System and method for the construction of prefabricated steel foundations to be placed by driving

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method and a system for making prefabricated foundations ready to be driven into the ground, these foundations have the fundamental characteristic of increasing the size of the reacting pressure “bulb” in the ground compared to the currently known fixed foundations, in fact, compared to a traditional foundation fixed in the ground, in which the area of the foundation section is constant, the present invention allows to increase this area by increasing it during the insertion of the foundation itself.

1 . System for the construction of prefabricated foundations made of steel to support artefacts of any kind and type, these foundations are to be placed in the ground by driving with beating on non-rocky soils; the single foundation is located in the ground after beating with known techniques; the single foundation is composed of a first piece ( 1 ) consisting of a hollow steel section with a square section having the head formed by a plate ( 26 ) of adequate thickness to be able to house a threaded hole ( 7 ) of adequate diameter and strength capable of supporting the support plate ( 20 ) on which the overlying articles ( 21 ) are placed, this plate ( 21 ) is adjustable in height by means of the screw ( 22 ); the first piece ( 1 ) constituting part of the foundation is grafted through a suitable coupling socket ( 8 ) to a second hollow box-shaped steel piece ( 2 ) having the same section as the previous piece ( 1 ); the union of the first piece ( 1 ) to the second piece ( 2 ) is ensured by the pins ( 9 ) inserted between the first piece ( 1 ) and the second piece ( 2 ) passing through the relative coupling socket ( 8 ) these pins are blocked from the cotter pins ( 10 ); the second piece ( 2 ) is inserted into the coupling socket ( 8 ) on a third piece, again in box-shaped steel ( 3 ), having the same section as the previous pieces ( 1 ) ( 2 ); the union between the second piece ( 2 ) and the third piece ( 3 )  FIG.  1    is ensured by pins ( 9 ) existing between the second piece ( 2 ) and the third piece ( 3 ) which pass through the relative coupling socket ( 8 ) these pins are locked in their position by special split pins ( 10 ); the third piece ( 3 ) is provided with two movable rotating wings ( 12 ) around suitable hinges ( 13 ); the movable parts ( 12 ) are locked in a parallel position with respect to the vertical of the part ( 3 ) by means of the stops ( 15 ) inserted in the grooved piece ( 14 ); these stops ( 15 ) are connected to the release cables ( 22 ); the springs ( 16 ) are located between the parts ( 21 ) and the wings ( 12 ), these previously compressed springs apply a thrust force according to their axis on the wings ( 12 ); the wings ( 12 ) once the stops ( 15 ) have been removed by pulling the release cables ( 22 ) can rotate around the pins ( 13 ) due to the thrust of the springs ( 16 ); the piece ( 3 ) is equipped with a driving point ( 4 ) blocked on the piece ( 3 ) by the pin ( 9 ) and the cotter pins ( 10 ); the piece ( 3 ) complete with all its parts is at least one for a single foundation. 
     
     
         2 . System according to  claim 1  characterized in that the section of the foundation can be of any geometric shape. 
     
     
         3 . System according to  claim 1  characterized in that the initial opening and rotation system of the rotating parts is of the pneumatically operated type. 
     
     
         4 . System according to  claim 1  characterized by the fact that the angle formed with the vertical of the foundation with the rotating parts is between 5 and 90 degrees. 
     
     
         5 . Method for the construction of prefabricated foundations made of steel to support artifacts of any kind and type to be placed by driving with beating on non-rocky soils characterized by the fact of including several stages for the installation of the foundation; the first phase is characterized by beating the assembled foundation ( 6 ) to start its penetration into the ground, in this phase the foundation is complete with all its parts except for the part relating to the plate ( 20 ) with its screw ( 22 ), the foundation assembled ( 6 ) is made up of pieces nos. ( 1 ), ( 8 ), ( 2 ), of at least one piece ( 3 ) with relative tip ( 4 ), piece ( 3 ) is complete with all its parts such as movable wings ( 12 ) held in closed position by the blocks ( 15 ), the release system consisting of the cables ( 22 ), the springs ( 16 ); in a second phase, when the foundation has been driven into the ground for a certain height such as to cover part no. ( 3 ), the wings ( 12 ) pulling up the blocks ( 15 ) with the help of cables ( 22 ); in a third phase the foundation insertion continues and the unlocked wings ( 12 ) begin to rotate automatically, without further subsequent phases or operations, opening and slipping into the ground due to the simultaneous effect of the foundation insertion downwards as shown in the arrow ( 23 ), by continuing the piling, one arrives at a predetermined depth of piling of the foundation in which the total opening of 45° ( 18 ) of the wings ( 12 ) is obtained, thus obtaining the predetermined increase in the final lift of the foundation; with a further step the plate ( 20 ) is screwed through the threaded screw ( 22 ) to the head ( 1 ) of the foundation and screwed until the desired height adjustment is obtained to later rest the product ( 21 ) 
     
     
         6 . Method according to  claim 5  characterized in that the section of the prefabricated foundation can be of any geometric shape. 
     
     
         7 . Method according to  claim 5  characterized in that the initial opening and rotation phase of the rotating parts ( 12 )  FIGS.  3  and  4    is operated by a pneumatically operated device. 
     
     
         8 . Method according to  claim 5  characterized by the fact that during the phase of total driving of the foundation the angle formed with the rotating parts is between 5 and 90 degrees. 
     
     
         9 . Method according to  claim 5  characterized by the fact that the foundation is recovered for subsequent reuse by pulling it off the ground in the opposite direction to the beating with a single operation that automatically closes the wings ( 12 ).