US2022340609A1PendingUtilityA1

Organic electroluminescent materials and devices

Assignee: UNIVERSAL DISPLAY CORPPriority: Mar 31, 2021Filed: Mar 24, 2022Published: Oct 27, 2022
Est. expiryMar 31, 2041(~14.7 yrs left)· nominal 20-yr term from priority
C07F 5/027C07F 15/0033C07F 15/0086H01L 51/0072H01L 51/0073H01L 51/0087H01L 51/006H01L 51/0067H01L 51/008H01L 51/5016H01L 51/0056H01L 51/0094H01L 51/0074H01L 51/0058H01L 51/0054H01L 51/0085H10K 85/658H10K 2101/30H10K 85/346H10K 85/40H10K 85/342H10K 2101/10H10K 50/11H10K 2101/40
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Claims

Abstract

Provided are compounds comprising anionic bidentate ligands LA that are ligands of Pt and Ir complexes for OLED applications. Also provided are formulations comprising these compounds comprising anionic bidentate ligands LA that are ligands of Pt and Ir complexes for OLED applications. Further provided are OLEDs and related consumer products that utilize these compounds comprising anionic bidentate ligands LA that are ligands of Pt and Ir complexes for OLED applications.

Claims

exact text as granted — not AI-modified
What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A compound comprising an anionic bidentate ligand L A  that comprises a moiety L having a structure of Formula I: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein 
         Z is selected from the group consisting of B, Al, Ga, and C; 
            represents a single bond or a double bond; 
         Z—Y 1  is a single bond when Z is B, Al, or Ga; 
         Z—Y 1  is a double bond when Z is C; 
         Y 1  is NR′ or O when Z is B, Al, or Ga; 
         Y 1  is N when Z is C; 
         Y 2  is NR″ or O; 
         n is an integer from 1 to 3; 
         R A  represents mono to the maximum allowable substitution, or no substitution; 
         each R′, R″, R 1 , R 2  and R A  independently represents a hydrogen or a substituent selected from the group consisting of metal, deuterium, halogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, boryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, silyl, germyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroalkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, acyl, carboxylic acid, ether, ester, nitrile, isonitrile, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphino, selenyl, and combinations thereof; 
         the compound is neutral in charge; 
         L A  is coordinated to a single transition metal M; 
         the transition metal M is the only transition metal in the compound; 
         M is optionally coordinated to one or more other ligands; 
         if the one or more other ligands are present, at least one of the one or more other ligands has a denticity of at least two;
 L A  is optionally joined with at least one of the one or more other ligands to comprise a tridentate, tetradentate, pentadentate, or hexadentate ligand; and 
 any two of adjacent R′, R″, R 1 , R 2 , and R A  are optionally joined or fused together to form a ring. 
 
       
     
     
         2 . The compound of  claim 1 , wherein R′, R″, R 1 , R 2  and R A  independently represents a hydrogen or a substituent selected from the group consisting of metal, deuterium, fluorine, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, silyl, boryl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, nitrile, isonitrile, sulfanyl, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         3 . The compound of  claim 1 , wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Ir, Pd, and Pt. 
     
     
         4 . The compound of  claim 1 , wherein Y 1  is NR′, or wherein Y 2  is NR″. 
     
     
         5 . The compound of  claim 1 , wherein the moiety L is selected from the group consisting of the following moieties: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         6 . The compound of  claim 1 , wherein the ligand L A  is selected from the group consisting of the following ligands 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein R B  and R C  have the same definition as R A . 
     
     
         7 . The compound of  claim 1 , wherein the ligand L A  is selected from the group consisting of the following ligands: 
       
         
           
                 
                 
                 
                 
               
                     
