Graphene battery as energy storage for appliances

Abstract

A supercapacitor having multiple graphene layers that are separated by separator layers. The graphene layers and the separator layers are enclosed within a housing that is filled with electrolyte

1 . A power management system, comprising:
 a first interface communicatively coupled to an electricity grid associated with a premises;   a second interface communicatively coupled to a graphene battery;   one or more hardware processors; and   a non-transitory memory storing instructions that when executed by the one or more hardware processors cause the one or more hardware processors to perform operations comprising:
 providing power to appliances within the premises under a first operation mode, wherein the first operation mode specifies the electricity grid as a sole power source for the appliances; 
 detecting an abnormal event associated with the electricity grid associated with the premises; and 
 in response to the detecting, configuring the power management system to provide power to the appliances under a second operation mode, wherein the second operation mode specifies the graphene battery as the sole power source or a partial power source for the appliances. 
   
     
     
         2 . A supercapacitor comprising:
 a housing comprising electrolyte;   one or more layers of graphene battery sheets within the housing; and   one or more of separator layers disposed between each adjacent pair of the one or more layers of graphene battery sheets within the housing.   
     
     
         3 . The system of  claim 1 , further comprising one or more solar panels electrically connected to and configured to supply energy to the graphene battery. 
     
     
         4 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the one or more solar panels are located on the premises. 
     
     
         5 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the graphene battery comprises a first insulating layer, a second insulating layer, and a graphene electrode disposed between the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer. 
     
     
         6 . The system of  claim 5 , wherein the graphene battery comprises two graphene electrodes disposed between the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer and a separator between the graphene electrodes. 
     
     
         7 . The system of  claim 6 , wherein the separator comprises an electrolyte. 
     
     
         8 . The system of  claim 5 , wherein the graphene electrode comprises a current collector and an active material coating disposed on the current collector, wherein the active material coating comprises a carbon material, a conductive polymer, and a graphite nitride. 
     
     
         9 . The system of  claim 8 , wherein a mass ratio between the carbon material, the conductive polymer, and the graphite nitride is 70-95:2-20:3-10. 
     
     
         10 . The system of  claim 9 , wherein the carbon material comprises nitrogen-doped graphene. 
     
     
         11 . The system of  claim 10 , wherein the nitrogen-doped graphene is functionalized with poly 3-hexylthiophene. 
     
     
         12 . The system of  claim 9 , wherein the carbon material comprises graphene comprising manganese dioxide nanoparticles on surfaces thereof. 
     
     
         13 . The system of  claim 9 , wherein the conductive polymer has an average molecular weight of 1,000 to 1,000,000; and
 wherein the graphite nitride comprises nanopores having a pore diameter of 2 to 200 nm.   
     
     
         14 . The supercapacitor of  claim 2 , wherein the graphene battery sheets each comprise a current collector and an active material coating disposed on the current collector, wherein the active material coating comprises a carbon material, a conductive polymer, and a graphite nitride. 
     
     
         15 . The supercapacitor of  claim 14 , wherein a mass ratio between the carbon material, the conductive polymer, and the graphite nitride is 70-95:2-20:3-10. 
     
     
         16 . The supercapacitor of  claim 15 , wherein the carbon material comprises nitrogen-doped graphene functionalized with poly 3-hexylthiophene. 
     
     
         17 . The supercapacitor of  claim 15 , wherein the carbon material comprises graphene comprising manganese dioxide nanoparticles on surfaces thereof. 
     
     
         18 . The supercapacitor of  claim 17 , wherein the manganese dioxide nanoparticles have a particulate size of 10 nm to 1 micron. 
     
     
         19 . The supercapacitor of  claim 17 , wherein a mass ratio of the conductive polymer to graphene is 1:10 to 1:40 and a mass ratio of manganese dioxide particles to graphene is 1:10 to 1:30. 
     
     
         20 . The supercapacitor of  claim 2 , comprising 20 to 100 layers of graphene, each layer having a thickness of 1 to 4 nm.