Systems and methods for improved fluid gun delivery systems

Abstract

A fluid delivery system can include a spray gun. The spray gun can include a mix chamber assembly having at least two bores configured to receive a first fluid and a second fluid, and a chamber fluidly coupled to the at least two bores, the chamber configured to mix the first and the second fluid. The spray gun can include a handle and a winged extension disposed to contact at least a portion of an operator's back hand when the operator holds the spray gun via the handle.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . An energy storage device comprising:
 a Si-dominant anode;   a cathode comprising a metal oxide; and   a separator disposed between the anode and the cathode, wherein the separator comprises an inorganic solid-state material selected from the group consisting of a lithium (Li)-ion superionic conductor (LISICON) ceramics, a sodium superionic conductor (NASICON) ceramics, a garnet-like structural ceramic, an oxide based perovskite-type ceramics, a sulfide based glassy and glass-ceramic, a Li-phosphorous-oxynitride (LiPON) ceramics, a Li-nitride-based material, Li argyrodite, Li 3 PO 4 , a Li halide material, and a Li hydride material.   
     
     
         2 . The energy storage device of  claim 1 , wherein the energy storage device further comprises a liquid electrolyte. 
     
     
         3 . The energy storage device of  claim 1 , wherein the inorganic solid-state material is a LISICON ceramics selected from the group consisting of Li 1+x+3z Al x (Ti,Ge) 2−x  Si 3z P 3−z O 12  (LAGP), Li 1+x Al x Ti 2−x (PO4) 3 , Li 14 Zn(GeO 4 ) 4 , Li 4 GeO 4 —Zn 2 GeO 4 , LiSiO 4-γ Li 3 PO 4 , Li 3.25 P 0.75 Ge 0.25 S 4 , Li 10 SnP 2 S 12 , Li 10 GeP 2 S 12 , Li 9.54 Si 1.74 P 1.44 S 11.7 Cl 0.3 , and Li 3.833 Sn 0.833 As 0.166 S 4 . 
     
     
         4 . The energy storage device of  claim 1 , wherein the inorganic solid-state material is a NASICON ceramics selected from the group consisting of Li 1+x Zr 2 P 3−x Si x O 12 , Li 1+x Al x Ti 2−x (PO 4 ) 3 , LiTi 2 (PO 4 ) 3 , LiGe 2 (PO 4 ) 3 , LiHf 2 (PO 4 ) 3 , LiZr 2 (PO 4 ) 3 . 
     
     
         5 . The energy storage device of  claim 1 , wherein the inorganic solid-state material is a garnet-like structural ceramics selected from the group consisting of Li 5 La 3 Ta 2 O 12 , Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 , Li 6.4 La 3 Zr 1.4 Ta 0.6 O 12  (Ta-doped LLZO), Li 7−3x  Al x La 3 Zr 2 O 12  (Al-doped LLZO), Li 6.5 La 3 Zr 1.5 Nb 0.5 O 12  (Nb-doped LLZO), Li 5.5 La 3 Nb 1.75 In 0.25 O 12 , Li 6 BaLa 2 Ta 2 O 12 , Li 6.5 La 3 Nb 1.25 Y 0.75 O 12 , Li 6.24 La 3 Zr 2 Al 0.24 O 11.98 , and Li 6.24 La 3 Zr 2 Ga 0.24 O 11.98 . 
     
     
         6 . The energy storage device of  claim 1 , wherein the inorganic solid-state material is an oxide based perovskite-type ceramics selected from the group consisting of Li 0.05−3x La 0.5+x TiO 3  (LLTO), Al-doped LLTP, Al-doped LLTO, Ti-doped LLTO, Ag-doped LLTO. 
     
     
         7 . The energy storage device of  claim 1 , wherein the inorganic solid-state material is a sulfide based glassy and glass-ceramic selected from the group consisting of Li 2 S—GeS 2 , Li 2 S—P 2 S 5 , Li 2 S—B 2 S 3 , Li 2 S—SiS 2 , and Li 10 MP 2 S 12 , wherein M is Si, Ge, or Sn. 
     
     
         8 . The energy storage device of  claim 1 , wherein the inorganic solid-state material is a LiPON ceramics. 
     
