US2022162746A1PendingUtilityA1

Waveform shape factor for pulsed pvd power

Assignee: APPLIED MATERIALS INCPriority: Nov 25, 2020Filed: Nov 25, 2021Published: May 26, 2022
Est. expiryNov 25, 2040(~14.3 yrs left)· nominal 20-yr term from priority
H05H 2242/20H05H 1/0081H01J 37/32917H01J 37/32146C23C 14/28H01J 37/3467C23C 14/54
67
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Claims

Abstract

Power supplies, waveform function generators and methods for controlling a plasma process are described. The power supplies or waveform function generators include a component for executing the method in which a waveform shape change index is determined during a plasma process and evaluated for compliance with a predetermined tolerance.

Claims

exact text as granted — not AI-modified
What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A method for controlling a plasma process, the method comprising:
 determining a waveform shape change index during the deposition process;   determining if the waveform shape index is within a predetermined tolerance; and   determining a subsequent action for the plasma process.   
     
     
         2 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the waveform shape change index is determined in real-time using the Equation (V) 
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         I 
                         S 
                       
                       = 
                       
                         
                            
                           
                             
                               
                                 
                                   S 
                                   _ 
                                 
                                 t 
                               
                               - 
                               
                                 
                                   S 
                                   _ 
                                 
                                 0 
                               
                             
                             
                               
                                 S 
                                 _ 
                               
                               0 
                             
                           
                            
                         
                         × 
                         100 
                         ⁢ 
                         % 
                       
                     
                     , 
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     ( 
                     VI 
                     ) 
                   
                 
               
             
           
         
       
       where  S   t  is the average waveform shape factor,  S   0  is an average reference waveform shape factor. 
     
     
         3 . The method of  claim 2 , wherein the average waveform shape factor  S   t  is calculated using equation (IV) 
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           S 
                           _ 
                         
                         t 
                       
                       = 
                       
                         
                           
                             ∫ 
                             0 
                             
                               T 
                               
                                 o 
                                 ⁢ 
                                 n 
                               
                             
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             
                               S 
                               ⁡ 
                               
                                 ( 
                                 t 
                                 ) 
                               
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             dt 
                           
                         
                         
                           
                             ∫ 
                             0 
                             
                               T 
                               
                                 o 
                                 ⁢ 
                                 n 
                               
                             
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           dt 
                         
                       
                     
                     , 
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     ( 
                     IV 
                     ) 
                   
                 
               
             
           
         
       
       where the integral is a pulse length from time 0 to time T on  and S(t) is the waveform shape factor. 
     
     
         4 . The method of  claim 3 , wherein the waveform shape factor S(t) at time t is calculated using equation (III) or equation (V) 
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                       S 
                       ⁡ 
                       
                         ( 
                         t 
                         ) 
                       
                     
                     = 
                     
                       
                         ( 
                         
                           
                             
                               v 
                               t 
                             
                             - 
                             
                               v 
                               
                                 m 
                                 ⁢ 
                                 e 
                                 ⁢ 
                                 a 
                                 ⁢ 
                                 n 
                               
                             
                           
                           
                             v 
                             
                               m 
                               ⁢ 
                               e 
                               ⁢ 
                               a 
                               ⁢ 
                               n 
                             
                           
                         
                         ) 
                       
                       2 
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     ( 
                     III 
                     ) 
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   
                     
                       S 
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         ( 
                         t 
                         ) 
                       
                     
                     = 
                     
                       
                         S 
                         init 
                       
                       + 
                       
                         
                           
                             K 
                             v 
                           
                           ⁡ 
                           
                             ( 
                             
                               
                                 
                                   v 
                                   ⁡ 
                                   
                                     ( 
                                     t 
                                     ) 
                                   
                                 
                                 - 
                                 
                                   v 
                                   
                                     m 
                                     ⁢ 
                                     e 
                                     ⁢ 
                                     a 
                                     ⁢ 
                                     n 
                                   
                                 
                               
                               
                                 v 
                                 
                                   m 
                                   ⁢ 
                                   e 
                                   ⁢ 
                                   a 
                                   ⁢ 
                                   n 
                                 
                               
                             
                             ) 
                           
                         
                         2 
                       
                       + 
                       
                         
                           K 
                           f 
                         
                         * 
                         
                            
                           