                 
                   L A   
                   Structure of L A   
                   L A   
                   Structure of L A   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A 1- (Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl), L A 1- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 1- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                   L A 2- (Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl), L A 2- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 2- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A 3- (Ri)(Rk)(Rl), L A 3- (R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 3- (R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                   L A 4- (Ri)(Rk)(Rl), L A 4- (R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 4- (R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A 5- (Rk)(Rl), L A 5- (R1)(R1) to L A 5- (R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                   L A 6- (Rk)(Rl), L A 6- (R1)(R1) to L A 6- (R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A 7- (Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl), L A 7- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 7- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                   L A 8- (Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl), L A 8- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 8- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A 9- (Rk)(Rl), L A 9- (R1)(R1) to L A 9- (R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                   L A 10- (Rk)(Rl), L A 10- (R1)(R1) to L A 10- (R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A 11- (Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl), L A 11- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 11- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                   L A 12- (Rj)(Rk)(Rl), L A 12- (R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 12- (R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A 13- (Rj)(Rk)(Rl), L A 13- (R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 13- (R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                   L A 14- (Rj)(Rk)(Rl), L A 14- (R1)(R1) to L A 14- (R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A 15- (Rj)(Rk)(Rl), L A 15- (R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 15- (R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                   L A 16- (Rj)(Rk)(Rl), L A 16- (R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 16- (R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A 17- (Rk)(Rl), L A 17- (R1)(R1) to L A 17- (R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                   L A 18- (Rj)(Rk)(Rl), L A 18- (R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 18- (R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A 19- (Rk)(Rl), L A 19- (R1)(R1) to L A 19- (R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                   L A 20- (Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A 20- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 20- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A 21- (Ri)(Rk)(Rl), L A 21- (R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 21- (R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                   L A 22- (Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A 22- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 22- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A 23- (Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A 23- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 23- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                   L A 24- (Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A 24- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 24- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A 25- (Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A 25- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 25- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                   L A 26- (Ri)(Rk)(Rl), L A 26- (R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 26- (R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A 27- (Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A 27- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 27- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                   L A 28- (Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A 28- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 28- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A 29- (Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A 29- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 29- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                   L A 30- (Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A 30- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 30- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A 31- (Ri)(Rk)(Rl), L A 31- (R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 31- (R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                   L A 32- (Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A 32- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 32- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A 33- (Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A 33- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 33- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                   L A 34- (Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A 34- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 34- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A 35- (Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A 35- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 35- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                   L A 36- (Rk)(Rl), L A 36- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 39- (R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A 37- (Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A 37- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 37- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                   L A 38- (Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A 38- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 38- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A 39- (Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A 39- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 39- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                   L A 40- (Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A 40- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 40- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A 41- (Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A 41- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 41- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                   L A 42- (Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A 42- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 42- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A 43- (Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A 43- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 43- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                   L A 44- (Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A 44- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 44- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A 45- (Ri)(Rk)(Rl), L A 45- (R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 45- (R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                   L A 46- (Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A 46- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 46- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A 47- (Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A 47- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 47- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                   L A 48- (Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A 48- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 48- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A 49- (Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A 49- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 49- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                   L A 50- (Rk)(Rl), L A 50- (R1)(R1) to L A 50- (R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A 51- (Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A 51- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 51- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                   L A 52 (Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A 52- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 52- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A 53- (Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A 53- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 53- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                   L A 54- (Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A 54- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 54- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A 55- (Rk)(Rl), L A 55- (R1)(R1) to L A 55- (R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                   L A 56- (Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A 56- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 56- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A 57- (Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A 57- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 57- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                   L A 58- (Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A 58- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 58- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A 