     
         9 . The energy storage device of  claim 1 , wherein the inorganic solid-state material is a Li-nitride-based material selected from the group consisting of Li 3 N, Li 7 PN 4 , LiSi 2 N 3 , and LiPN 2 . 
     
     
         10 . The energy storage device of  claim 1 , wherein the inorganic solid-state material is a Li argyrodite selected from the group consisting of Li 6 PS 5 Br, Li 6 PS 5 Cl, Li 7 PS 6 , Li 6 PS 5 I, and Li 6 PO 5 Cl. 
     
     
         11 . The energy storage device of  claim 1 , wherein the inorganic solid-state material is a Li halide material selected from the group consisting of Li 2 CdI 4 , Li 2 CdCl 4 , Li 2 MgCl 4 , and LiZnI 4 . 
     
     
         12 . The energy storage device of  claim 1 , wherein the inorganic solid-state material is a Li hydride material selected from the group consisting of Li 2 NH, LiBH 4 , LiAlH 4 , and LiNH 2 . 
     
     
         13 . The energy storage device of  claim 1 , wherein the separator further comprises a polymeric material. 
     
     
         14 . The energy storage device of  claim 13 , wherein the polymeric material is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene oxide (PEO), poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polycarbonate, polysiloxane, Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and hydroxy-terminated perfluoropolyether (PFPE-diol). 
     
     
         15 . The energy storage device of  claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide is selected from the group consisting of LiCoO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4  (LMO), NCM (or NCA), lithium rich xLi 2 MnO 3 .(1−x)LiMO 2 , nickel-rich layered oxides, lithium-rich layered oxides, high-voltage spinel oxides, and high-voltage polyanionic compounds; wherein x is greater than 0 and less than 1; and M is Mn, Ni, or Co. 
     
     
         16 . The energy storage device of  claim 15 , wherein the nickel-rich layered oxide comprises LiNi 1−x M x O 2 , wherein M is Co, Mn, or Al. 
     
     
         17 . The energy storage device of  claim 15 , wherein the Li-rich layered oxide comprises LiNi 1+x M 1−x O 2 , wherein M is Co, Mn, or Al. 
     
     
         18 . The energy storage device of  claim 15 , wherein the high-voltage spinel oxide comprises LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 . 
     
     
         19 . The energy storage device of  claim 15 , wherein the high-voltage polyanionic compound comprises phosphates, sulfates, or silicates. 
     
     
         20 . The energy storage device of  claim 1 , wherein the anode comprises:
 between about 50% and about 96% by weight of Si particles, and   between greater than 0% and about 50% by weight of one or more types of carbon phases, wherein at least one of the one or more types of carbon phases is a substantially continuous phase that holds the composite material film together such that the silicon particles are distributed throughout the composite material film.   
     
     
         21 . The energy storage device of  claim 20 , wherein the anode comprises more than about 50% by weight of Si particles. 
     
     
         22 . The energy storage device of  claim 2 , wherein the liquid electrolyte comprises a cyclic carbonate and/or a linear carbonate. In some implementations, the cyclic carbonate is a fluorine containing cyclic carbonate. Examples of the cyclic carbonate include fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), di-fluoroethylene carbonate (DiFEC), trifluoropropylene carbonate (TFPC), ethylene carbonate (EC), vinyl carbonate (VC), and propylene carbonate (PC), 4-fluoromethyl-5-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one (F-t-BC), 3,3-difluoropropylene carbonate (DFPC), 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-Nonafluorohexyl-1-ene carbonate, etc. Examples of the linear carbonate include ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), and diethyl carbonate (DEC), and some partially or fully fluorinated ones. In some implementations, the electrolyte may further contain other co-solvent(s), such as methyl acetate (MA), ethyl acetate (EA), methyl propanoate, and gamma butyrolactone (GBL). 
     
     
         23 . The energy storage device of  claim 22 , wherein the liquid electrolyte comprises FEC and EMC. 
     
     
         24 . The energy storage device of  claim 22 , wherein the liquid electrolyte comprises FEC at a concentration of about 5% to about 35% by weight.