Quantum dot-containing material, method for preparing the quantum dot-containing material, composition containing the quantum dot-containing material, and light-emitting device including the quantum dot-containing material

Abstract

Disclosed are a quantum dot-containing material, a method of preparing the quantum dot-containing material, a composition including the quantum dot-containing material, and a light-emitting device including the quantum dot-containing material.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A quantum dot-containing material comprising:
 a quantum dot; and   a first organic group and a second organic group, which are each chemically bonded to a surface of the quantum dot,   wherein the first organic group comprises an electron-donating group, and   the second organic group comprises an electron-withdrawing group.   
     
     
         2 . The quantum dot-containing material of  claim 1 , wherein the electron-donating group is: a π electron-rich C 3 -C 60  cyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 20a ; or —N(Ar 1 )(Ar 2 ); wherein
 Ar 1  and Ar 2  are each independently a π electron-rich C 3 -C 60  cyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 20a , 
 the electron-withdrawing group is: 
 —F, —CFH 2 , —CF 2 H, —CF 3 , —CN, or —NO 2 ; 
 a C 1 -C 60  alkyl group substituted with at least one —F, —CFH 2 , —CF 2 H, —CF 3 , —CN, or —NO 2 ; or 
 a π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing C 1 -C 60  cyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , 
 R 10a  is: 
 deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, or a nitro group; 
 a C 1 -C 60  alkyl group, a C 2 -C 60  alkenyl group, a C 2 -C 60  alkynyl group, a C 1 -C 60  alkylthio group, or a C 1 -C 60  alkoxy group, each independently unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C 3 -C 60  carbocyclic group, a C 1 -C 60  heterocyclic group, a C 6 -C 60  aryloxy group, a C 6 -C 60  arylthio group, a C 1 -C 60  heteroaryloxy group, a C 1 -C 60  heteroarylthio group, —Si(Q 11 )(Q 12 )(Q 13 ), —N(Q 11 )(Q 12 ), —B(Q 11 )(Q 12 ), —C(═O)(Q 11 ), —S(═O) 2 (Q 11 ), —P(═O)(Q 11 )(Q 12 ), or any combination thereof; 
 a C 3 -C 60  carbocyclic group, a C 1 -C 60  heterocyclic group, a C 6 -C 60  aryloxy group, a C 1 -C 60  heteroaryloxy group, a C 1 -C 60  heteroarylthio group, or a C 6 -C 60  arylthio group, each independently unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C 1 -C 60  alkyl group, a C 2 -C 60  alkenyl group, a C 2 -C 60  alkynyl group, a C 1 -C 60  alkoxy group, a C 1 -C 60  alkylthio group, a C 3 -C 60  carbocyclic group, a C 1 -C 60  heterocyclic group, a C 6 -C 60  aryloxy group, a C 6 -C 60  arylthio group, a C 1 -C 60  heteroaryloxy group, a C 1 -C 60  heteroarylthio group, —Si(Q 21 )(Q 22 )(Q 23 ), —N(Q 21 )(Q 22 ), —B(Q 21 )(Q 22 ), —C(═O)(Q 21 ), —S(═O) 2 (Q 21 ), —P(═O)(Q 21 )(Q 22 ), or any combination thereof; or 
 —Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 ), —N(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), —B(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), —C(═O)(Q 31 ), —S(═O) 2 (Q 31 ), or —P(═O)(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), 
 Q 11  to Q 13 , Q 21  to Q 23 , and Q 31  to Q 33  are each independently: hydrogen; deuterium; —F; —Cl; —Br; —I; a hydroxyl group; a cyano group; a nitro group; a C 1 -C 60  alkyl group; a C 2 -C 60  alkenyl group; a C 2 -C 60  alkynyl group; a C 1 -C 60  alkoxy group; a C 1 -C 60  alkylthio group, a C 3 -C 60  carbocyclic group, or a C 1 -C 60  heterocyclic group, each independently unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C 1 -C 60  alkyl group, a C 1 -C 60  alkoxy group, a C 1 -C 60  alkylthio group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, or any combination thereof, 
 R 20a  is: 
 deuterium, a hydroxyl group, or a nitro group; 
 a C 1 -C 60  alkyl group, a C 2 -C 60  alkenyl group, a C 2 -C 60  alkynyl group, a C 1 -C 60  alkylthio group, or a C 1 -C 60  alkoxy group, each independently unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, a π electron-rich C 3 -C 60  cyclic group, a C 6 -C 60  aryloxy group, a C 6 -C 60  arylthio group, —Si(Q 41 )(Q 42 )(Q 43 ), —N(Q 41 )(Q 42 ), —B(Q 41 )(Q 42 ), or any combination thereof; 
 a π electron-rich C 3 -C 60  cyclic group, a C 6 -C 60  aryloxy group, or a C 6 -C 60  arylthio group, each independently unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, a C 1 -C 60  alkyl group, a C 2 -C 60  alkenyl group, a C 2 -C 60  alkynyl group, a C 1 -C 60  alkoxy group, a C 1 -C 60  alkylthio group, a π electron-rich C 3 -C 60  cyclic group, a C 6 -C 60  aryloxy group, a C 6 -C 60  arylthio group, —Si(Q 51 )(Q 52 )(Q 53 ), —N(Q 51 )(Q 52 ), —B(Q 51 )(Q 52 ), or any combination thereof; or 
 —Si(Q 61 )(Q 62 )(Q 63 ), —N(Q 61 )(Q 62 ), or —B(Q 61 )(Q 62 ), and 
 Q 41  to Q 43 , Q 51  to Q 53 , and Q 61  to Q 63  are each independently: hydrogen; deuterium; a hydroxyl group; a nitro group; a C 1 -C 60  alkyl group; a C 2 -C 60  alkenyl group; a C 2 -C 60  alkynyl group; a C 1 -C 60  alkoxy group; a C 1 -C 60  alkylthio group; or a π electron-rich C 3 -C 60  cyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C 1 -C 60  alkyl group, a C 1 -C 60  alkoxy group, a C 1 -C 60  alkylthio group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl, or any combination thereof. 
 