59- (Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A 58- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 58- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                   L A 60- (Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A 60- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 60- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A 61- (Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A 61- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 61- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                   L A 62- (Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A 62- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 62- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A 63- (Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A 63- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 63- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                   L A 64- (Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A 64- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 64- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A 65- (Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A 65- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 65- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                   L A 66- (Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A 66- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 66- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A 67- (Ri)(Rj)(Rk), L A 67- (R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 67- (R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                   L A 68- (Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A 68- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 68- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A 69- (Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A 69- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 66- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                   L A 70- (Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A 70- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 70- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A 71- (Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A 71- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 71- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                   L A 72- (Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A 72- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 72- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A 73- (Ri(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A 73- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 73- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                   L A 74- (Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A 74- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 74- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A 75- (Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A 75- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 75- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                   L A 76- (Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A 76- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 76- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A 77- (Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A 77- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 77- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                   L A 78- (Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A 78- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 78- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A 79- (Ri)(Rj)(Rk), L A 79- (R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 79- (R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                   L A 80- (Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A 80- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 80- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A 81- (Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A 81- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 81- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                   L A 82- (Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A 82- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 82- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A 83- (Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A 83- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 83- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                   L A 84- (Ri)(Rj)(Rk), L A 84- (R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 84- (R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A 85- (Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A 85- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 85- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                   L A 86- (Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A 86- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 86- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A 87- (Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A 87- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 87- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                   L A 88- (Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A 88- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 88- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A 89- (Ri)(Rj)(Rk), L A 89- (R1)(R1)((R1) to L A 89- (R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                   L A 90- (Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A 90- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 90- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A 91- (Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A 91- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 91- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                   L A 92- (Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A 92- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 92- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A 93- (Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A 93- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 93- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                   L A 94- (Rk)(Rl), L A 94- (R1)(R1) to L A 94- (R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A 95- (Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A 95- (R1)(R1)((R1)(R1) to L A 95- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                   L A 96- (Rk)(Rl)6, L A 96- (R1)(R1) to L A 96- (R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A 97- (Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl), L A 97- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 93- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                   L A 98- (Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl), L A 98- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 98- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A 99- (Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl), L A 99- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 99- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                   L A 100- (Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl), L A 100- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 100- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A 101- (Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl), L A 101- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 101- (R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                   L A 102- (Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl), L A 102- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 102- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A 103- (Rk)(Rl), L A 103- (R1)(R1) to L A 103- (R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                   L A 104- (Rk)(Rl), L A 104- (R1)(R1) to L A 104- (R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A 105- (Rk)(Rl), L A 105- (R1)(R1) to L A 105- (R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                   L A 106- (Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A 106- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 106- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A 107- (Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A 107- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 107- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                   L A 108- (Rk)(Rl), L A 108- (R1)(R1) to L A 108- (R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A 109- (Rk)(Rl), L A 109- (R1)(R1) to L A 109- (R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                   L A 110- (Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A 110- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 110- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A 111- (Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A 111- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 111- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                   L A 112- (Rk)(Rl), L A 112- (R1)(R1) to L A 112- (R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A 113- (Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A 113- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 113- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                   L A 114- (Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A 114- (R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A 114- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A 115- (Rk)(Rl), L A 115 (R1)(R1) to L A 115- (R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                   L A 116- (Rk)(Rl), L A 116- (R1)(R1) to L A 116- (R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
             
