the water return network, wherein said constructing the branch network loss matrix of the district heating system comprises:
determining elements of the branch network loss matrix of the water supply network:
Q BL,ij S =cm k S T k S,Loss ,Q BL,ji S =0,
where Q BL,ij S and Q BL,ji S represent elements in a branch network loss matrix Q BL S of the water supply network; and
determining elements of the branch network loss matrix of the water return network:
Q BL,ij R =cm k R T k R,Loss ,Q BL,ji R =0,
where Q BL,ij R and Q BL,ji R represent elements in a branch network loss matrix Q BL R of the water return network;
constructing the nodal heat flow flux matrix of the district heating system comprising a nodal heat flow flux matrix of the water supply network and a nodal heat flow flux matrix of the water return network, wherein said constructing the nodal heat flow flux matrix of the district heating system comprises:
determining, for a node in no connection to the heat source, the nodal heat flow flux matrix of the water supply network:
Q N S =diag{ζ N NH Q B S },
where Q N S represents the nodal heat flow flux matrix of the water supply network; ζ N NH represents a coefficient matrix of a branch heat flow; and N NH represents a number of nodes of the district heating system;
determining, for a node in no connection to the heat source, the nodal heat flow flux matrix of the water return network:
Q N R =diag{ζ N NH Q B R },
where Q N R represents the nodal heat flow flux matrix of the water return network;
determining, for a node connected to the heat source, a nodal integrated energy flow flux matrix:
{circumflex over (Q)} N S =diag{ζ N NH Q B S +ζ N GH Q G },
where {circumflex over (Q)} N S represents the nodal integrated energy flow flux matrix; ζ N GH represents a coefficient matrix of a heat flow injected by the heat source; and N GH represents a number of heat sources of the district heating system;
determining, for all nodes, that a total injected carbon emission of the nodes is equal to a sum of injected carbon flow rates of all branches connected to the nodes:
Q N S ρ NHS =( Q B S +XQ BL S ) T ρ NHS
Q N R ρ NHR =( Q B R +XQ BL R ) T ρ NHR ,
where ρ NHS represents a matrix formed by the carbon flow density ρ n NHS of the node n in the water supply network; and ρ NHR represents a matrix formed by the carbon flow density ρ n NHR of the node n in the water return network; determining, for the heat load node, that the heat load node has an equal carbon flow density in the water supply network and the water return network:
Bρ NHS =Bρ NHR ,
where B represents a heat load-node association matrix, when the heat load j is connected to the node n, B jn =1, otherwise B jn =0; determining, for the heat source node, a matrix relation of the heat source node based on a conservation of carbon emission as:
C{circumflex over (Q)} N S ρ NHS =CQ N R ρ NHR +Q G T σ GH ,
where C represents a 0-1 matrix associated with the heat source node, when the node n is connected to the heat source, C nn =1, otherwise C nn =0; determining the nodal carbon flow density vector of the heat network as:
[
ρ
NHS
ρ
NHR
]
=
[
Q
N
S
-
(
Q
B
S
+
X
Q
B
L
S
)
T
0
0
Q
N
R
-
(
Q
B
R
+
X
Q
B
L
R
)
T
B
-
B
C
Q
ˆ
N
S
-
C
Q
N
R
]
-
1
[
0
0
0
Q
G
T
ρ
G
H
]
;
and
calculating the branch carbon flow rate matrix, the network loss carbon flow rate matrix, and the load carbon flow rate vector of each of the water supply network and the water return network.