     
     
         3 . The quantum dot-containing material of  claim 1 , wherein the quantum dot comprises a Group III-VI semiconductor compound, a Group II-VI semiconductor compound, a Group III-V semiconductor compound, a Group I-III-VI semiconductor compound, a Group IV-VI semiconductor compound, a Group IV element or compound, or any combination thereof. 
     
     
         4 . The quantum dot-containing material of  claim 2 , wherein the electron-donating group is:
 a benzene group, a heptalene group, an indene group, a naphthalene group, an azulene group, an indacene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentacene group, a hexacene group, a pentaphene group, a rubicene group, a coronene group, an ovalene group, a pyrrole group, a furan group, a thiophene group, an isoindole group, an indole group, an indene group, a benzofuran group, a benzothiophene group, a benzosilole group, a naphthopyrrole group, a naphthofuran group, a naphthothiophene group, a naphthosilole group, a benzocarbazole group, a dibenzocarbazole group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a carbazole group, a dibenzosilole group, an indenocarbazole group, an indolocarbazole group, a benzofurocarbazole group, a benzothienocarbazole group, a benzosilolocarbazole group, a triindolobenzene group, a pyrrolophenanthrene group, a furanophenanthrene group, a thienophenanthrene group, a benzonaphthofuran group, a benzonaphthothiophene group, an (indolo)phenanthrene group, a (benzofurano)phenanthrene group, or a (benzothieno)phenanthrene group, each independently unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 20a ; or   —N(Ar 1 )(Ar 2 ), and   Ar 1 , Ar 2 , and R 20a  are each the same as described in  claim 2 .   
     