                
                
                
               
               
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
               
            
           
         
         wherein Ri, Rj, Rk, Rl, Rm, and Rn are each independently selected from the following groups: 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         8 . The compound of  claim 1 , wherein the compound has a formula of M(L A ) p (L B ) q (L C ) r  wherein L B  and L C  are each a bidentate ligand; and wherein p is 1, 2, or 3; q is 0, 1, or 2; r is 0, 1, or 2; and p+q+r is the oxidation state of the metal M. 
     
     
         9 . The compound of  claim 8 , wherein L B  and L C  are each independently selected from the group consisting of the following ligands: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein: T is selected from the group consisting of B, Al, Ga, and In; each of Y to Y 13  is independently selected from the group consisting of carbon and nitrogen; Y′ is selected from the group consisting of BR e , NR e , PR e , O, S, Se, C═O, S═O, SO 2 , CR e R f , SiR e R f , and GeR e R f ; R e  and R f  can be fused or joined to form a ring; each R a , R b , R c , and R d  independently represent zero, mono, or up to a maximum allowed number of substitutions to its associated ring; each of R a1 , R b1 , R c1 , R d1 , R a , R b , R c , R d , R e  and R f  is independently a hydrogen or a substituent selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halide, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, silyl, germyl, boryl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroalkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, acyl, carbonyl, carboxylic acid, ester, nitrile, isonitrile, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphino, selenyl, and combinations thereof; and 
         any two adjacent R a , R b , R c , R d , R e  and R f  can be fused or joined to form a ring or form a multidentate ligand. 
       
