Hybrid Shear-Wall System for the Construction of Solid-Wood Buildings in Seismic Zones

Abstract

A hybrid shear wall system for construction of massive timber buildings of more than two stories in seismic zones, is provided, which presents a ductile behavior and reduced overturning effect against a lateral load caused by destructive natural events, such as earthquakes or strong winds; the shear wall system comprises an interior frame with articulated nodes of union between columns and sills, to which exterior massive timber panels are joined on both opposite faces, by means of individual energy dissipating connectors; where the frame comprises post-tensioned self-centering means, which together with the articulated nodes, the exterior massive timber panels and the connectors, act together as a unit and allow the shear wall to behave in a ductile manner and with reduced overturning effect under high lateral load.

1 . Hybrid shear wall system ( 1 ) for construction of massive wood buildings of more than two stories in seismic zones, which presents a ductile behavior and reduced overturning effect against a lateral load caused by destructive natural events, such as earthquakes or strong winds, wherein it comprises an interior frame ( 100 ) with hinged nodes ( 110 ) for connection between columns ( 120 ) and sills ( 130 ), to which are attached exterior massive wood panels ( 200 ) on both opposite sides, by means of individual energy dissipating connectors ( 300 ); where the frame ( 100 ) comprises post-tensioned self-centering means ( 400 ), which together with the articulated nodes ( 110 ), the exterior massive wood panels ( 200 ) and the connectors ( 300 ), act together as a unit and allow the shear wall ( 1 ) to behave in a ductile manner and with reduced overturning effect against a high lateral load. 
     
     
         2 . Hybrid shear wall system ( 1 ), according to claim wherein the columns ( 120 ) forming the frame ( 100 ) comprise extreme lateral columns ( 121 ) including at least one longitudinal channel ( 122 ) through which said self-centering means ( 400 ) pass. 
     
     
         3 . Hybrid shear wall system ( 1 ) according to  claim 2 , wherein the columns ( 120 ) further comprise at least one intermediate column ( 123 ), and wherein each of the columns ( 120 ) comprise an upper minor face ( 124 ), a lower minor face ( 125 ), an outer longitudinal face ( 126 ), an inner longitudinal face ( 127 ) and facing faces opposite each other ( 128 ). 
     
     
         4 . Hybrid shear wall system ( 1 ) according to  claim 1 , wherein the sills ( 130 ) forming the inner frame ( 100 ) comprise an upper sill ( 131 ) and a lower sill ( 132 ), which contain at least two transverse channels ( 133 ) through which said self-centering means ( 400 ) pass. 
     
     
         5 . Hybrid shear wall system ( 1 ) according to  claim 4 , wherein the sills ( 130 ) comprise lateral minor faces ( 134 ), an outer longitudinal face ( 135 ), an inner longitudinal face ( 136 ) and front longitudinal faces opposite each other ( 137 ). 
     
     
         6 . Hybrid shear wall system ( 1 ) according to  claim 1 , wherein the articulated nodes ( 110 ) of the inner frame ( 100 ) comprise a pivoting mechanical joint means allowing an assembly with relative movement in a plane, between said columns ( 120 ) and said sills ( 130 ). 
     
     
         7 . Hybrid shear wall system ( 1 ) according to  claim 6 , wherein said mechanical connecting means conforming to the articulated nodes ( 110 ) consists of a pair of rigid support platens parallel to each other crossed by a transverse connecting pin. 
     
     
         8 . Hybrid shear wall system ( 1 ) according to  claim 6 , wherein said mechanical joining means conforming to the articulated nodes ( 110 ) consists of a support block attached to the columns ( 120 ), on which the ends of the sills ( 130 ) are seated. 
     
     
         9 . Hybrid shear wall system ( 1 ) according to  claim 6 , wherein said mechanical connecting means conforming to the articulated nodes ( 110 ) consists of a seat bracket projected laterally from the columns ( 120 ), on which the ends of the sills ( 130 ) are seated. 
     
     
         10 . Hybrid shear wall system ( 1 ) according to claim wherein the self-centering means ( 400 ) comprise unattached turnbuckles ( 401 ), with a lower end ( 402 ), an opposite upper end ( 403 ) and are arranged at the top of the shear wall ( 1 ). 
     
