Prefabricated modular system for constructing a sustainable dwelling

Abstract

The present invention is based on the construction of sustainable homes, which are built from the following structural elements or components: A foundation slab, some walls built from tongue-and-groove pieces or blocks, A mezzanine roof slab and/or roof terrace, an arrangement of a recirculating system that saves drinking water with temperature control; A water-saving recirculating system arrangement in showers.

1 . A prefabricated modular system for sustainable dwelling construction comprising:
 a foundation slab  100 ;   walls built from pieces or blocks of the tongue-and-groove type  200 ;   a slab for a mezzanine roof and/or roof  300 ,  400 ,  500 ;   wherein said slab  500  is made up of two main components defined by a precast base  510  that in its internal part houses a portion of a support structure  520 ;   wherein the precast base  510  is made of concrete and has a rectangular cross section that in two of its ends have an L-shaped support flange  511  configured so that the ends of tablets  502  rest on it;   the support structure  520  is partially inside the precast base  510 , and is composed of a plurality of bars of preferably circular cross-section where in an upper part a main bar  521  is located in a horizontal arrangement, in a lower part of said main bar  521  there is a plurality of pyramidal arrangements  522  integrated each of these arrangements by at least four bars in a triangular arrangement that at each of their lower ends are joined by electro welding with a longitudinal tension arrangement  523  that are at least three bars parallel to each other and which are interconnected by a connecting bar  524  and which is coupled in a perpendicular arrangement with respect to the axial axes of the bars that make up the longitudinal tension arrangement where the support structure  520  is located inside the precast base from an area proximal to the lower part of pyramid arrangements  5   22  to the bottom of the longitudinal tension arrangement  523 ;   wherein the tablets  502  are made up of two main components, a main base  530  and an insulating cover  540 ; wherein the main base  530 , has a globally rectangular cross-section and that at each of its ends locates an inverted L-shaped flange  531 , which during the assembly of the modular system for construction  500  is interconnected with the support groove  511  of the precast base  510 , on the upper face of the main base and perpendicular to the groove  511 , the main base  530  has at least one pair of reinforcing projections  532  that are arranged in a truncated pyramidal shape in where the lower base of this interconnects with the upper face of the main base  530 , while the insulating cover  540  preferably made of polystyrene, has a generally prismatic rectangular shape that in its lower part has at least one pair of grooves  541  of truncated pyramidal cross section, which interconnects with the reinforcing projections  532  of the main base  530 ;   wherein the slab  500  is made up of a precast base  510  that in its internal part houses a portion of a support structure  520 , where the precast base  510  is made of concrete, it has a rectangular cross section that in two of its ends has an L-shaped support flange  511  configured so that the ends of tablets  502  rest on it; the support structure  520  is partially inside the precast base  510 , and is composed of a plurality of bars of preferably circular cross-section where in the upper part a main bar  521  is located in a horizontal arrangement, in the lower part of said main bar  521  there is a plurality of pyramidal arrangements  522  integrated each of these arrangements by at least four bars in a triangular arrangement that at each of their lower ends are joined by electro welding with a longitudinal tension arrangement  523  that are It consists of at least three bars parallel to each other and which are interconnected by means of a connecting bar  524  of preferably cylindrical shape and which is coupled in a perpendicular arrangement with respect to the axial axes of the bars that make up the longitudinal tension arrangement where the support structure  520  is located inside the precast base from an area proximal to the bottom of the pyramidal arrays  522  to the bottom of the longitudinal tension array  523  and where the tablets  502  are made up of two main components, a main base  530  and an insulating cover  540 ; wherein the main base  530 , preferably made of concrete, has a globally rectangular cross-section and that at each of its ends locates an inverted L-shaped flange  531 , which during the assembly of the modular system for construction  500  is interconnected with the support groove  511  of the precast base  510 , on the upper face of the main base and perpendicular to the groove  511 , the main base  530  has at least one pair of reinforcing projections  532  that are arranged in a truncated pyramidal shape in where the lower base of this interconnects with the upper face of the main base  530 , while the insulating cover  540  preferably made of polystyrene, has a generally prismatic rectangular shape that in its lower part has at least one pair of grooves  541  of truncated pyramidal cross section, which interconnects with the reinforcing projections  532  of the main base  530 .   
     