     
     
         10 . The compound of  claim 8 , wherein L B  and L C  are each independently selected from the group consisting of the following ligands: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein: R a ′, R b ′, and R c ′ each independently represent zero, mono, or up to a maximum allowed number of substitutions to its associated ring; each of R a1 , R b1 , R c1 , R a , R b , R c , R d , R e , R f , R g , R N , R a ′, R b ′, and R c ′ is independently hydrogen or a substituent selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halide, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, silyl, germyl, boryl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroalkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, acyl, carbonyl, carboxylic acid, ester, nitrile, isonitrile, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphino, selenyl, and combinations thereof; and 
         two adjacent R a , R b , R c , R d , R e , R f , R g , R N , R a ′, R b ′, and R c ′ can be fused or joined to form a ring or form a multidentate ligand. 
       
     
     
         11 . The compound of  claim 8 , wherein each L B  is selected from the group consisting of the following ligands: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         12 . The compound of  claim 1 , wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of the following compounds: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         13 . The compound of  claim 8 , wherein the compound has the Formula II, Formula III, or Formula IV: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein: 
         M 1  is Pd or Pt; 
         moieties A, C, E and F are each independently monocyclic or polycyclic ring structure comprising 5-membered and/or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic rings; 
         Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 3 , and Z 4  are each independently C or N; 
         K 1 , K 2 , K 3 , and K 4  are each independently selected from the group consisting of a direct bond, O, and S, wherein at least two of them are direct bonds; 
         L 1 , L 2 , and L 3  are each independently selected from the group consisting of a single bond, absent a bond, O, S, CR′R″, SiR′R″, BR′, P(O)R, and NR′, wherein at least one of L 1  and L 2  is present; 
         R B , R C , R E  and R F  each independently represent zero, mono, or up to a maximum allowed number of substitutions to its associated ring; 
         each of R′, R″, R B , R C , R E , and R F  is independently a hydrogen or a substituent selected from the group consisting of deuterium, fluorine, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, silyl, germyl, boryl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, nitrile, isonitrile, sulfanyl, selenyl, and combinations thereof; 
         two adjacent R B , R C , R E , and R F  can be joined or fused together to form a ring where chemically feasible; and 
         Z, Y′, Y 2 , R A , and n are all defined the same as above. 
       
     
     
         14 . The compound of  claim 13 , wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of compounds having the formula of Pt(L A′ )(Ly): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         Wherein L A′  is selected from the group consisting of the structures shown below: 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         Wherein L y  is selected from the group consisting of the structures shown below: 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein R E  and R F  each independently represent mono up to a maximum allowed substitutions, or no substitutions; 
       wherein each of R E , R F , R X , and R Y  is independently represents a hydrogen or a substituent selected from the group consisting of metal, deuterium, halogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, boryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, silyl, germyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroalkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, acyl, carboxylic acid, ether, ester, nitrile, isonitrile, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphino, selenyl, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         15 . The compound of  claim 13 , wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of compounds having the formula of Pt(L A′ )(Ly) wherein each L A′  is independently selected from the group consisting of L A′ 1-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 2-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 3-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 4-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 5-(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 6-(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 7-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 8-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 9-(Rk)(Rj), L A′ 10-(Rk)(Rj), L A′ 11-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 12-(Rj)(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 13-(Rj)(Rk)(Rj), L A′ 14-(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 15-(Rj)(Rk)(Rj), L A′ 16-(Rj)(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 17-(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 18-(Rj)(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 19-(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 20-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 21-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 22-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 23-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 24-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 25-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 26-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 27-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 28-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 29-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 30-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 31-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 32-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 33-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 34-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 35-(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 36-(Rk)(Rj), L A′ 37-(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 38-(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 39-(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 40-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 41-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 42-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 43-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 44-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 45-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 46-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 47-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 48-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 49-(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 50-(Rk)(Rj), L′ A 51-(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 52(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 53-(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 54-(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 55-(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 56-(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 57-(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 58-(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 59-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A′ 60-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A′ 61-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A′ 62-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A′ 63-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A′ 64-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A′ 65-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A′ 66-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A′ 67-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk), L A′ 68-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A′ 69-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A′ 70-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A′ 71-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A′ 72-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A′ 73-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A′ 74-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A′ 75-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A′ 76-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A′ 77-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A′ 78-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A′ 79-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk), L A′ 80-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A′ 81-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A′ 82-(Ri)(j)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A′ 83-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A′ 84-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk), L A′ 85-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A′ 86-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A′ 87-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A′ 88-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A′ 89-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk), L A′ 90-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A′ 91-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A′ 92-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A′ 93-(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 94-(Rk)(Rj), L A′ 95-(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 96-(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 97-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 98-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(R″, L A′ 99-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 100-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 101-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 102-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 103-(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 104-(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 105-(Rk)(Rj), L A′ 106-(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 107-(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 108-(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 109-(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 110-(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 111-(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 112-(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 113-(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 114-(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 115-(Rk)(Rj), L A′ 116-(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 117-(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 118-(Rk)(Rj), L A′ 119-(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 120-(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 121-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 122-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 123-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 124-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 125-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 126-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 127-(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 128-(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 129-(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 130-(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 131-(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 132-(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 133-(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 134-(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 135-(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 136-(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 137-(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 138-(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 139-(Rk)(Rl), and L A′ 140-(Rk)(Rl);
 each L y  is independently selected from the group consisting of L y 1-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), L y 2-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), L y 3-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), L y 4-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), L y 5-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), L y 6-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), L y 7-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), L y 8-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), L y 9-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), L y 10-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), L y 11-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), L y 12-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), L y 13-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), L y 14-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), L y 15-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), L y 16-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), L y 17-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), L y 18-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), L y 19-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), L y 20-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), L y 21-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), L y 22-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), L y 23-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), L y 24-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), L y 25-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), L y 26-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), L y 27-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), L y 28-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), L y 29-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), L y 30-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), L y 31-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), L y 32-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), and L y 33-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq); 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         Wherein L A′  is selected from the group consisting of the structures shown below: 
       
