Renewable Based E-Drive Fluids

Abstract

Provided herein is an e-Drive fluid containing PAO 2.5, ester and hydrocarbon mixtures with controlled structure characteristics that address the performance requirements for film thickness and efficiency within e-transmissions.

That which is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A fluid composition comprising a hydrocarbon mixture, polyalphaolephin and ester wherein the hydrocarbon mixture consists of:
 a. the percentage of molecules with even carbon number is ≥80% according to FIMS;   b. the BP/BI≥−0.6037 (Internal alkyl branching per molecule)+2.0   c. on average there are 0.3 to 1.5 5+methyl per molecule,   d. b. KV100 in the range of 3.0-6.0 cSt, upon addition of polyalphaolephin and ester;   e. PAO cSt 2.5 and ester.   
     
     
         2 . The fluid composition of  claim 1  wherein the PAO of 2.5 cSt consists of Density, lb/gal.: 6.723; Flash Point (COC), ° C. (° F.)): 180° (355°); Pour Point, ° C. (° F.)): −52° (−62°); Specific Gravity: 0.8064; Viscosity, Kinematic, 100° C., cSt:2.4; Viscosity, Kinematic, 40° C., cSt:8.3. 
     
     
         3 . The fluid composition of  claim 1  wherein the hydrocarbon mixture may be up to 75%, Ester up to 25% and PAO up to 25% with 4 cSt. 
     
     
         4 . The fluid composition of  claim 3  wherein the ester is selected from the group consisting of adipate, neopolyol, phthalate and trimellitate esters. 
     
     
         5 . The mixture of  claim 2 , wherein the mixture further has a Noack volatility and Cold Crank Simulated viscosity at −35° C. relationship where Noack volatility is between 2750 (CCS at −35° C.) (−0.8) ±2. 
     
     
         6 . The mixture of  claim 2 , wherein the mixture further has a Noack volatility and Cold Crank Simulated viscosity at −35° C. relationship where Noack volatility is between 2750 (CCS at −35° C.) (−0.8) +0.5 and 2740 (CCS at −35° C.) (−0.8) −2. 
     
     
         7 . The hydrocarbon mixture of  claim 2  comprising the following characteristics:
 a. at least 80% of the molecules have an even carbon number as determined by FIMS; 
 b. KV100 in the range of 3.0-13.5 cSt; 
 c. Pour point in the range of −20 to −55° C.; 
 d. a Noack and CCS @−35° C. relationship where Noack is between 2750 (CCS at −35° C.) (−0.8) ±2; 
 e. BP/BI in the range of ≥−0.6037 (Internal alkyl branching per molecule)+2.0; and 
 f. on average 0.3 to 1.5 5+ methyl per molecule. 
 
     
     
         8 . The hydrocarbon mixture of  claim 5 , wherein the carbon numbers of the hydrocarbon mixture is in the range of 28 to 40 and the hydrocarbon mixture further exhibits the following characteristics:
 a. KV100 in the range of 3.0-6.0 cSt;   b. VI in the range of 11 ln(BP/BI)+135 to 11 ln(BP/BI)+145; and   c. Pour point in the range of 33 ln(BP/BI)−45 to 33 ln(BP/BI)−35.   
     
     
         9 . The hydrocarbon mixture of  claim 5 , wherein the boiling point range is no more than 125° C. (TBP at 95%−TBP at 5%) as measured by ASTM D2887. 
     
     
         10 . The hydrocarbon mixture of  claim 5 , wherein the boiling point range is no more than 50° C. (TBP at 95%−TBP at 5%) as measured by ASTM D2887. 
     
     
         11 . The hydrocarbon mixture of  claim 5 , wherein its Branching proximity is in the range of 14-30 and Branching index is in the range of 15-25. 
     
     
         12 . The hydrocarbon mixture of  claim 5 , wherein its KV100 is in the range of 3.2 to 5.5 cSt. 
     
     
         13 . The hydrocarbon mixture of  claim 5 , wherein its VI is in the range of 135 to 145. 
     
     
         14 . The hydrocarbon mixture of  claim 5 , wherein its pour point is in the range of −25 to −55° C. 
     
     
         15 . The hydrocarbon mixture of  claim 5 , wherein its Noack volatility is less than 16 wt %. 
     
     
         16 . The hydrocarbon mixture of  claim 4 , wherein its CCS viscosity at −35° C. is less than 2,000 cP. 
     
     
         17 . The mixture according to  claim 4 , wherein said hydrocarbon mixture has carbon numbers ≥42 and the following characteristics:
 a. KV100 in the range of 6.0-13.5 cSt; 
 b. VI in the range of 11 ln(BP/BI)+145 to 11 ln(BP/BI)+160; and a 
 c. Pour point in the range of 33 ln(BP/BI)−40 to 33 ln(BP/BI)−25. 
 
     
     
         18 . The hydrocarbon mixture of  claim 14 , wherein its BP is in the range of 16-30 and BI is in the range of 15-25. 
     
     
         19 . The hydrocarbon mixture of  claim 14 , wherein its KV100 is in the range of 8.0-10.0 cSt. 
     
     
         20 . The hydrocarbon mixture of  claim 14 , wherein its VI is in the range of 140-170. 
     
     
         21 . The hydrocarbon mixture of  claim 14 , wherein its pour point is in the range of −15 to −50° C. 
     
     
         22 . A lubricant composition of any one of  claims 1 - 20  comprising the hydrocarbon mixture of  claim 1  as the base stock component at 1-75 wt %, and one or more additives selected from antioxidants, viscosity modifiers, pour point depressants, foam inhibitors, detergents, dispersants, dyes, markers, rust inhibitors or other corrosion inhibitors, emulsifiers, de-emulsifiers, flame retardants, antiwear agents, friction modifiers, thermal stability improvers, or multifunctional additives. 
     
     
         23 . The lubricant composition of any one of  claims 1 - 19 , formulated for use as a transmission or axle fluid for an electric vehicle.