     
         2 . The prefabricated modular system for sustainable dwelling construction in accordance with  claim 1 , wherein the system has an arrangement of a recirculating system that saves drinking water for showers with temperature control  600  and a provision of a recirculating system that saves water in showers  700 . 
     
     
         3 . The prefabricated modular system for sustainable dwelling construction in accordance with  claim 1 , wherein the foundation slab  100  is arranged on top of a substrate  2 , which is leveled for the addition of the components that make up the structure, the foundation slab  100  is made up of a plurality of rods electro welded and interconnected with each other where a plurality of lower rods  101  arranged horizontally have their dwelling; In the upper part and through a series of interconnections and electro welding in a preferential way there are intermediate rods  102 , which have a perpendicular arrangement with respect to the lower rods  101  and that in their upper part have an arrangement of upper rods  103  where they have a series of interlocks of similar characteristics to those available in the lower arrangement and that when closing the arrangement of the foundation slab form a plurality of cubic spacings that vary in size 2-6″ 5.08-12.324 cm, where the wire used for the construction of these meshes it is of high resistance Fy=6000 kg/cm2 that vary in height from 10×10 to 10×30 cm and the gauges are variable, and that in the periphery as well as in the delimitation of internal sections of the foundation slab  100  are it has the outlet of a vertical connecting and reinforcing rod  104 , which has a preferably circular section and is arranged vertically; finally it has a dispersion of a concrete mix  3  to hide the foundation slab  100  that is on top of the substrate  2 . 
     