       
         
           
                 
                 
               
                     
                 
                   L A′   
                   Structure of L A′   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 1-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 1-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 1- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 2-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 2-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 2- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 3-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 3-(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 3- (R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 4-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 4-(R1(R1)(R1) to L A′ 4- (R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 5-(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 5-(R1)(R1) to L A′ 5- (R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 6-(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 6-(R1)(R1) to L A′ 6- (R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 7-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 7-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 7- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 8-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 8-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 8- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 9-(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 9-(R1)(R1) to L A′ 9- (R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 10-(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 10-(R1)(R1) to L A′ 10- (R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 11-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 11-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 11- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 12-(Rj)(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 12-(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 12- (R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 13-(Rj)(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 13-(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 13- (R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 14-(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 14-(R1)(R1) to L A′ 14- (R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 15-(Rj)(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 15-(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 15- (R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 16-(Rj)(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 16-(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 16- (R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 17-(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 17-(R1)(R1) to L A′ 17- (R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 18-(Rj)(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 18-(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 18- (R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 19-(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 19-(R1)(R1) to L A′ 19- (R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 20-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm) (Rn), L A′ 20-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) (R1) to L A′ 20- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 21-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 21-(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 21- (R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 22-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm) (Rn), L A′ 22-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) (R1) to L A′ 22- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 23-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm) (Rn), L A′ 23-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) (R1) to L A′ 23- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 24-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm) (Rn), L A′ 24-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) (R1) to L A′ 24- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 25-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm) (Rn), L A′ 25-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) (R1) to L A′ 25- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 26-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 26-(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 26- (R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 27-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm) (Rn), L A′ 27-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) (R1) to L A′ 27- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 28-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm) (Rn), L A′ 28-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) (R1) to L A′ 28- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 29-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm) (Rn), L A′ 29-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) (R1) to L A′ 29- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 30-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm) (Rn), L A′ 30-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) (R1) to L A′ 30- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 31-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 31-(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 31- (R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 32-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm) (Rn), L A′ 32-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) (R1) to L A′ 32- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 33-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm) (Rn), L A′ 33-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) (R1) to L A′ 33- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 34-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm) (Rn), L A′ 34-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) (R1) to L A′ 34- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 35-(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 35-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 35- (R86)(R86)(R86)(R86) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 36-(Rk)(Rl), L A ′36-(R1)(R1) to L A′ 39- (R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 37-(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 37-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 37- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 38-(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 38-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 38- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 39-(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 39-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 39- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 40-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm) (Rn), L A′ 40-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) (R1) to L A′ 40- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure   
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 41-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm) (Rn), L A′ 41-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) (R1) to L A′ 41- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure   
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 42-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm) (Rn), L A′ 42-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) (R1) to L A′ 42- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure   
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 43-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm) (Rn), L A′ 43-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) (R1) to L A′ 43- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure   
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 44-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm) (Rn), L A′ 44-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) (R1) to L A′ 44- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure   
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 45-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 45-(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 45- (R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 46-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm) (Rn), L A′ 46-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) (R1) to L A′ 46- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure   
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 47-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm) (Rn), L A′ 47-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) (R1) to L A′ 47- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure   
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 48-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm) (Rn), L A′ 48-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) (R1) to L A′ 48- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 49-(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 49-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 49- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 50-(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 50-(R1)(R1) to L A′ 50- (R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 51-(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 51-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 51- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 52-(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 52-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 52- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 53-(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 53-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 53- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 54-(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 54-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 54- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 55-(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 55-(R1)(R1) to L A′ 55- (R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 56-(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 56-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 56- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 57-(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 57-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 57- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 58-(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 58-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to  LA′ 58- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 59-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A′ 59-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 59- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 60-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A′ 60-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 60- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 61-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A′ 61-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 61- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 62-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A′ 62-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 62- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 63-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A′ 63-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 63- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 64-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A′ 64-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 64- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 65-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A′ 65-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 65- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 66-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl) (Rm), L A′ 66-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) (R1) to L A′ 66- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure   
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 67-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk), L A′ 67-(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′6 7- (R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 68-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl) (Rm), L A′ 68-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) (R1) to L A′ 68- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure   
