Controlling Analogue Gain of an Audio Signal Using Digital Gain Estimation and Gain Adaption

Abstract

A gain control system for controlling gain applied to an audio signal includes a power estimator configured to estimate the power of a digital signal derived from the audio signal, a digital gain estimator configured to determine, in dependence on the estimated power, a digital gain which would modify the power of the digital signal so as to reach a target power level, and a gain controller configured to adjust an analogue gain applied to the audio signal in dependence on the determined digital gain.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A gain control system for controlling gain applied to an audio signal, the system comprising:
 a power estimator configured to estimate the power of a digital signal derived from the audio signal;   a digital gain estimator configured to determine, in dependence on the estimated power, a digital gain which would modify the power of the digital signal so as to reach a target power level; and   a gain controller configured to adjust an analogue gain applied to the audio signal in dependence on the determined digital gain, in a plurality of gain adaptions, wherein the amount of time between gain adaptions is dependent on one or more of: the current analogue gain level, a predefined maximum time, and a predefined minimum time.   
     
     
         2 . The gain control system as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the gain adjustment applied in each gain adaption is limited by a predefined maximum amount of gain. 
     
     
         3 . The gain control system as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the amount of time between gain adaptions is bounded by the predefined maximum time and the predefined minimum time. 
     
     
         4 . The gain control system as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the audio signal is a microphone signal. 
     
     
         5 . The gain control system as claimed in  claim 1 , further comprising a voice detector configured to detect a presence of voice in the digital signal, wherein the gain controller is configured to adjust the analogue gain only if the presence of voice is detected. 
     
     
         6 . The gain control system as claimed in  claim 5 , wherein the gain controller is configured to reduce the gain applied to the audio signal if the presence of voice is detected and the estimated power is greater than the target power level or to increase the gain applied to the audio signal if the presence of voice is detected and the estimated signal power is less than the target power level. 
     
     
         7 . The gain control system as claimed in  claim 5 , wherein the gain controller is configured to perform the adjustment of the analogue gain in response to the voice detector subsequently detecting an absence of voice in the digital signal. 
     
     
         8 . The gain control system as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the gain controller is configured to perform the adjustment of the analogue gain in response to subsequently detecting that the power of the digital signal is below a power threshold. 
     
     
         9 . The gain control system as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the estimated power is an average power determined from a plurality of frames of the digital signal. 
     
     
         10 . The gain control system as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the gain controller is configured to retrieve a value for the analogue gain that corresponds to the digital gain from a lookup table. 
     
     
         11 . The gain control system as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the gain controller is configured to adjust the analogue gain applied to the audio signal from a current gain level to an adjusted gain level at an adjustment rate, the rate being determined in dependence on the power difference between the digital signal power and the target power level. 
     
     
         12 . The gain control system as claimed in  claim 11 , wherein the adjustment rate is variable and the gain controller is configured to increase the adjustment rate in response to determining an increase in the power difference between the digital signal power and the target power level. 
     
     
         13 . The gain control system as claimed in  claim 11 , wherein the adjustment rate is variable and the gain controller is configured to decrease the adjustment rate in response to determining a decrease in the power difference between the digital signal power and the target power level. 
     
     
         14 . The gain control system as claimed in  claim 11  wherein the adjustment rate is determined in dependence on the current gain level or the adjusted gain level. 
     
     
         15 . The gain control system as claimed in  claim 11 , wherein if the adjusted gain level is greater than the current gain level, the gain controller is configured to determine a first adjustment rate and if the adjusted gain level is less than the current gain level, the gain controller is configured to determine a second adjustment rate that is greater than the first adjustment rate. 
     
     
         16 . The gain control system as claimed in  claim 1 , further comprising an echo canceller configured to cancel echo from the audio signal, wherein the digital signal is an echo cancelled signal. 
     
     
         17 . The gain control system as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the digital gain estimator is further configured to smooth the determined digital gain, the gain controller being configured to adjust the analogue gain applied in dependence on the smoothed digital gain. 
     
     
         18 . A method for controlling gain applied to an audio signal, the method comprising:
 estimating the power of a digital signal derived from the audio signal;   determining, in dependence on the estimated power, a digital gain which would modify the power of the digital signal so as to reach a target power level; and   adjusting an analogue gain applied to the audio signal in dependence on the determined digital gain in a plurality of gain adaptions, wherein the amount of time between gain adaptions is dependent on one or more of: the current analogue gain level, a predefined maximum time, and a predefined minimum time.   
     
     
         19 . The method as claimed in  claim 18 , wherein adjusting comprises reducing the gain applied to the audio signal if the presence of voice is detected and the estimated power is greater than the target power level or increasing the gain applied to the audio signal if the presence of voice is detected and the estimated signal power is less than the target power level. 
     
     
         20 . A non-transitory computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer readable dataset description of an integrated circuit that, when processed in an integrated circuit manufacturing system, causes the integrated circuit manufacturing system to manufacture a gain control system for controlling gain applied to an audio signal wherein the gain control system is embodied in hardware on an integrated circuit, the system comprising:
 a power estimator configured to estimate the power of a digital signal derived from the audio signal;   a digital gain estimator configured to determine, in dependence on the estimated power, a digital gain which would modify the power of the digital signal so as to reach a target power level; and   a gain controller configured to adjust an analogue gain applied to the audio signal in dependence on the determined digital gain in a plurality of gain adaptions, wherein the amount of time between gain adaptions is dependent on one or more of: the current analogue gain level, a predefined maximum time, and a predefined minimum time.