     
         4 . The prefabricated modular system for sustainable dwelling construction according to  claim 1 , wherein:
 the tongue-and-groove type blocks  200  have a series of elements with different configurations where they can be located: a block of a base tongue and groove type  210 , a block of a coupled tongue  220 , a base two-tapped block base  230  a mated couple tongue  240 , a primary three-tap block  250 , and a coupled three-tap block  260  where the block of a base tongue and groove type  210  is integrated by a structure preferably made of concrete and this has a preferably quadrangular section, having on at least one of its faces an insertion profile  211 , which is integrated in turn by the at least one pair of curved reliefs  212  that have a crest in their middle part; in the upper part it has a extrusion  213  of a globally conical shape, truncated in the upper part and that in this same upper portion has a past drilling in its middle art, which has a generally cylindrical shape and that is coincident with the axial axis of the body of the block of a base tongue and groove type  210 , while at the opposite end to the extrusion of tongue and groove  213  has a tongue insert cavity  214  which has a generally truncated conical shape, since it is the place where the tongue-and-groove extrusion  213  of the one-tongue block is inserted, as well as the extrusions of the secondary and tertiary base blocks;   wherein the block of a coupled tongue  220  is integrated by a structure preferably made of concrete and this has a preferably quadrangular section, having on at least one of its faces a receiving profile  221 , which is integrated in turn by the least two U-shaped reliefs  222 ; in the upper part it has a extrusion  223  of a globally conical shape, truncated in the upper part and that in this same upper portion has a through hole in its middle part, which has a generally cylindrical shape and that is coincident with the axial axis of the body of the block of a base tongue and groove type  210 , while at the end opposite the tongue extrusion  223  has a tongue insert cavity  224  which has a generally truncated conical shape, since it is the place where the tongue-and-groove extrusion  223  of the one-tongue block is inserted, as well as the extrusions of the secondary and tertiary base blocks;   wherein the block of tapped block base  230  is integrated by a structure made of concrete and has a preferably quadrangular section, having on at least one of its faces an insertion profile  231 , which is integrated in turn by at least one pair of curved reliefs  232  that have a crest in their middle part; In the upper part it has two extrusions  233  of a globally conical shape, truncated in the upper part and that in this same upper portion has a past drilling in its middle art, which has a generally cylindrical shape and that is coincident with the axial axis of the body of the tapped block base  230 , while at the end opposite the tongue extrusions  233  has a tongue insert cavity  234  which has a generally truncated conical shape, since it is the place where The tongue-and-groove extrusion  233  of the block of a tongue-and-groove is inserted, as well as the extrusions of the secondary and tertiary base blocks;   wherein the coupled block of two couple tongue  240  is integrated by a structure made of concrete and this has a quadrangular section, having on at least one of its faces a reception profile  241 , which is integrated in turn by the least two U-shaped reliefs  242 ; in the upper part it has two extrusions  243  of a globally conical shape, truncated in the upper part and that in this same upper portion has a through hole in its middle part, which has a generally cylindrical shape and that is coincident with the axial axis of the body of the block of a base tongue and groove type  210 , while at the opposite end to the tongue-and-groove extrusions  243  it has a tongue-and-groove insertion cavity  224  which has a generally truncated conical shape, every time which is the place where the tongue-and-groove extrusion  243  of the one-tongue block is inserted, as well as the extrusions of the secondary and tertiary base blocks;   wherein the block of primary three-tap block  250  is integrated by a structure made of concrete preferably and this has a preferably quadrangular section, having on at least one of its faces an insertion profile  251 , which is integrated in turn by the except for a pair of curved reliefs  252  that have a crest in their middle part; In the upper part it has three extrusions  253  of a globally conical shape, truncated in the upper part and that in this same upper portion has a past drilling in its middle art, which has a generally cylindrical shape and that is coincident with the axial axis of the body of the block of a primary three-tap block  250 , while at the opposite end of the tongue-and-groove extrusions  253  it has a tongue-and-groove insertion cavity  254  which has a generally truncated conical shape, since it is the place where the tongue-and-groove extrusion  253  of the one-tongue Block is inserted, as well as the extrusions of the secondary and tertiary base blocks;   wherein the coupled block of coupled three-tap block  260  is integrated by a structure preferably made of concrete and this has a preferably quadrangular section, having on at least one of its faces a reception profile  261 , which is integrated in turn by the least two U-shaped relief  262 ; In the upper part it has three extrusions  263  of a globally conical shape, truncated in the upper part and that in this same upper portion has a through hole in its middle part, which has a generally cylindrical shape and that is coincident with the axial axis of the body of the block of a coupled three-tap block  260 , while at the opposite end to the tongue-and-groove extrusions  263  has three insertion cavities of tongue-and-groove  264  which has a generally truncated conical shape, since it is the place where the tongue-and-groove extrusion  263  of the one-tongue block is inserted, as well as the extrusions of the secondary and tertiary base blocks.   
     
     
         5 . The prefabricated modular system for sustainable dwelling construction according to  claim 1 , wherein the tongue-and-groove blocks  200 , these have through holes  280  in the axial axes that are coincident with the tongue-and-groove insertion cavities and the tongue-and-groove extrusions, that allow access to the electrical, hydraulic and sanitary installations  105  that the house requires for its correct operation, in each of these, the insertion of the connecting rods and vertical reinforcement  104 , through holes  280 ;
 Wherein for easy access to specific areas of the electrical installation, there are installation blocks  260  where some of the blocks such as the three base  260  and three coupled connections  260 , among others, contain inserted one, two and up to three  270 E electrical registers that are coincident with one of the tongue-and-groove extrusions, there are, among others, the block of two base tongues  260 , the block of coupled three-tap block  260  with an access window  270 H that allows access to the hydraulic components that are arranged inside said blocks; and for the upper portion of the system, there is the coupling of upper lintel blocks  290  where these are mainly made of reinforced concrete and where they have a generally rectangular prismatic shape, which in their upper part have a plurality of connecting extrusions  291  wherein they have a circular shape; at each of their upper ends they have an insert bore  292  where it has a cylindrical shape that has a partial hollow inside that receives a lower extrusion  294  that is located on the opposite face from where the insertion profile  211  is connected,  FIG. 10D  shows how the upper lintel blocks  290  are accommodated in the door and window enclosures, as well as the lower lintel block  293 . 
 