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 69-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl) (Rm), L A′ 69-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) (R1) to L A′ 69- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 70-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl) (Rm), L A′ 70-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) (R1) to L A′ 70- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 71-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A′ 71-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 71- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 72-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A′ 72-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 72- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 73-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A′ 73-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 73- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 74-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A′ 74-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 74- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 75-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A′ 75-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 75- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 76-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A′ 76-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 76- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 77-(Ri)(Rk)(Rl)(Rm), L A′ 77-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 77- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 78-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl) (Rm), L A′ 78-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) (R1) to L A′ 78- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure   
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 79-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk), L A′ 79-(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 79- (R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 80-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl) (Rm), L A′ 80-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) (R1) to L A′ 80- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure  
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 81-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl) (Rm), L A′ 81-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) (R1) to L A′ 81- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure  
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 82-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl) (Rm), L A′ 82-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) (R1) to L A′ 82- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure   
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 83-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl) (Rm), L A′ 83-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) (R1) to L A′ 83- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure   
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 84-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk), L A′ 84-(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 84- (R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 85-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl) (Rm), L A′ 85-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) (R1) to L A′ 85- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure   
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 86-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl) (Rm), L A′ 86-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) (R1) to L A′ 86- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 87-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl) (Rm), L A′ 87-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) (R1) to L A′ 87- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure  
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A ′88-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl) (Rm), L A′ 88-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) (R1) to L A′ 88- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure  
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 89-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk), L A′ 89-(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 89- (R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 90-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl) (Rm), L A′ 90-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) (R1) to L A′ 90- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure   
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 91-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl) (Rm), L A′ 91-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) (R1) to L A′ 91- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 92-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl) (Rm), L A′ 92-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) (R1) to L A′ 92- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) (R138) having the structure   
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 93-(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 93-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 93- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 94-(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 94-(R1)(R1) to L A′ 94- (R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 95-(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 95-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 95- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 96-(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 96-(R1)(R1) to L A′ 96- (R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 97-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 97-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 97- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 98-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 98-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 98- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 99-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 99-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 99- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 100-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 100-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 100- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 101-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 101-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 101- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 102-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 102-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 102- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 103-(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 103-(R1)(R1) to L A′ 103- (R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 104-(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 104-(R1)(R1) to L A′ 104- (R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 105-(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 105-(R1)(R1) to L A′ 105- (R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 106-(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 106-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 106- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 107-(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 107-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 107- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 108-(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 108-(R1)(R1) to L A′ 108- (R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 109-(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 109-(R1)(R1) to L A′ 109- (R138)(R138) having the structure  
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 110-(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 110-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 110- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 111-(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 111-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 111- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 112-(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 112-(R1)(R1) to L A′ 112- (R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 113-(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 113-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 113- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 114-(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 114-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 114- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 115-(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 115-(R1)(R1) to L A′ 115- (R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 116-(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 116-(R1)(R1) to L A′ 116- (R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 117-(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 117-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to  LA′ 117- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 118-(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 118-(R1)(R1) to L A′ 118- (R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 119-(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 119-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 119- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 120-(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 120-(R1)(R1) to L A′ 120- (R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 121-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 121-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 121- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 122-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 122-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 122- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 123-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 123-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 123- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 124-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 124-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 124- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 125-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 125-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 125- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 126-(Ri)(Rj)(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 126-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 126- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 127-(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 127-(R1)(R1) to L A′ 127- (R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 128-(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 128-(R1)(R1) to L A′ 128- (R138)(R138) having the structure  
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 129-(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 129-(R1)(R1) to L A′ 129- (R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 130-(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 130-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 130- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 131-(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 131-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 131- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 132-(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 132-(R1)(R1) to L A′ 132- (R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 133-(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 133-(R1)(R1) to L A′ 133- (R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 134-(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 134-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 134- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 135-(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 135-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 135- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 136-(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 136-(R1)(R1) to L A′ 136- (R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 137-(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 137-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 137- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 138-(Rk)(Rl)(Rm)(Rn), L A′ 138-(R1)(R1)(R1)(R1) to L A′ 138- (R138)(R138)(R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 139-(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 139-(R1)(R1) to L A′ 139- (R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L A′ 140-(Rk)(Rl), L A′ 140-(R1)(R1) to L A′ 140- (R138)(R138) having the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
             