     
         5 . The quantum dot-containing material of  claim 2 , wherein the electron-withdrawing group is an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a pyrimidine group, an indazole group, a purine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a benzoisoquinoline group, a phthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, a quinoxaline group, a benzoquinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a cinnoline group, a phenanthridine group, an acridine group, a phenanthroline group, a phenazine group, a benzimidazole group, an isobenzothiazole group, a benzoxazole group, an isobenzoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazole group, a triazine group, a thiadiazole group, an imidazopyridine group, an imidazopyrimidine group, an azacarbazole group, an azadibenzofuran group, an azadibenzothiophene group, an azadibenzosilole group, an acridine group, or a pyridopyrazine group, each independently unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , and
 R 10a  is the same as described in  claim 2 .   
     
     
         6 . The quantum dot-containing material of  claim 1 , wherein the first organic group is represented by Formula 1, and the second organic group is represented by Formula 2: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein, in Formulae 1 and 2, 
         L 1  and L 2  are each independently a single bond, a C 5 -C 60  carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , or a C 1 -C 60  heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , 
         a1 and a2 are each independently an integer from 1 to 3, 
         T 1  and T 2  are each independently a terminal group, 
         Y 1  and Y 2  are each independently a single bond or a C 1 -C 20  alkylene group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , 
         Z 1  and Z 2  are each independently: a single bond; 
         *′—N(R 1a )—*″, *′—O—*″, *′—S—*″, or *′—C(═O)—*″; or 
         a C 1 -C 60  alkylene group, a C 1 -C 60  oxyalkylene group, a C 6 -C 60  arylene group, or a C 6 -C 60  oxyarylene group, each independently unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, a hydroxyl group, a C 1 -C 20  alkyl group, a C 1 -C 20  alkoxy group, a C 1 -C 20  alkylthio group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, or any combination thereof, 
         *′ and *″ each indicate a binding site to a neighboring atom, 
         E 1  is an electron-donating group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 20a , 
         E 2  is an electron-withdrawing group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , 
         b1 and b2 are each independently an integer from 1 to 8, 
         R 1 , R 2 , and R 1a  are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C 1 -C 10  alkyl group, a C 2 -C 10  alkenyl group, a C 2 -C 10  alkynyl group, a C 1 -C 60  alkylthio group, or a C 1 -C 10  alkoxy group, 
         m1 and m2 are each independently an integer from 1 to 1000, 
         * indicates a binding site to the surface of the quantum dot, 
         R 10a  is: 
         deuterium (-D), —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, or a nitro group; 
         a C 1 -C 60  alkyl group, a C 2 -C 60  alkenyl group, a C 2 -C 60  alkynyl group, a C 1 -C 60  alkylthio group, or a C 1 -C 60  alkoxy group, each independently unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C 3 -C 60  carbocyclic group, a C 1 -C 60  heterocyclic group, a C 6 -C 60  aryloxy group, a C 6 -C 60  arylthio group, a C 1 -C 60  heteroaryloxy group, a C 1 -C 60  heteroarylthio group, —Si(Q 11 )(Q 12 )(Q 13 ), —N(Q 11 )(Q 12 ), —B(Q 11 )(Q 12 ), —C(═O)(Q 11 ), —S(═O) 2 (Q 11 ), —P(═O)(Q 11 )(Q 12 ), or any combination thereof; or 
         —Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 ), —N(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), —B(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), —C(═O)(Q 31 ), —S(═O) 2 (Q 31 ), or —P(═O)(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), 
         Q 11  to Q 13  and Q 31  to Q 33  are each independently: hydrogen; deuterium; —F; —Cl; —Br; —I; a hydroxyl group; a cyano group; a nitro group; a C 1 -C 60  alkyl group; a C 2 -C 60  alkenyl group; a C 2 -C 60  alkynyl group; a C 1 -C 60  alkoxy group; a C 1 -C 60  alkylthio group, or a C 3 -C 60  carbocyclic group or a C 1 -C 60  heterocyclic group, each independently unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C 1 -C 60  alkyl group, a C 1 -C 60  alkoxy group, a C 1 -C 60  alkylthio group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, or any combination thereof, 
         R 20a  is: 
         deuterium (-D), a hydroxyl group, or a nitro group; 
         a C 1 -C 60  alkyl group, a C 2 -C 60  alkenyl group, a C 2 -C 60  alkynyl group, a C 1 -C 60  alkylthio group, or a C 1 -C 60  alkoxy group, each independently unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, a π electron-rich C 3 -C 60  cyclic group, a C 6 -C 60  aryloxy group, a C 6 -C 60  arylthio group, —Si(Q 41 )(Q 42 )(Q 43 ), —N(Q 41 )(Q 42 ), —B(Q 41 )(Q 42 ), or any combination thereof; 
         a π electron-rich C 3 -C 60  cyclic group, a C 6 -C 60  aryloxy group, or a C 6 -C 60  arylthio group, each independently unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, a C 1 -C 60  alkyl group, a C 2 -C 60  alkenyl group, a C 2 -C 60  alkynyl group, a C 1 -C 60  alkoxy group, a C 1 -C 60  alkylthio group, a π electron-rich C 3 -C 60  cyclic group, a C 6 -C 60  aryloxy group, a C 6 -C 60  arylthio group, —Si(Q 51 )(Q 52 )(Q 53 ), —N(Q 51 )(Q 52 ), —B(Q 51 )(Q 52 ), or any combination thereof; or 
         —Si(Q 61 )(Q 62 )(Q 63 ), —N(Q 61 )(Q 62 ), or —B(Q 61 )(Q 62 ), and 
         Q 41  to Q 43 , Q 51  to Q 53 , and Q 61  to Q 63  are each independently: hydrogen; deuterium; a hydroxyl group; a nitro group; a C 1 -C 60  alkyl group; a C 2 -C 60  alkenyl group; a C 2 -C 60  alkynyl group; a C 1 -C 60  alkoxy group; a C 1 -C 60  alkylthio group, or a π electron-rich C 3 -C 60  cyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C 1 -C 60  alkyl group, a C 1 -C 60  alkoxy group, a C 1 -C 60  alkylthio group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl, or any combination thereof. 
       
