Method for providing artificial basins, swimming pools and the like

Abstract

A method for providing artificial basins, swimming pools, which includes the steps of performing an excavation that corresponds to the artificial basin according to design specifications, providing a substrate, on the surfaces of the excavation, and arranging equipment and piping for supplying and discharging water on the substrate. The method further includes distributing on the substrate and on the overlying equipment and piping a first layer, distributing a second layer, which is at least partially impermeable. After the consolidation of the second layer, the surface thereof is shaped with abrasive tools and instruments. At least one third layer is spread, and a fifth layer is spread, which is impermeable.

1 . A method for providing artificial basins, swimming pools, the method includes the following steps:
 performing an excavation that corresponds to an artificial basin according to design specifications,   providing a substrate, on surfaces of said excavation, said substrate chosen from a substrate made of nonwoven fabric, a substrate made of a material comprising silica, a substrate made of gravel, a substrate made of at least partially polymeric mineral material of non-organic origin, a substrate made of composite material, a substrate made of polymeric material, a substrate made of compacted soil/sand, and combinations thereof,   arranging equipment and piping for supplying and discharging water on said substrate,   distributing on the substrate and on overlying equipment and piping a first layer constituted by a mixture of water, mineral binder of non-organic origin, sand with low particle size value, and acrylic resin, in a percentage variable between 0% and 10% with respect to the non-organic mineral binder, adapted to render said first layer suitable for the adhesion of additional layers for lining,   distributing a second layer, which is at least partially impermeable, constituted by a mixture of water, mineral binder of non-organic origin, sand with low particle size value, acrylic resin, in a percentage variable between 0% and 10% with respect to the non-organic mineral binder, fibers of silica, glass, and hemp, having a length comprised between 1.0 cm and 6 cm, and a material that allows shaping and has a low relative density, chosen from cork in chips, hemp fibers, natural fibers, and granules of expanded polymeric material,   after consolidation of said second layer, shaping the surface of said second layer with abrasive tools and instruments, until the surface is rendered completely uniform and compliant with the design standards,   spreading at least one third layer constituted by a mixture of water, mineral binder of non-organic origin, sand with low particle size value, acrylic resin, in a percentage variable between 0% and 10% with respect to the non-organic mineral binder, and at least one structural mesh made of fiber of silica, and glass, with at least unidirectional mechanical properties, and   spreading a fifth layer, which is impermeable, constituted by a mixture of water, light-colored mineral binder of non-organic origin, silica sands with low particle size value, acrylic resin, in a percentage variable between 0% and 10% with respect to the non-organic mineral binder, and fibers of silica, glass, and hemp, having a length comprised between 1.0 cm and 6 cm.   
     
     
         2 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein said mineral binder of non-organic origin is chosen from a binder comprising silica, a calcareous-siliceous binder, a calcareous/cement binder, a geopolymeric binder, and a combination thereof. 
     
     
         3 . The method according to  claim 1 , further comprising a sixth and last impermeable finishing layer constituted by a mixture of:
 water,   mineral binder of non-organic origin,   sand of a final color to be given to the artificial basin being provided, with particle size variable between 0.01 mm and 1.8 mm, and   acrylic resin in a percentage variable between 0% and 10% with respect to the non-organic mineral binder.   
     
     
         4 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the mixture used to provide said first layer is constituted by a part of solid premix, which comprises non-organic mineral binder and sand with low particle size, and a part of a mixture of water and acrylic resin in a percentage variable between 0% and 10% with respect to the non-organic mineral binder. 
     
     
         5 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the fibers of silica, glass, and hemp comprised in said second layer have a length comprised between 1.2 cm and 5 cm and are present in a percentage comprised between 3% and 5%. 
     
     
         6 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the material of said second layer is mixed by a concrete mixer, with the addition of water and acrylic resin in a percentage variable between 3% and 7% with respect to the binder comprising silica, and is distributed for a thickness comprised between 2 cm and 10 cm, coating completely the excavation up to a portion that is contiguous and slightly downward-sloping which is arranged to surround the side walls of said excavation, said portion providing perimetric shores. 
     
     
         7 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein said second layer comprises shaped solid components made of a material with low relative density of an expanded polymer and arranged to rest on said first layer, said shaped solid components being chosen from steps, seats, decorative shaped blocks, and functional shaped blocks. 
     
     
         8 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein said third layer is constituted by an overlap of at least two stratifications, at least one first stratification comprising at least one mesh with mechanical properties which are at least unidirectional along the direction of the length of the basin, at least one second stratification comprising at least one mesh with mechanical properties which are at least unidirectional along the direction of the width of the basin, said meshes having a tensile strength, along the at least one direction of action, of no less than 2100 N for each strip of 5 cm of width. 
     
     
         9 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein at least one between said fifth layer and said sixth layer, which are impermeable finishing layers, comprises sand with a particle size that can vary between 0.02 mm and 1.5 mm, acrylic resin in a percentage that can vary between 3% and 7% with respect to the binder based on calcite, comprising belite to increase its degree of surface watertightness also in terms of durability, and anti-filming additives, configured to avoid the forming of surface films on the layer, and anti-cracking additives, configured to prevent cracking of the layer. 
     
     
         10 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein said geopolymeric binder comprises synthetic materials based on aluminosilicates.