                             
                               Δ 
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                   
                               
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                 F 
                                 ⁡ 
                                 
                                   ( 
                                   t 
                                   ) 
                                 
                               
                             
                             
                               F 
                               0 
                             
                           
                            
                         
                       
                       + 
                       
                         
                           K 
                           
                             D 
                             ⁢ 
                             T 
                           
                         
                         * 
                         
                            
                           
                             
                               Δ 
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                 DT 
                                 ⁡ 
                                 
                                   ( 
                                   t 
                                   ) 
                                 
                               
                             
                             
                               D 
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                 T 
                                 0 
                               
                             
                           
                            
                         
                       
                       + 
                       
                         
                           K 
                           p 
                         
                         * 
                         
                           
                              
                             
                               
                                 Δ 
                                 ⁢ 
                                 
                                     
                                 
                                 ⁢ 
                                 
                                   P 
                                   ⁡ 
                                   
                                     ( 
                                     t 
                                     ) 
                                   
                                 
                               
                               
                                 P 
                                 0 
                               
                             
                              
                           
                           . 
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     ( 
                     V 
                     ) 
                   
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     
         5 . The method of  claim 4 , wherein  S   0  is an average reference waveform shape factor. 
     
     
         6 . The method of  claim 5 , wherein the average reference waveform shape factor is determined from a first pulse of power in the plasma process. 
     
     
         7 . The method of  claim 6 , wherein the waveform shape factor index is a monitor of the process chamber and/or plasma process for deviations over time to ensure stable operation of the chamber. 
     
     
         8 . The method of  claim 5 , wherein the average reference waveform shape factor is determined from a reference plasma process or reference processing chamber. 
     
     
         9 . The method of  claim 8 , wherein the waveform shape factor index matches a subject plasma process or processing chamber to the reference plasma process or reference processing chamber, respectively. 
     
     
         10 . The method of  claim 4 , wherein if the waveform shape index is within the predetermined tolerance, the subsequent action comprises continuing the deposition process and determining the waveform shape change index during the deposition process is repeated, determining if the waveform shape index is within a predetermined tolerance is repeated, and determining a subsequent action for the deposition process is repeated. 
     
     
         11 . The method of  claim 4 , wherein if the waveform shape change index is outside of the predetermined tolerance, the subsequent action comprises one or more of alerting a user to existence of a fault or tolerance failure, or automatically stopping of the plasma process. 
     
     
         12 . A method of matching a plasma process to a reference plasma process, the method comprising:
 determining a waveform shape factor  S   t  during the plasma process;   determining a waveform shape change index I s  using the waveform shape factor  S   t  and an average reference waveform shape factor  S   0  from the reference plasma process;   determining whether the plasma process matches the reference plasma process based on the waveform shape index I s .   
     
     
         13 . The method of  claim 12 , wherein the waveform shape factor  S   t  is calculated using equation (IV) 
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           S 
                           _ 
                         
                         t 
                       
                       = 
                       
                         
                           
                             ∫ 
                             0 
                             
                               T 
                               
                                 o 
                                 ⁢ 
                                 n 
                               
                             
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             
                               S 
                               ⁡ 
                               
                                 ( 
                                 t 
                                 ) 
                               
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             dt 
                           
                         
                         
                           
                             ∫ 
                             0 
                             
                               T 
                               
                                 o 
                                 ⁢ 
                                 n 
                               
                             
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           dt 
                         
                       
                     
                     , 
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     ( 
                     IV 
                     ) 
                   
                 
               
             
           
         
       
       where the integral is a pulse length from time 0 to time T on  and S(t) is the waveform shape factor. 
     
     
         14 . The method of  claim 13 , wherein the waveform shape change index Ī s  is determined in real-time using the Equation (V) 
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         I 
                         S 
                       
                       = 
                       
                         
                            
                           
                             
                               
                                 
                                   S 
                                   _ 
                                 
                                 t 
                               
                               - 
                               
                                 
                                   S 
                                   _ 
                                 
                                 0 
                               
                             
                             
                               
                                 S 
                                 _ 
                               
                               0 
                             
                           
                            
                         
                         × 
                         100 
                         ⁢ 
                         % 
                       
                     
                     , 
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     ( 
                     V 
                     ) 
                   
                 
               
             
           
         
       
       where  S   t  is the average waveform shape factor,  S   0  is an average reference waveform shape factor. 
     