     
     
         7 . The quantum dot-containing material of  claim 6 , wherein the first organic group is represented by Formula 1-1 or Formula 1-2: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein, in Formulae 1-1 and 1-2, 
         L 11  and L 12  are each the same as described in connection with L 1  in  claim 6 , 
         a11 and a12 are each the same as described in connection with a1 in  claim 6 , 
         T 11  and T 12  are each the same as described in connection with T 1  in  claim 6 , 
         Y 11  and Y 12  are each the same as described in connection with Y 1  in  claim 6 , 
         Z 11  and Z 12  are each the same as described in connection with Z 1  in  claim 6 , 
         Ar 1  and Ar 2  are each independently a π electron-rich C 3 -C 60  cyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 20a , 
         R 11  and R 12  are each the same as described in connection with R 1  in  claim 6 , 
         m11 and m12 are each the same as described in connection with m1 in  claim 6 , 
         * indicates a binding site to the surface of the quantum dot, 
         R 20a  is the same as described in  claim 6 , and 
         c2 is an integer from 0 to 8. 
       
     
     
         8 . The quantum dot-containing material of  claim 6 , wherein the second organic group is represented by Formula 2-1: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein, in Formula 2-1, 
         L 21  and L 22  are each the same as described in connection with L 2  in  claim 6 , 
         a21 and a22 are each the same as described in connection with a2 in  claim 6 , 
         T 21  is the same as described in connection with T 2  in  claim 6 , 
         Y 21  is the same as described in connection with Y 2  in  claim 6 , 
         Z 21  is the same as described in connection with Z 2  in  claim 6 , 
         R 21  is the same as described in connection with R 2  in  claim 6 , 
         m21 is the same as described in connection with m2 in  claim 6 , 
         * indicates a binding site to the surface of the quantum dot, 
         R 22  is the same as described in connection with R 10a  in  claim 6 , and 
         b22 is an integer from 0 to 10. 
       