     
     
         6 . The prefabricated modular system for sustainable dwelling construction in accordance with  claim 1 , wherein the slab  300  is composed of a precast slab with lightweight concrete, of a T-section configuration, to form a thermoacoustic slab  300  with width dimensions standardized, but with varying length and superelevation able, to fit the specific needs of the building where this slab  300  contains a female lateral lap  301  and a male lateral lap  302  that serve to longitudinally join several T-sections to form a single thermoacoustic slab, perforations  303  in the slab slopes that serve to allow the branching of the electrical and hydraulic networks, to lightening the slab and that are later covered with a piece of polystyrene in the lower part, thus achieving a finish without the need for plastered, to generating a vacuum to obtain thermal and acoustic properties; a cut  304  is also shown in the lower flanges for the insertion of the slab and a chain of enclosure of the work to be roofed. 
     
     
         7 . The prefabricated modular system for sustainable dwelling construction in accordance with  claim 1 , wherein the inverted T-section slab  400  forms a thermoacoustic slab, where a central beam  401  is seen, which is the main central structural element, the precast base  402  containing an interior steel frame; Likewise, it has in its upper part some  407  expanded polystyrene blocks, which lighten the slab and provide it with thermoacoustic properties, it also has longitudinal tension steel rods  403 , which are variable in their caliber and which are electro welded with the transverse rods  404  forming the electro welded base mesh; said base mesh is electro welded with the central zigzag ladder  405  and the upper longitudinal steel  406 , which together make up the reinforcing steel of the central beam  401 , where the steels used are grade  60  and the calibers of the longitudinal rods are variable adjusting to the structural needs of a specific work, there is also a  408  upper electro welded mesh to absorb deformations due to temperature changes, where in its upper part a compression layer casting is incorporated where when joining several sections of inverted T slab  400  in conjunction with the expanded polystyrene plates  407  that remain in the center, and the compression layer of the upper part with the electro welded mesh  408  with the closing chain  409 , a slab of variable section is achieved according to the needs of a work, which provides thermal and acoustic properties in addition to having its precast base  402  does not require the use of false ceilings and because they are perfectly aligned only requires a paste-like finish on the ceiling. 
     
     
         8 . The prefabricated modular system for sustainable dwelling construction in accordance with  claim 1 , wherein the hydraulic installation  600  is composed of a cistern  601  that houses water that is pumped to a tank  604  through the water filling line of the cistern to the water tank  603 ; a  602  water pump is generally used, where the water stored in tank  604  travels through the outlet line from tank  605  and is distributed to two channels, the tank line to heater  607  and the line from the tank. water tank to the cold water tap  609 ; to obtain water at the desired temperature through the shower  615 , the cold water  610  and the hot water  611  taps are commonly opened, regulating the flow of both until the combination gives us a desired water temperature to avoid that the water is wasted as it comes out through the showerhead  615  at the desired temperature, the control system  612  installed in the hydraulic system, where the water coming from the heater  606  through the heater line to the hot tap  608  is first directed to the control system  612 , where this temperature control system records the desired temperature indicated by the user through its display  618 ; if the water that is circulating through said control system  612 , is not yet at a temperature equal to or greater than that indicated, the control system closes the solenoid valve  614  and opens the solenoid valve  613  directing the water through the line  616  to a water storage tank  617 , preventing the same from traveling and leaving through the shower  615 , preventing it from being wasted; once the temperature of the water circulating in the control system  612  is at a temperature equal to or greater than that indicated by the user, the solenoid valve  613  closes and the solenoid valve  614  opens, allowing the flow of water Now it is directed towards the shower  615  at the same time that this happens, an opening signal  620  is sent to the electro valve  619  of the storage tank  617 , allowing it to empty releasing the water contained towards the shower  615  and thus be ready to go back to its storage function;
 Wherein the system stores the water it was stagnant in the hot water pipes, and do not allow it to flow out of the shower  615  until it is at the desired temperature, which prevents it from being spilled into the drains, achieving considerable savings in m3 of water consumption for cleaning by each user. 
 