     
         11 . Hybrid shear wall system ( 1 ) according to  claim 10 , wherein the lower end ( 402 ) of the turnbuckles ( 401 ) is anchored embedded in a foundation (A). 
     
     
         12 . Hybrid shear wall system ( 1 ), according to  claim 10 , wherein the lower end ( 402 ) of the turnbuckles ( 401 ) is fixed in an axially adjustable manner to coupling connector (B) between walls ( 1 ). 
     
     
         13 . Hybrid shear wall system ( 1 ) according to  claim 10 , wherein the upper end ( 403 ) of the turnbuckles ( 401 ) is fixed in an axially adjustable manner to a coupling connector (B) between walls ( 1 ). 
     
     
         14 . Hybrid shear wall system ( 1 ) according to  claim 10 , wherein the upper end ( 403 ) of the turnbuckles ( 401 ) is fixed in an axially adjustable manner to an anchor plate (D). 
     
     
         15 . Hybrid shear wall system ( 1 ) according to  claim 10 , wherein the turnbuckles ( 401 ) are spun bars, non-adherent, with adjustable fasteners at their ends of the anchor plate type. 
     
     
         16 . Hybrid shear wall system ( 1 ), according to  claim 10 , wherein the turnbuckles ( 401 ) are stranded, non-adherent, post-tensionable steel cables with wedge and anchor plate type. 
     
     
         17 . Hybrid shear wall system ( 1 ) according to claim wherein the energy dissipating connectors ( 300 ) comprise individual elements with respect to each other linking each of the outer massive wood panels ( 200 ) to the hinged inner frame ( 100 ), which are installed around the entire perimeter of the panel. 
     
     
         18 . Hybrid shear wall system ( 1 ) according to  claim 1 , wherein the connectors ( 300 ) are metal connectors of the dowel type, selected from the group of pins, screws and nails. 
     
     
         19 . Hybrid shear wall system ( 1 ) according to  claim 18 , wherein the connectors ( 300 ) are preferably self-drilling dowels. 
     
     
         20 . Hybrid shear wall system ( 1 ) according to  claim 18 , wherein the connectors ( 300 ) are preferably threaded bolts throughout. 
     
     
         21 . Hybrid shear wall system ( 1 ), according to  claim 1 , wherein the exterior panels ( 200 ) are structural wood panels chosen among cross-laminated mass timber (CLT) panels, OSB boards or Plywood panels, as longus they have a thickness of at least 60 millimeters. 
     
     
         22 . Hybrid shear wall system ( 1 ), according to claim wherein the panels ( 200 ) are preferably of massive cross-laminated timber (CLT) with a thickness between 60 mm and 100 mm. 
     
     
         23 . Hybrid shear wall system ( 1 ), according to claim wherein the columns ( 120 ) and the sills ( 130 ) forming the articulated inner frame ( 100 ) are steel profiles with a resistance from ASTM A-36 to ASTM A-53 (240 to 365 MPa). 
     
     
         24 . Hybrid shear wall system ( 1 ), according to  claim 23 , wherein preferably the steel profiles are tubular of rectangular section. 
     
     
         25 . Hybrid shear wall system ( 1 ), according to claim wherein the columns ( 120 ) and the slabs ( 130 ) forming the articulated inner frame ( 100 ) are made of concrete with a compressive strength in the range of 20 to 35 MPa. 
     
     
         26 . Hybrid shear wall system ( 1 ) according to  claim 25 , wherein the extreme lateral columns ( 121 ) are made of post-tensioned concrete. 
     
     
         27 . Hybrid shear wall system ( 1 ), according to  claim 1 , wherein the columns ( 120 ) and the sills ( 130 ) forming the articulated inner frame ( 100 ) are made of laminated wood with a strength in the range between 1.3E and 1.55E. 
     
     
         28 . Hybrid shear wall system ( 1 ) according to  claim 27 , wherein the columns ( 120 ) and sills ( 130 ) are, preferably of reconstituted laminated strand lumber (LSL) or glued laminated laminated lumber (MLE).