     
     
         9 . The quantum dot-containing material of  claim 6 , wherein m1 and m2 are each independently an integer from 5 to 200. 
     
     
         10 . The quantum dot-containing material of  claim 1 , wherein an average particle diameter (D50) of the quantum dot-containing material is from about 40 nanometers to about 1,000 nanometers. 
     
     
         11 . The quantum dot-containing material of  claim 1 , wherein, in the quantum dot-containing material,
 a molar ratio of the quantum dot to the first organic group is from about 1:50 to about 1:1000, and   a molar ratio of the quantum dot to the second organic group is from about 1:50 to about 1:1000.   
     
     
         12 . The quantum dot-containing material of  claim 1 , wherein a molar ratio of the first organic group to the second organic group is from about 10:1 to about 1:10. 
     
     
         13 . A method of preparing a quantum dot-containing material comprising a quantum dot, a first organic group, and a second organic group, wherein the first organic group and second organic group are each chemically bonded to a surface of the quantum dot, the first organic group comprises an electron-donating group, and the second organic group comprises an electron-withdrawing group, the method comprising:
 a step that the quantum dot, a first precursor of the first organic group, and a second precursor of the second organic group chemically react and chemical bonds between the surface of the quantum dot and each of the first organic group and the second organic group are formed.   
     