     
     
         9 . The prefabricated modular system for sustainable dwelling construction in accordance with  claim 1 , wherein the hydraulic installation  700  is stored in a cistern  701  and is pumped to a water tank  702  through the water filling line  703  from the cistern to the tank, using a water pump  704  where the water stored in tank  702  travels through outlet line  705  and is distributed to two branches, these being line  706  from tank to heater  707  and line  708  from tank to water tank. the cold water tap  709 ; and that to obtain water at the desired temperature, through the shower  710 , the hot water tap  711  is opened first, and then the cold water tap  709 , regulating the flow of both until the combination gives a water temperature desired; while the hot water reaches the showerhead  710  and to prevent it from being wasted, the control system  712  containing the showerhead  710  is schematized and is connected to the combined water line  713 ; said control system  712  activates, by a wireless signal, a circulatory pump  714 ; Finally, it also has a hot water line  716  and a check valve  715  that prevents the return of water to the tank  702 . 
     
     
         10 . The prefabricated modular system for sustainable dwelling construction in accordance with  claim 1 , wherein the hydraulic installation  700  where the hot water tap  711  at the time of opening, the water begins to circulate through the hot water line  716  and tries to exit through shower  710  when traveling through combined water line  713 ; as soon as the temperature sensor  717  detects that the water is still cold, the control system  712  closes a solenoid valve preventing the water from flowing out of the showerhead  710  and at the same time sends a wireless signal to the recirculation pump  714 ; the pump makes the water flow recirculating inside the hot and cold water lines, preventing it from going out through the showerhead  710  and being wasted when it is flushed down the drain and once the sensor  717  detects the hot water, it sends a signal to the water system, control  712  making it activate the solenoid valve inside it and allow the hot water to flow through the combined water line  713  and exit through the showerhead  710 ; simultaneously the control system  712  sends a wireless signal to the recirculation pump  714  to stop pumping. 
     
     
         11 . The prefabricated modular system for sustainable dwelling construction in accordance with  claim 1 , wherein the hydraulic installation  700  in the control system  712  contains inside an electro-mechanical system with a liter counter with digital display  719  that shows the amount of liters that are circulated through the shower  710  as well as a digital display  720  that shows the temperature at which the system was programmed to activate recirculation, in the same sense it has a  721  wireless signal system of the control system  712  as the wireless signal system  722  of the recirculating pump  714  whose function is to send the pumping on and/or off signal as well as a presence sensor  718  whose function is to prevent the passage of water through the showerhead  710  when the user leaves the range or zone of falling water. 
     
     
         12 . The prefabricated modular system for sustainable dwelling construction in accordance with  claim 1 , wherein the hydraulic installation  700  has a control module  730  that is in charge of controlling the water circulation and that corresponds to the control system  712 , this module It is made up of a microcontroller that is in charge of processing the information received from the temperature sensor  733 , which is sensor  17  and with which the value of the temperature of the water in the mixing pipe is received, which when detecting by means of sensor  735  that a user opens the taps  709  and  711  to bathe, then the microcontroller activates a solenoid valve that prevents the passage of water, immediately activating a WIFI module  738  by means of which an activation signal of the recirculation pump is sent  714 , as already described above, when the temperature sensor detects that the water in the mixing pipe is at the correct temperature determined by the user, then the microcontroller  731  sends the signal to the WIFI module  738  to stop the recirculation pump and in turn deactivates the solenoid valve of the shower so that the flow of water leaves the shower in a normal way, taking into account the sensor data, and process The information received in the microcontroller  731  shows information regarding the water temperature through the control of the  737  display, which is responsible for displaying this information on the  720  display, while the amount of water consumption in liters It is shown by means of the display control  736 , which is in charge of showing the information on water consumption on the display  719  of  FIG. 38 . 
     
