Methods for reducing oxidative damage

Abstract

The invention provides a method for reducing oxidative damage in a mammal, a removed organ, or a cell in need thereof. The method comprises administering an effective amount of an aromatic cationic peptide. The aromatic cationic peptide has (a) at least one net positive charge; (b) a minimum of three amino acids; (c) a maximum of about twenty amino acids, (d) a relationship between the minimum number of net positive charges (pm) and the total number of amino acid residues (r) wherein 3 pm is the largest number that is less than or equal to r+1; (e) a relationship between the minimum number of aromatic groups (a) and the total number of net positive charges (pt) wherein 3a or 2a is the largest number that is less than or equal to pt+1, except that when a is 1, pt may also be 1; and (f) at least one tyrosine or tryptophan amino acid.

1 . A method for preventing loss of dopamine-producing neurons in a mammal having or suspected of having Parkinson’s disease, the method comprising administering to the mammal an effective amount of a peptide having the formula D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH 2 . 
     
     
         2 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the mammal is a human. 
     
     
         3 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the peptide is administered orally, topically, intranasally, systemically, intravenously, subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intracerebroventricularly, intrathecally, or transdermally. 
     
     
         4 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the peptide is mixed with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 
     
     
         5 . A method for treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in a mammal, the method comprising administering to the mammal an effective amount of a peptide having the formula D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH 2 . 
     
     
         6 . The method according to  claim 5 , wherein the mammal is a human. 
     
     
         7 . The method according to  claim 5 , wherein the peptide is administered orally, topically, intranasally, systemically, intravenously, subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intracerebroventricularly, intrathecally, or transdermally. 
     
     
         8 . The method of  claim 5 , wherein the peptide is mixed with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 
     
     
         9 . A method for inhibiting LDL oxidation in a mammal, the method comprising administering to the mammal an effective amount of a peptide having the formula D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH 2 . 
     
     
         10 . The method according to  claim 9 , wherein the mammal is a human. 
     
     
         11 . The method according to  claim 9 , wherein the peptide is administered orally, topically, intranasally, systemically, intravenously, subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intracerebroventricularly, intrathecally, or transdermally. 
     
     
         12 . The method of  claim 9 , wherein the peptide is mixed with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.