                
                
                
               
               
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
               
            
           
         
         wherein L y  is selected from the group consisting of the structures shown below: 
       
       
         
           
                 
                 
               
                     
                 
                   L y   
                   Structure of L y   
                 
                     
                 
                   L y 1-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), wherein L y 1- (R1)(R1)(R1) to L y 1- (R138)(R138)(R138) have the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L y 2-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), wherein Ly2- (R1)(R1)(R1) to Ly2- (R138)(R138)(R138) have the structure    
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L y 3-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), wherein L y 3- (R1)(R1)(R1) to L y 3- (R138)(R138)(R138) have the structure  
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L y 4-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), wherein L y 4- (1)(1)(1) to L y 4- (R138)(R138)(R138) have the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L y 5-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), wherein L y 5- (R1)(R1)(R1) to L y 5- (R138)(R138)(R138) have the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L y 6-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), wherein L y 6- (R1)(R1)(R1) to L y 6- (R138)(R138)(R138) have the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L y 7-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), wherein L y 7- (R1)(R1)(R1) to L y 7- (R138)(R138)(R138) have the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L y 8-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), wherein L y 8- (R1)(R1)(R1) to L y 8- (R138)(R138)(R138) have the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L y 9-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), wherein L y 9- (R1)(R1)(R1) to L y 9- (R138)(R138)(R138) have the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L y 10-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), wherein L y 10- (R1)(R1)(R1) to L y 10- (R138)(R138)(R138) have the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L y 11-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), wherein L y 11- (R1)(R1)(R1) to L y 11- (R138)(R138)(R138) have the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L y 12-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), wherein L y 12- (R1)(R1)(R1) to L y 12- (R138)(R138)(R138) have the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L y 13-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), wherein L y 13- (R1)(R1)(R1) to L y 13- (R138)(R138)(R138) have the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L y 14-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), wherein L y 14- (R1)(R1)(R1) to L y 14- (R138)(R138)(R138) have the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L y 15-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), wherein L y 15- (R1)(R1)(R1) to L y 15- (R138)(R138)(R138) have the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L y 16-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), wherein L y 16- (R1)(R1)(R1) to L y 16- (R138)(R138)(R138) have the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L y 17-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), wherein L y 17- (R1)(R1)(R1) to L y 17- (R138)(R138)(R138) have the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L y 18-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), wherein L y 18- (R1)(R1)(R1) to L y 18- (R138)(R138)(R138) have the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L y 19-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), wherein L y 19- (R1)(R1)(R1) to L y 19- (R138)(R138)(R138) have the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L y 20-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), wherein L y 20- (R1)(R1)(R1) to L y 20- (R138)(R138)(R138) have the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L y 21-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), wherein L y 21- (R1)(R1)(R1) to L y 21- (R138)(R138)(R138) have the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L y 22-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), wherein L y 22- (R1)(R1)(R1) to L y 22- (R138)(R138)(R138) have the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L y 23-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), wherein L y 23- (R1)(R1)(R1) to L y 23- (R138)(R138)(R138) have the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L y 24-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), wherein L y 24- (R1)(R1)(R1) to L y 24- (R138)(R138)(R138) have the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L y 25-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), wherein L y 25- (R1)(R1)(R1) to L y 25- (R138)(R138)(R138) have the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L y 26-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), wherein L y 26- (R1)(R1)(R1) to L y 26- (R138)(R138)(R138) have the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L y 27-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), wherein L y 27- (R1)(R1)(R1) to L y 27- (R138)(R138)(R138) have the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L y 28-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), wherein L y 28- (R1)(R1)(R1) to L y 28- (R138)(R138)(R138) have the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L y 29-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), wherein L y 29- (R1)(R1)(R1) to L y 29- (R138)(R138)(R138) have the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L y 30-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), wherein L y 30- (R1)(R1)(R1) to L y 30- (R138)(R138)(R138) have the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L y 31-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), wherein L y 31- (R1)(R1)(R1) to L y 31- (R138)(R138)(R138) have the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L y 32-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), wherein L y 32- (R1)(R1)(R1) to L y 32- (R138)(R138)(R138) have the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
                   L y 33-(Ro)(Rp)(Rq), wherein L y 33- (R1)(R1)(R1) to L y 33- (R138)(R138)(R138) have the structure 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                           
                           
                       
                     
                   
                 
                     
                 
             
                
                
                
               
               
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
               
            
           
         
         wherein each R1 to R138 is independently represents a hydrogen or a substituent selected from the group consisting of metal, deuterium, halogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, boryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, silyl, germyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroalkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, acyl, carboxylic acid, ether, ester, nitrile, isonitrile, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphino, selenyl, and combinations thereof. 
       
     
     
         16 . The compound of  claim 13 , wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of the following compounds: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         17 . An organic light emitting device (OLED) comprising:
 a cathode; and   an organic layer disposed between the anode and the cathode,   wherein the organic layer comprises a compound according to  claim 1 .   
     
     
         18 . The OLED of  claim 17 , wherein the organic layer further comprises a host, wherein host comprises at least one chemical moiety selected from the group consisting of triphenylene, carbazole, indolocarbazole, dibenzothiphene, dibenzofuran, dibenzoselenophene, 5l2-benzo[d]benzo[4,5]imidazo[3,2-a]imidazole, 5,9-dioxa-13b-boranaphtho[3,2,1-de]anthracene, triazine, aza-triphenylene, aza-carbazole, aza-indolocarbazole, aza-dibenzothiophene, aza-dibenzofuran, aza-dibenzoselenophene, aza-5l2-benzo[d]benzo[4,5]imidazo[3,2-a]imidazole, and aza-(5,9-dioxa-13b-boranaphtho[3,2,1-de]anthracene). 
     
     
         19 . The OLED of  claim 18 , wherein the host is selected from the group consisting of the following hosts: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         and combinations thereof. The OLED of claim  53 , wherein the organic layer further comprises a host, wherein the host comprises a metal complex. 
       
     
     
         20 . A consumer product comprising an organic light-emitting device (OLED) comprising:
 an anode;   a cathode; and   an organic layer disposed between the anode and the cathode,   wherein the organic layer comprises a compound according to  claim 1 .

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