20 . The computer-readable storage medium according to claim 19 , wherein the method further comprises:
constructing the dynamic carbon emission flow model of the district heating system based on the water element carbon flow rates at the plurality of time periods, the actual outlet carbon flow rates of the pipeline at the plurality of time periods, the network loss carbon flow rates at the plurality of time periods, and the nodal carbon flow densities at the plurality of time periods, wherein said constructing the dynamic carbon emission flow model of the district heating system based on the water element carbon flow rates at the plurality of time periods, the actual outlet carbon flow rates of the pipeline at the plurality of time periods, the network loss carbon flow rates at the plurality of time periods, and the nodal carbon flow densities at the plurality of time periods is:
determining the water element carbon flow rates at the plurality of time periods:
R
˜
k
,
t
BHS
,
out
=
R
k
,
t
-
δ
k
,
t
BHS
,
in
(
B
k
,
t
-
σ
M
k
)
(
m
k
,
t
-
δ
k
,
t
S
Δ
t
)
+
∑
τ
=
l
-
φ
k
,
t
+
1
t
-
δ
k
,
t
-
1
R
k
,
τ
BHS
,
in
+
R
k
,
t
-
δ
k
,
t
BHS
,
in
(
m
k
,
t
S
Δ
t
+
σ
M
k
-
A
k
,
t
)
(
m
k
,
t
-
φ
k
,
t
S
Δ
t
)
,
where {tilde over (R)} k,t BHS,out represents a water element carbon flow rate at a time period t; σ represents a density of water; M k represents a volume of the pipeline k; φ k,t represents an injection time period of an earliest water element component contained in a water flow flowing out of the pipeline k at the time period t; δ k,t represents an injection time period of a latest water element component contained in the water flow flowing out of the pipeline k at the time period t; A k,t represents a total injection water flow amount for φ k,t time periods before the time period t; B k,t represents a total injection water flow amount from a time period t−δ k,t to the time period t; and expressions for A k,t and B k,t are:
A
k
,
t
=
{
∑
τ
=
t
-
φ
k
,
1
+
1
t
m
k
,
τ
S
Δ
t
,
φ
k
,
t
≥
δ
k
,
t
+
1
B
k
,
t
,
φ
k
,
t
<
δ
k
,
t
+
1
,
B
k
,
t
=
∑
τ
=
t
-
δ
k
,
t
t
m
k
,
τ
S
Δ
t
;
determining the actual outlet carbon flow rates of the pipeline at the plurality of time periods and the network loss carbon flow rates at the plurality of time periods, said determining the actual outlet carbon flow rates of the pipeline at the plurality of time periods and the network loss carbon flow rates at the plurality of time periods comprising:
calculating an actual temperature of an outlet water flow of the pipeline based on a conveying loss of the pipeline:
T
k
,
t
S
,
out
=
T
˜
k
,
t
S
,
out
exp
(
-
λ
L
k
c
m
k
,
t
S
)
,
where T k,t S,out represents the actual temperature of the outlet water flow of the pipeline; {acute over (T)} k,t S,out represents a weighted average of temperatures of injection water flows at previous time periods; λ represents a thermal conductivity coefficient of the pipeline; and L k represents a length of the pipeline k;
determining an actual outlet carbon flow rate of the pipeline at the time period t:
R
k
,
t
BHS
,
out
=
R
~
k
,
t
BHS
,
out
T
k
,
t
S
,
out
T
~
k
,
t
S
,
out
;
and
determining a network loss carbon flow rate of the pipeline at the time period t:
R
k
,
t
BHS
,
Loss
=
R
~
k
,
t
BHS
,
Loss
(
1
-
T
k
,
t
S
,
out
T
~
k
,
t
S
,
out
)
;
determining the nodal carbon flow densities at the plurality of time periods:
ρ
n
,
t
NHS
=
∑
k
∈
Ω
n
B
H
+
(
R
k
,
t
BHS
,
out
+
X
R
k
,
t
BHS
,
Loss
)
∑
k
∈
Ω
n
B
H
+
c
m
k
,
t
S
T
k
,
t
S
,
out
;
and
determining, for the water return network, the nodal carbon flow densities at the plurality of time periods:
ρ
n
,
t
NHS
=
∑
k
∈
Ω
n
BH
-
(
R
k
,
t
BHS
,
out
+
XR
k
,
t
BHS
,
Loss
)
∑
k
∈
Ω
n
BH
-
c
m
k
,
t
R
T
k
,
t
R
,
out
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