Shuttering element and method for constructing a concrete structure in a cavity

Abstract

The invention relates to a shuttering element and to a method for constructing a concrete structure in a cavity. The shuttering element according to the invention is intended for the construction of a vertical wall of a concrete structure intended to contain a liquid. The shuttering element (100) comprises a first shuttering panel (110) made of perforated sheet metal, a second shuttering panel (120) made of fiber cement, and a plurality of spacers (130). It is possible to use the shuttering element (100) reversibly in the construction method. The construction method allows the production of a one-piece reinforced concrete structure which is dimensionally stable and not likely to crack. Furthermore, it is readily possible to widen the upper leveling of the walls in order to support the curbstones without any risk of cracks and/or breakages. Furthermore, the structure is variable while being compatible with any finishing covering.

1 . A shuttering element for constructing a vertical wall of a concrete structure intended to contain a liquid, the shuttering element having inner faces and outer faces which are respectively oriented toward the interior and exterior of the shuttering element, the shuttering element comprising:
 a first shuttering panel made of perforated sheet metal,   a second shuttering panel made of fiber cement, and   spacers fixed to the inner faces to keep the shuttering panels parallel to each other and at a distance from each other,   wherein the shuttering element comprises:   an opening, said lower opening, made in one of the outer faces, referred to as the first outer face, at a first end of the first outer face,   an opening, said upper opening, made in the other of the outer faces, referred to as the second outer face, at a second end of the second outer face, opposition to the first end,   in order to form a reversible shuttering element of which the orientation depends of the finishing covering to be applied, and for which the opening arranged at the lower end of the shuttering element, once the shuttering element installed in a vertical position, allows the concrete to flow.   
     
     
         2 . The shuttering element according to  claim 1 , wherein the lower opening extends over the entire width of the first outer face. 
     
     
         3 . The shuttering element according to  claim 1 , wherein the spacers are articulated between a folded transport position in which the inner faces are held against each other and a deployed position of use in which the inner faces are parallel to each other and at a distance from each other. 
     
     
         4 . The shuttering element according to  claim 1 , wherein the inner faces each comprise a plurality of stiffeners into which the plurality of spacers are fitted. 
     
     
         5 . The shuttering element according to  claim 1 , further comprising:
 a third panel made of perforated sheet metal, which is folded at least in two parts, referred to as the first part and second part, the first part and the second part each comprising an inner face and an outer face,   wherein the third panel is fixed on the second outer face so that the outer faces of the first part and of the second part are oriented toward the outside of the shuttering element and in such a way as to:   hold the inner face of the first part substantially below the upper opening, and   arrange the second part substantially at the level of the upper opening to form a predetermined acute angle between the inner face of the second part and a plane containing the upper opening.   
     
     
         6 . The shuttering element according to  claim 5 , wherein the upper opening extends over all or part of the width of the second outer face. 
     
     
         7 . The shuttering element according to  claim 5 , further comprising a plurality of horizontal stiffeners fixed on the upper leveling of the second outer face and on at least one side of the second part. 
     
     
         8 . A method for constructing a concrete structure in a cavity, the structure being intended to contain a liquid, the method comprising the following steps:
 providing a plurality of shuttering elements, each of the shuttering elements having inner faces and outer faces which are respectively oriented toward the interior and exterior of the shuttering element, each of the shuttering elements comprising:
 a first shuttering panel made of perforated sheet metal, 
 a second shuttering panel made of fiber cement, and 
 spacers fixed to the inner faces to keep the shuttering panels parallel to each other and at a distance from each other, 
 wherein each of the shuttering elements comprises: 
 an opening, said lower opening, made in one of the outer faces, referred to as the first outer face, at a first end of the first outer face, 
 an opening, said upper opening, made in the other of the outer faces, referred to as the second outer face, at a second end of the second outer face, opposition to the first end, 
 in order to form a reversible shuttering element of which the orientation depends of the finishing covering to be applied, and for which the opening arranged at the lower end of the shuttering element, once the shuttering element installed in a vertical position, allows the concrete to flow, 
 vertically juxtaposing the plurality of shuttering elements on a bottom surface of the cavity, so as to orient the first openings toward the interior of the cavity, 
 arranging first reinforcements inside the plurality of shuttering elements, 
 arranging second reinforcements on the bottom surface of the cavity, so as to insert all or part of the ends of the second reinforcements in the lower openings, 
 first pouring fresh concrete inside the plurality of shuttering elements in order to form the walls of the structure, and 
 then pouring fresh concrete on the bottom surface of the cavity in order to form the concrete slab while the concrete inside the plurality of shuttering elements is still fresh. 
   
     
     
         9 . The method according to  claim 8 , further comprising the following step, when the first outer faces of the plurality of shuttering elements are made of fiber cement:
 applying a first layer of a first watertight liquid membrane on the outer faces of each of the plurality of shuttering panels, so that the first liquid membrane forms a first watertight shell upon drying.   
     
     
         10 . The method according to  claim 8  further comprising the following step:
 applying a second layer of a second watertight liquid membrane on the first watertight shell, so that the second liquid membrane forms a second watertight shell upon drying. 
 
     
     
         11 . The method according to  claim 10 , wherein the first liquid membrane and the second liquid membrane are applied in crossed layers. 
     
     
         12 . The method according to  claim 10 , wherein the first watertight liquid membrane is different from the second watertight liquid membrane. 
     
     
         13 . The method according to  claim 10 , wherein a finishing covering is applied to the first watertight shell or to the second watertight shell.