Phosphorus-containing compounds as additives for silicon-based li ion batteries

Abstract

Additives for energy storage devices comprising phosphorus-containing compounds are disclosed. The energy storage device comprises a first electrode and a second electrode, where at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is a Si-based electrode, a separator between the first electrode and the second electrode, and an electrolyte composition. Phosphorus-containing compounds may serve as additives to the first electrode, the second electrode and/or the electrolyte, as well as the separator.

1 . An energy storage device comprising:
 a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein one or both of the first electrode and the second electrode is a Si-based electrode;   a separator between the first electrode and the second electrode; and   an electrolyte composition; wherein   one or more of said first electrode, said second electrode and said electrolyte composition comprises at least one additive, wherein said additive comprises a phosphorus-containing compound.   
     
     
         2 . The energy storage device of  claim 1 , wherein said phosphorus-containing compound is an organophosphite or an organophosphate compound. 
     
     
         3 . The energy storage device of  claim 1 , wherein said phosphorus-containing compound either has one or both of the following additional moieties: long alkyl chain (C>10) substituents or phenyl group substituents. 
     
     
         4 . The energy storage device of  claim 1 , wherein said phosphorus-containing compound comprises one or more of Trisnonylphenylphosphite; Tris(p-cresyl) phosphite; Tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphite; Tridecyl phosphite; Trilauryl phosphite; Triisodecyl phosphite; Tris(tridecyl) phosphite; Diphenyl mono(2-ethylhexyl) phosphite; Diphenyl monodecyl phosphite; Isodecyl diphenyl phosphite; Diphenyl mono(tridecyl) phosphite; Tetraphenyl dipropyleneglycol diphosphate; Tetra(C12-C15 alkyl)-4,4′-isopropylidene diphenyl diphosphate; 4,4′-Butylidenebis(3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenyl ditridecyl phosphite); Bis(tridecyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite/Bis(nonylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphate; Bis(decyl)pentaerythritol diphosphate; Bis(tridecyl)pentaerythritol diphosphate; Tristearyl phosphite; Distearyl pentaerythritol diphosphate; Tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite; Bis (2, 4-dicumylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphate; Hydrogenated bisphenol A pentaerythritol phosphite polymer; Diethyl (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) phosphonate; 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate acid phosphate; and Zinc stearyl phosphate. 
     
     
         5 . (canceled) 
     
     
         6 . The energy storage device of  claim 1 , wherein the second electrode is a Si-dominant electrode. 
     
     
         7 . The energy storage device of  claim 1 , wherein the second electrode comprises a self-supporting composite material film. 
     
     
         8 . The energy storage device of  claim 6 , wherein the Si-dominant electrode comprises:
 greater than 0% and less than about 95% by weight of silicon particles, and   greater than 0% and less than about 90% by weight of one or more types of carbon phases, wherein at least one of the one or more types of carbon phases is a substantially continuous phase that holds the Si-dominant electrode together such that the silicon particles are distributed throughout the Si-dominant electrode.   
     
     
         9 . A method of forming an energy storage device, the method comprising:
 forming an energy storage device comprising a cathode, an electrolyte composition, and an anode;   wherein one or more of said anode, said cathode and said electrolyte composition comprises at least one additive, wherein said additive comprises a phosphorus-containing compound;   wherein one or both of said cathode and said anode is formed using, at least, the following steps:
 said electrode material is mixed to create a slurry; 
 said additive is added to said slurry; 
 said slurry is coated on metal foil; and 
 the coated metal foil is dried. 
   
     
     
         10 . The method of  claim 9 , wherein said phosphorus-containing compound is a organophosphite or an organophosphate compound. 
     
     
         11 . The method of  claim 9 , wherein said phosphorus-containing compound either has one or both of the following additional moieties: long alkyl chain (C>10) substituents or phenyl group substituents. 
     
     
         12 . The method of  claim 9 , wherein said phosphorus-containing compound comprises one or more of Trisnonylphenylphosphite; Tris(p-cresyl) phosphite; Tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphite; Tridecyl phosphite; Trilauryl phosphite; Triisodecyl phosphite; Tris(tridecyl) phosphite; Diphenyl mono(2-ethylhexyl) phosphite; Diphenyl monodecyl phosphite; Isodecyl diphenyl phosphite; Diphenyl mono(tridecyl) phosphite; Tetraphenyl dipropyleneglycol diphosphate; Tetra(C12-C15 alkyl)-4,4′-isopropylidene diphenyl diphosphate; 4,4′-Butylidenebis(3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenyl ditridecyl phosphite); Bis(tridecyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite/Bis(nonylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphate; Bis(decyl)pentaerythritol diphosphate; Bis(tridecyl)pentaerythritol diphosphate; Tristearyl phosphite; Distearyl pentaerythritol diphosphate; Tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite; Bis (2, 4-dicumylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphate; Hydrogenated bisphenol A pentaerythritol phosphite polymer; Diethyl (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) phosphonate; 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate acid phosphate; and Zinc stearyl phosphate. 
     
     
         13 . (canceled) 
     
     
         14 . The method of  claim 9 , wherein the anode is a Si-dominant electrode. 
     
     
         15 . The method of  claim 9 , wherein the anode comprises a self-supporting composite material film. 
     
     
         16 . The method of  claim 14 , wherein the Si-dominant electrode comprises:
 greater than 0% and less than about 95% by weight of silicon particles, and   greater than 0% and less than about 90% by weight of one or more types of carbon phases, wherein at least one of the one or more types of carbon phases is a substantially continuous phase that holds the Si-dominant electrode together such that the silicon particles are distributed throughout the Si-dominant electrode.