Method for gasification of carbonaceous feedstock and device for implementing same

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of gasification of a carbonaceous feedstock and can be used in the chemical, petrochemical, coke-gas and energy industries. A method for gasification of a carbonaceous feedstock comprises partial oxidation of the carbonaceous feedstock in an oxidation chamber in a mixture of oxygen-containing gas and water vapour in a partial oxidation channel, which is mounted coaxially in the vertical oxidation chamber. The water vapour for the partial oxidation of the carbonaceous feedstock is supplied at the input and output of the vertical oxidation chamber of a combustion chamber. A gas producer comprises a housing, a burner device, a vertical oxidation chamber, manifolds for supplying carbonaceous feedstock, water vapour and oxygen-containing gas, a pipe for discharging gasification products, a slag removal chamber, and also a partial oxidation channel, which is arranged coaxially in the vertical oxidation chamber and is attached to an upper internal part of the housing, in which the burner device is installed. What is achieved is the production of producer gas with an elevated concentration of hydrogen.

1 . A method of gasification of carbonaceous feedstock, including partial oxidation of carbonaceous feedstock in an oxidation chamber in a mixture of oxygen-containing gas and water vapour characterized in that partial oxidation is carried out in a partial oxidation channel which is mounted coaxially in a vertical oxidation chamber, and water vapour supply for partial oxidation of carbonaceous feedstock is carried out at the input and output of the partial oxidation channel of the oxidation chamber. 
     
     
         2 . The method, as claimed in  claim 1 , characterized in that partial oxidation is carried out in the flow of the oxygen-containing gas and water vapour mixture in the partial oxidation channel of the oxidation chamber at a temperature of 900-1100° C. which is maintained by changing the volume of vapour at the output of the partial oxidation channel. 
     
     
         3 . The method as claimed in  claim 1  characterized in that at the output of the partial oxidation channel of the oxidation chamber the temperature is maintained within 800-1000° C. which is provided by changing the volume of vapour at the output of the partial oxidation channel. 
     
     
         4 . The method as claimed in  claim 1  characterized in that the ignition of the carbonaceous feedstock and vapour-oxygen mixture and maintenance of their stable combustion is carried out by feeding the combustion products to the input of the partial oxidation channel from the burner device mounted coaxially in the partial oxidation channel. 
     
     
         5 . The method as claimed in  claim 1  characterized in that the residence time of combustion products in the oxidation channel is longer than the biggest feedstock particle's combustion time. 
     
     
         6 . The method as claimed in  claim 1  characterized in that the size dimensions of the partial oxidation channel are chosen based on the ratio:
     L ≥(4* G*T   b )/(π*ρ( t   0 )* D   2 ),
 
 where
 L—the length of the partial oxidation channel; 
 D—the diameter of the partial oxidation channel; 
 G—the mass arrival of oxidation products into the partial oxidation channel; 
 T b —the combustion temperature of the biggest particle of carbonaceous feedstock; 
 t 0 —the calculated temperature of oxidation products in the partial oxidation channel; 
 ρ(t 0 )—the calculated density of oxidation products in the partial oxidation channel. 
 
 
     
     
         7 . The method as claimed in  claim 1  characterized in that solid fuels in the form of coal, brown coal, peat, wood, coke, soot or gaseous and liquid fuels, or mixtures thereof, are used as carbonaceous feedstock. 
     
     
         8 . A gas producer comprising a housing, a burner device, a vertical oxidation chamber, manifolds for supplying carbonaceous feedstock, water vapour and oxygen-containing gas, a pipe for discharging gasification products, a slag removal chamber, is peculiar for the fact that the partial oxidation channel is additionally introduced into it. The channel is arranged coaxially in the vertical oxidation chamber and is attached to the upper internal part of the housing in which the burner device is installed. 
     
     
         9 . The gas producer as claimed in  claim 1  characterized in that the upper part of the housing is made in the form of a removable lid, into which the burner device is installed. 
     
     
         10 . The gas producer as claimed in  claim 1  characterized in that the pipe for discharge of gasification products is installed in the side piece of the gas producer housing closer to the upper part of the gas producer. 
     
     
         11 . The gas producer as claimed in  claim 1  characterized in that it contains upper and lower vapour manifolds made in the form of hollow rings connected by downpipes, the axes of which are parallel to the axis of the outer housing, though the upper manifold is installed on the outer part of the gas producer lid, the downpipes are installed on the outer side of the partial oxidation channel, and the lower vapour manifold is located at the output of the oxidation channel and is provided with vents to send vapour into the flow of partial oxidation products. 
     
     
         12 . The gas producer as claimed in  claim 1  characterized in that the burner device is made in the form of a diffusion burner equipped with annular channels arranged coaxially around the diffusion burner and made with the possibility of supplying oxygen-containing gas, carbonaceous feedstock and water vapour to the annular channels. 
     
     
         13 . The gas producer as claimed in  claim 1  characterized in that the inner walls of the oxidation chamber are made in the form of a coil, the upper output of which is connected to the upper vapour manifold through the hot vapour distribution unit, and the lower output is connected to an external water vapour generator. 
     
     
         14 . The gas producer as claimed in  claim 1  characterized in that the inner walls of the oxidation chamber are made in the form of coaxially arranged toroid-shaped containers made with the possibility of supplying water vapour from below the oxidation chamber to the lid of the gas producer. 
     
     
         15 . The gas producer as claimed in  claim 1  characterized in that the partial oxidation channel is made with external thermal insulation.