Nucleic acid extraction device

Abstract

Provided herein is a nucleic acid extraction and the structure of a reaction chamber is improved such that a piston, a reaction chamber and a magnetic rod are independent of one another, magnetic beads are more concentrated, more sufficient adsorption, washing and elution are achieved, dead corners are eliminated, when the nucleic acid extraction and amplification device is used to perform nucleic acid extraction and amplification. The sensitivity and accuracy of nucleic acid detection can be further improved, and missing and wrong detection can be avoided.

1 . A nucleic acid extraction device, comprising: a piston chamber provided with a piston; a reaction chamber for nucleic acid extraction; a plurality of reagent chambers containing nucleic acid extraction reagents; a permanent magnet; and a turntable, wherein the turntable keeps the reaction chamber in fluid communication with one of the plurality of reagent chambers by rotating; the reaction chamber contains magnetic beads and is configured to provide a place for the magnetic beads to adsorb, wash and elute nucleic acids; the permanent magnet is configured to provide a magnetic attraction force for the magnetic beads and keep the magnetic beads fixed in the reaction chamber; and the piston chamber and the reaction chamber are in fluid communication with each other, and the piston moves to control the flow of fluids between the plurality of reagent chambers and the reaction chamber respectively. 
     
     
         2 . The nucleic acid extraction device according to  claim 1 , wherein the reaction chamber is located on the channel turntable; and a micro-channel in communication with the reaction chamber is provided in the channel turntable. 
     
     
         3 . The nucleic acid extraction device according to  claim 1 , wherein the reaction chamber is a recess with an upward opening that is provided in the center of the channel turntable, and the piston chamber is located inside the recess. 
     
     
         4 . The nucleic acid extraction device according to  claim 1 , wherein a size of a lower end of the piston and a size of a lower end of the piston chamber are reduced; and when the piston moves downwards to the lowest position, the piston is blocked by the piston chamber and cannot enter into the reaction chamber. 
     
     
         5 . The nucleic acid extraction device according to  claim 4 , wherein when the piston moves downwards to the lowest position, a bottom surface of the piston and the reaction chamber in the center of the channel turntable form a sealed reaction chamber jointly. 
     
     
         6 . The nucleic acid extraction device according to  claim 5 , wherein a lower portion of the channel turntable is provided with a cross-shaped fixing element, a central rotating shaft of the fixing element is a hollow cylinder, and the hollow cylinder is a magnetic rod channel for the vertical displacement of the permanent magnet. 
     
     
         7 . The nucleic acid extraction device according to  claim 6 , wherein a bottom surface of the reaction chamber is a top end of a permanent magnet channel. 
     
     
         8 . The nucleic acid extraction device according to  claim 7 , wherein a lower end of the permanent magnet is provided with a permanent magnet driving mechanism for controlling the vertical displacement of the permanent magnet in the magnetic rod channel. 
     
     
         9 . The nucleic acid extraction device according to  claim 7 , wherein an upper end of the piston is provided with a piston driving mechanism for controlling the vertical displacement of the piston in the piston chamber. 
     
     
         10 . The nucleic acid extraction device according to  claim 9 , wherein the piston driving mechanism comprises a vertical movement module and a lateral movement module; the vertical movement module is configured to drive the piston to move vertically; the lateral movement module is configured to realize the combination or separation of the piston and the piston driving mechanism; and the vertical movement module and the lateral movement module are integrally nested and combined. 
     
     
         11 . The nucleic acid extraction device according to  claim 10 , wherein the lateral movement module comprises a curved rod structure and a slider structure; the curved rod structure is located above the slider structure; and the curved rod structure rotates to enable the slider structure to move left and right, so as to drive the piston and the driving mechanism to be combined or separated. 
     
     
         12 . The nucleic acid extraction device according to  claim 11 , wherein the curved rod structure comprises a fixed shaft and a rocking handle, one end of the rocking handle is connected to the fixed shaft, and the rocking handle can perform the circular movement around the fixed shaft; the slider structure is provided with a slide rail with an upward opening; the other end of the rocking handle is provided with a connecting rod; and in the process of the circular movement of the rocking handle, when the connecting rod is inserted into the slide rail, the rocking handle rotates to drive, by means of the connecting rod, the slide rail to move, thereby driving the slider structure to move left and right. 
     
     
         13 . The nucleic acid extraction device according to  claim 12 , wherein a bottom surface of the slider structure is provided with an arc-shaped notch with an opening; the piston comprises a top cover and a piston rod, and the top cover has the diameter greater than the cross section diameter of the piston rod; when the slider structure gets close to the piston, an open portion of the arc-shaped notch is sleeved on the piston rod, so that the piston is combined with the driving mechanism and moves vertically with the vertical movement module; and the lateral movement module is integrally nested with the vertical movement module by means of the slider structure and can move left and right relative to the vertical movement module. 
     
     
         14 . The nucleic acid extraction device according to  claim 1 , wherein the plurality of reagent chambers for containing the nucleic acid extraction reagents include a pyrolysis bin, a washing bin and an elution bin; and the channel turntable can be rotated to enable the micro-channel to be in selective communication with a bottom through hole of the pyrolysis bin, the washing bin or the elution bin, so that the reaction chamber is in selective communication with the pyrolysis bin, the washing bin or the elution bin. 
     
     
         15 . The nucleic acid extraction device according to  claim 1 , wherein the device further comprises a nucleic acid amplification assembly, and the nucleic acid amplification assembly comprises a PCR tube and a PCR tube channel; after the nucleic acid extraction is completed, the channel turntable is rotated to enable the micro-channel to be in selective communication with the PCR tube channel, so that the reaction chamber is in selective communication with the PCR tube; and the PCR tube is detachably connected to a bottom surface of the nucleic acid extraction device, and the sealed connection can be realized after the connection. 
     
     
         16 . The nucleic acid extraction device according to  claim 5 , wherein the reaction chamber is located on the channel turntable, and the magnetic beads are located inside the reaction chamber of the turntable. 
     
     
         17 . The nucleic acid extraction device according to  claim 16 , wherein one end of the permanent magnet is located outside the bottom of the reaction chamber and is close to the bottom. 
     
     
         18 . The nucleic acid extraction device according to  claim 17 , wherein the piston moves to enable the sealed reaction chamber to produce negative pressure or positive pressure, so that the reaction chamber and the reagent chambers therein exchange or remove the fluids. 
     
     
         19 . The nucleic acid extraction device according to  claim 15 , wherein the PCR tube comprises a sealing ring and the PCR tube is in sealed connection with the nucleic acid extraction device by means of the sealing ring.