Partitioning and processing of analytes and other species

Abstract

The present disclosure provides compositions, methods, systems, and devices for polynucleotide processing. Such polynucleotide processing may be useful for a variety of applications, including polynucleotide sequencing.

1 - 23 . (canceled) 
     
     
         24 . A kit, comprising:
 reagents capable of generating a capsule comprising a species,   reagents capable of generating a droplet in an emulsion,   instructions for introducing the capsule into the droplet,   wherein the capsule is configured to release contents of the capsule upon application of a stimulus, wherein the stimulus is a change in ion concentration, a reducing agent, a magnetic stimulus, an electrical stimulus, a light stimulus, or a combination thereof.   
     
     
         25 . The kit of  claim 24 , wherein the species comprises one or more members selected from the group consisting of a protein, a nucleic acid molecule, an enzyme, an antibody, a barcode, an adapter, a buffer, a small molecule, a detergent, a dye, a polymer, a cell, a chromosome, a peptide, a polysaccharide, a sugar, a lipid, and a small molecule. 
     
     
         26 . The kit of  claim 25 , wherein the enzyme comprises a proteinase, a restriction enzyme, a ligase, a polymerase, a fragmentase, a reverse transcriptase, or a transposase. 
     
     
         27 . The kit of  claim 24 , wherein the species is a nucleic acid barcode molecule. 
     
     
         28 . The kit of  claim 27 , wherein the nucleic acid molecule is releasably attached to the capsule. 
     
     
         29 . The kit of  claim 27 , wherein the nucleic acid molecule is attached to the capsule via a crosslinker. 
     
     
         30 . The kit of  claim 24 , further comprising, a microfluidic device capable of generating the droplet in the emulsion. 
     
     
         31 . The kit of  claim 30 , wherein the microfluidic device is capable of introducing the capsule into the droplet in the emulsion. 
     
     
         32 . The kit of  claim 24 , wherein the reagents capable of generating the capsule comprise one or more members selected from the group consisting of a monomer, a crosslinker, an initiator, a surfactant, and an accelerator. 
     
     
         33 . The kit of  claim 24 , wherein the capsule comprises a shell selected from the group consisting of a polymeric shell, a hydrogel, a hydrophilic shell, a hydrophobic shell, a shell with a net positive charge, a shell with a net negative charge, and a shell with a neutral charge. 
     
     
         34 . The kit of  claim 24 , wherein the reagents capable of generating the droplet in the emulsion comprise a fluid that is less dense than the capsule. 
     
     
         35 . The kit of  claim 24 , wherein the reagents capable of generating the droplet in the emulsion comprise a fluid that is more dense than the capsule. 
     
     
         36 . The kit of  claim 24 , wherein the stimulus is a chemical stimulus. 
     
     
         37 . The kit of  claim 36 , wherein the chemical stimulus is a reducing agent. 
     
     
         38 . A kit, comprising:
 reagents capable of generating a first capsule comprising a species,   reagents capable of generating a second capsule,   instructions for encapsulating the first capsule into the second capsule,   wherein the first capsule is configured to release contents of the first capsule upon application of a stimulus, wherein the stimulus is a change in ion concentration, a reducing agent, a magnetic stimulus, an electrical stimulus, a light stimulus, or a combination thereof   
     
     
         39 . The kit of  claim 38 , wherein the species is a nucleic acid barcode molecule. 
     
     
         40 . The kit of  claim 39 , wherein the nucleic acid barcode molecule is releasably attached to the first capsule. 
     
     
         41 . The kit of  claim 38 , wherein the species comprises one or more members selected from the group consisting of a protein, a nucleic acid molecule, an enzyme, an antibody, a barcode, an adapter, a buffer, a small molecule, a detergent, a dye, a polymer, a cell, a chromosome, a peptide, a polysaccharide, a sugar, a lipid, and a small molecule. 
     
     
         42 . The kit of  claim 38 , wherein the reagents capable of generating the first capsule comprise one or more members selected from the group consisting of a monomer, a crosslinker, an initiator, a surfactant, and an accelerator. 
     
     
         43 . The kit of  claim 38 , wherein the stimulus is a chemical stimulus, wherein the chemical stimulus is a reducing agent.