Assessing risk of reading and language impairment

Abstract

Described herein are the association BV677278 (READ1) with reading disability and language impairment, as well as the synergistic interaction of DCDC2 risk haplotypes or alleles with KIAA0319 risk allele.

1 - 7 . (canceled) 
     
     
         8 . A method of assaying a sample for a haplotype, comprising: (a) obtaining a sample comprising nucleic acids from an individual;
 (b) sequencing nucleic acids in the sample; and   (c) determining if the sample comprises at least one of the following:
 (i) a CGCGAG haplotype in a doublecortin domain containing 2 (DCDC2) gene in the DYX2 locus at positions rs33914824, rs807694, rs707864, rs10456301, rs16889066, and rs9379651, respectively; 
 (ii) a CACGAG haplotype in a DCDC2 gene in the DYX2 locus at positions rs33914824, rs807694, rs707864, rs10456301, rs16889066, and rs9379651, respectively; or 
 (iii) both the CGCGAG haplotype of (i) and the CACGAG haplotype of (ii) in a DCDC2 gene in the DYX2 locus. 
   
     
     
         9 - 11 . (canceled) 
     
     
         12 . The method of  claim 8 , wherein the sample is blood, cells or tissue. 
     
     
         13 . The method of  claim 8 , further comprising in (b):
 sequencing the sample and determining if the sample comprises:   (iv) allele 5 of a DCDC2 gene (SEQ ID NO: 35) in the DYX2 locus,   (v) allele 6 of a DCDC2 gene (SEQ ID NO: 36) in the DYX2 locus, or   (iv) both allele 5 of a DCDC2 gene and allele 6 of a DCDC2 gene.   
     
     
         14 - 16 . (canceled) 
     
     
         17 . The method of  claim 13 , wherein the sample is blood, cells or tissue. 
     
     
         18 - 62 . (canceled) 
     
     
         63 . The method of  claim 8 , wherein if the sample comprises any one of (i)-(iii), the individual is identified as having or susceptible for developing a learning disability (LD) and is treated, wherein treating comprises providing interventions using books on tape;
 using word-processing programs with spell-check features; helping the individual learn through multisensory experiences; teaching coping tools; and providing services to strengthen the individual's ability to recognize and pronounce words.   
     
     
         64 . The method of  claim 13 , wherein if the sample comprises any one of (i)-(vi), the individual is identified as at risk for developing a learning disability and is monitored to assess whether development of a learning disability occurs and, if development occurs, treating the individual, wherein treating comprises providing interventions including services and materials, including but not limited to: using special teaching techniques; making classroom modifications; using books on tape; using word-processing programs with spell-check features; helping the individual learn through multisensory experiences; teaching coping tools; and providing services to strengthen the individual's ability to recognize and pronounce words. 
     
     
         65 . The method of  claim 63 , wherein the classroom modifications comprise providing extra time to complete tasks or taped tests to permit the individual to hear, rather than read, the tests. 
     
     
         66 . The method of  claim 64 , wherein the classroom modifications comprise providing extra time to complete tasks or taped tests to permit the individual to hear, rather than read, the tests.