     
         14 . The method of  claim 13 , wherein the first precursor of the first organic group is represented by Formula (1), and the second precursor of the second organic group is represented by Formula (2): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein, in Formulae (1) and (2), 
         L 1  and L 2  are each independently a single bond, a C 5 -C 60  carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , or a C 1 -C 60  heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , 
         a1 and a2 are each independently an integer from 1 to 3, 
         T 1  and T 2  are each independently a terminal group, 
         Y 1  and Y 2  are each independently a single bond or a C 1 -C 20  alkylene group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , 
         Z 1  and Z 2  are each independently: 
         a single bond; 
         *′—N(R 1a )—*″ *′—O—*″ *′—S—*″, or *′—C(═O)—*″; or 
         a C 1 -C 60  alkylene group, a C 1 -C 60  oxyalkylene group, a C 6 -C 60  arylene group, or a C 6 -C 60  oxyarylene group, each independently unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, a hydroxyl group, a C 1 -C 20  alkyl group, a C 1 -C 20  alkoxy group, a C 1 -C 20  alkylthio group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, or any combination thereof, 
         E 1  is an electron-donating group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 20a , 
         E 2  is an election-withdrawing group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , 
         b1 and b2 are each independently an integer from 1 to 8, 
         R 1 , R 2 , and R 1a  are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C 1 -C 10  alkyl group, a C 2 -C 10  alkenyl group, a C 2 -C 10  alkynyl group, a C 1 -C 60  alkylthio group, or a C 1 -C 10  alkoxy group, 
         m1 and m2 are each independently an integer from 1 to 1000, 
         *′ and *″ each indicate a binding site to a neighboring atom, 
         R 10a  is: 
         deuterium (-D), —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, an amino group, or a nitro group; 
         a C 1 -C 60  alkyl group, a C 2 -C 60  alkenyl group, a C 2 -C 60  alkynyl group, a C 1 —Co alkylthio group, or a C 1 -C 60  alkoxy group, each independently unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C 3 -C 60  carbocyclic group, a C 1 -C 60  heterocyclic group, a C 6 -C 60  aryloxy group, a C 6 -C 60  arylthio group, a C 1 -C 60  heteroaryloxy group, a C 1 -C 60  heteroarylthio group, —Si(Q 11 )(Q 12 )(Q 13 ), —N(Q 11 )(Q 12 ), —B(Q 11 )(Q 12 ), —C(═O)(Q 11 ), —S(═O) 2 (Q 11 ), —P(═O)(Q 11 )(Q 12 ), or any combination thereof; or 
         —Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 ), —N(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), —B(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), —C(═O)(Q 31 ), —S(═O) 2 (Q 31 ), or —P(═O)(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), 
         Q 11  to Q 13  and Q 31  to Q 33  are each independently: hydrogen; deuterium; —F; —Cl; —Br; —I; a hydroxyl group; a cyano group; a nitro group; a C 1 -C 60  alkyl group; a C 2 -C 60  alkenyl group; a C 2 -C 60  alkynyl group; a C 1 -C 60  alkoxy group; a C 1 -C 60  alkylthio group; or a C 3 -C 60  carbocyclic group or a C 1 -C 60  heterocyclic group, each independently unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C 1 -C 60  alkyl group, a C 1 -C 60  alkoxy group, a C 1 -C 60  alkylthio group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, or any combination thereof, 
         R 20a  is: 
         deuterium (-D), a hydroxyl group, or a nitro group; 
         a C 1 -C 60  alkyl group, a C 2 -C 60  alkenyl group, a C 2 -C 60  alkynyl group, a C 1 -C 60  alkylthio group, or a C 1 -C 60  alkoxy group, each independently unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, a π electron-rich C 3 -C 60  cyclic group, a C 6 -C 60  aryloxy group, a C 6 -C 60  arylthio group, —Si(Q 41 )(Q 42 )(Q 43 ), —N(Q 41 )(Q 42 ), —B(Q 41 )(Q 42 ), or any combination thereof; 
         a π electron-rich C 3 -C 60  cyclic group, a C 6 -C 60  aryloxy group, or a C 6 -C 60  arylthio group, each independently unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, a C 1 -C 60  alkyl group, a C 2 -C 60  alkenyl group, a C 2 -C 60  alkynyl group, a C 1 -C 60  alkoxy group, a C 1 -C 60  alkylthio group, a π electron-rich C 3 -C 60  cyclic group, a C 6 -C 60  aryloxy group, a C 6 -C 60  arylthio group, —Si(Q 51 )(Q 52 )(Q 53 ), —N(Q 51 )(Q 52 ), —B(Q 51 )(Q 52 ), or any combination thereof; or 
         —Si(Q 61 )(Q 62 )(Q 63 ), —N(Q 61 )(Q 62 ), or —B(Q 61 )(Q 62 ), and 
         Q 41  to Q 43 , Q 51  to Q 53 , and Q 61  to Q 63  are each independently: hydrogen; deuterium; a hydroxyl group; a nitro group; a C 1 -C 60  alkyl group; a C 2 -C 60  alkenyl group; a C 2 -C 60  alkynyl group; a C 1 -C 60  alkoxy group; a C 1 -C 60  alkylthio group; or a π electron-rich C 3 -C 60  cyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C 1 -C 60  alkyl group, a C 1 -C 60  alkoxy group, a C 1 -C 60  alkylthio group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl, or any combination thereof. 
       
     
     
         15 . The method of  claim 13 , wherein, in the step that the quantum dot, a first precursor of the first organic group, and a second precursor of the second organic group chemically react and chemical bonds between the surface of the quantum dot and each of the first organic group and the second organic group are formed,
 the chemical bonds comprise covalent bonds between the surface of the quantum dot and each of the first organic group and the second organic group.   
     
     
         16 . A composition comprising the quantum dot-containing material of  claim 1  and a solvent. 
     
     
         17 . The composition of  claim 16 , wherein the quantum dot-containing material is from about 0.1 parts by weight to about 5 parts by weight based on total 100 parts by weight of the composition. 
     
     
         18 . A light-emitting device comprising:
 a first electrode;   a second electrode facing the first electrode; and   an interlayer located between the first electrode and the second electrode and comprising an emission layer,   wherein the interlayer comprises the quantum dot-containing material of  claim 1 .   
     
     
         19 . The light-emitting device of  claim 18 , wherein the emission layer comprises the quantum dot-containing material. 
     
     
         20 . The light-emitting device of  claim 18 , wherein the emission layer emits red light.