     
         13 . The prefabricated modular system for sustainable dwelling construction in accordance with  claim 1 , wherein the hydraulic installation  700  in its recirculation module  739 , is made up of a WIFI module  740  which receives the signal from the WIFI module  738  when required turn on the pump, so the detection of said signal is sent to the microcontroller  741  where the signal corresponding to a power interface  742  is processed and generated with which the pump  743  corresponding to the pump  714  of the figure is turned on.  35 , when the water in the mixing pipe reaches the set temperature, then the pump is turned off to keep the water flow normally. 
     
     
         14 . The prefabricated modular system for sustainable dwelling construction in accordance with  claim 1 , wherein the hydraulic installation  700  which in one mode, the microcontroller  731  is in communication with a presence sensor  734  by the presence of a user under the shower and that when he leaves it the solenoid valve is activated with which the flow of water in the shower is blocked until the presence of the user is again detected under it. 
     
     
         15 . The prefabricated modular system for sustainable dwelling construction in accordance with  claim 1 , wherein the hydraulic installation  700  has stages where the control of the water-saving recirculation system in showers is carried out, in such a way that in the step  744 , the microcontroller  731  detects the flow of water when a user opens the taps  709  and  711 , this by means of the flow sensor  735 , and to start the flow of water, then the microcontroller  731  by means of the temperature sensor  733  detects the water temperature in step  745  and compares it with the value determined by the user and if the temperature is not within the determined value, then the microcontroller activates a solenoid valve located in the shower to prevent the flow of water from leaving the shower, immediately sending a signal in step  746  to activate the water recirculation system, which is carried out by means of the water pump. circulation  714 , making the water flow inside the same pipe, as already described, for later in step  747  it is verified if the temperature is already within the determined value, which in the event that it is not within the determined value, then it returns to step  745  to continue detecting the water temperature and maintain the recirculation of the water within the same pipe, in the case that in  747  the value of the water temperature is determined that is equal to the determined value, then the recirculation pump is deactivated in step  748  and the shower solenoid valve is deactivated so that the flow of hot water flows through it. 
     
     
         16 . A slab  500  made up of a precast base  510  that in its internal part houses a portion of a support structure  520 , where the precast base  510  is made of concrete, has a rectangular cross section that at two of its ends It has an L-shaped support eyebrow  511  configured so that the ends of some tablets  502  rest on it; the support structure  520  is partially inside the precast base  510 , and is composed of a plurality of bars of preferably circular cross-section where a main bar  521  is located in a horizontal arrangement, in the lower part of said main bar  521  there is a plurality of pyramidal arrangements  522  integrated each of these arrangements by at least four bars in a triangular arrangement that at each of their lower ends are joined by electrowelding with a longitudinal tension arrangement  523  that are It consists of at least three bars parallel to each other and which are interconnected by a connecting bar  524  of preferably cylindrical shape and which is coupled in a perpendicular arrangement with respect to the axial axes of the bars that make up the longitudinal tension arrangement where the support structure  520  is located inside the precast base from an area proximal to the a lower part of the pyramidal arrangements  522  to the lower part of the longitudinal tension arrangement  523  and where the tablets  502  are made up of two main components, a main base  530  and an insulating cover  540 ; wherein the main base  530  preferably made of concrete;
 wherein the slab has a globally rectangular cross-section and at each of its ends an inverted L-shaped flange  531  is located, which during the assembly of the modular construction system  500  is interconnected with the support slot  511  of the precast base  510 . On the upper face of the main base and perpendicular to the groove  511 , the main base  530  has at least one pair of reinforcing projections  532  that are arranged in a truncated pyramidal shape where the smaller base of this interconnects with the face. upper part of the main base  530 , while the insulating cover  540  preferably made of polystyrene, has a generally rectangular prismatic shape that in its lower part has at least one pair of grooves  541  of pyramidal cross section.