     
         15 . The method of  claim 14 , wherein the waveform shape factor S(t) at time t is calculated using equation (III) 
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                       S 
                       ⁡ 
                       
                         ( 
                         t 
                         ) 
                       
                     
                     = 
                     
                       
                         ( 
                         
                           
                             
                               v 
                               t 
                             
                             - 
                             
                               v 
                               
                                 m 
                                 ⁢ 
                                 e 
                                 ⁢ 
                                 a 
                                 ⁢ 
                                 n 
                               
                             
                           
                           
                             v 
                             
                               m 
                               ⁢ 
                               e 
                               ⁢ 
                               a 
                               ⁢ 
                               n 
                             
                           
                         
                         ) 
                       
                       2 
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     ( 
                     III 
                     ) 
                   
                 
               
             
           
         
       
       where v t  is the voltage, current or power at time t, and v mean  is the average voltage, current or power, or Equation (V). 
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                       S 
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         ( 
                         t 
                         ) 
                       
                     
                     = 
                     
                       
                         S 
                         init 
                       
                       + 
                       
                         
                           
                             K 
                             v 
                           
                           ⁡ 
                           
                             ( 
                             
                               
                                 
                                   v 
                                   ⁡ 
                                   
                                     ( 
                                     t 
                                     ) 
                                   
                                 
                                 - 
                                 
                                   v 
                                   
                                     m 
                                     ⁢ 
                                     e 
                                     ⁢ 
                                     a 
                                     ⁢ 
                                     n 
                                   
                                 
                               
                               
                                 v 
                                 
                                   m 
                                   ⁢ 
                                   e 
                                   ⁢ 
                                   a 
                                   ⁢ 
                                   n 
                                 
                               
                             
                             ) 
                           
                         
                         2 
                       
                       + 
                       
                         
                           K 
                           f 
                         
                         * 
                         
                            
                           
                             
                               Δ 
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                   
                               
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                 F 
                                 ⁡ 
                                 
                                   ( 
                                   t 
                                   ) 
                                 
                               
                             
                             
                               F 
                               0 
                             
                           
                            
                         
                       
                       + 
                       
                         
                           K 
                           
                             D 
                             ⁢ 
                             T 
                           
                         
                         * 
                         
                            
                           
                             
                               Δ 
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                 DT 
                                 ⁡ 
                                 
                                   ( 
                                   t 
                                   ) 
                                 
                               
                             
                             
                               D 
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                 T 
                                 0 
                               
                             
                           
                            
                         
                       
                       + 
                       
                         
                           K 
                           p 
                         
                         * 
                         
                           
                              
                             
                               
                                 Δ 
                                 ⁢ 
                                 
                                     
                                 
                                 ⁢ 
                                 
                                   P 
                                   ⁡ 
                                   
                                     ( 
                                     t 
                                     ) 
                                   
                                 
                               
                               
                                 P 
                                 0 
                               
                             
                              
                           
                           . 
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     ( 
                     V 
                     ) 
                   
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     
         16 . The method of  claim 15 , wherein determining whether the plasma process matches the reference plasma process comprises comparing the waveform shape change index I s  to a predetermined tolerance. 
     
     
         17 . The method of  claim 16 , wherein if the waveform shape index is within the predetermined tolerance, the subsequent action comprises continuing the deposition process and determining the waveform shape change index during the deposition process is repeated, determining if the waveform shape index is within a predetermined tolerance is repeated, and determining a subsequent action for the deposition process is repeated. 
     
     
         18 . The method of  claim 17 , wherein if the waveform shape change index is outside of the predetermined tolerance, the subsequent action comprises one or more of alerting a user to existence of a fault or tolerance failure, or automatically stopping of the plasma process. 
     
     
         19 . A power supply comprising a self-diagnostic function that indicates a malfunction, the self-diagnostic function comprising a controller configured to determine one or more of a waveform shape factor S or waveform shape change index I s . 
     
     
         20 . The power supply of  claim 19 , wherein the power supply further comprises one or more input/output to accept user input and/or provide user feedback reporting one or more of a measured waveform shape factor or waveform shape change index.

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