Compositions and formulations for entrapping protein on a surface

Abstract

A composition for measuring binding to HLA proteins has a substrate having a surface and a first array of HLA protein spots indirectly attached to the surface of the substrate. Each HLA protein within each spot is entrapped within a matrix that retains the native three-dimensional structure of the HLA protein while the HLA protein is indirectly attached to the surface. Also disclosed is a formulation to link protein to a solid support that has one or more proteins, a matrix, and one or more non-volatile water-soluble protein solvents, solutes, or combination thereof in an aqueous solution. The matrix is a cross-linked Oligo-dT network, a cross-linked Oligo-U network, a protein network having at least one protein, or a combination thereof.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A composition for measuring binding to HLA proteins, comprising:
 a substrate having a surface; and   a first array of HLA protein spots indirectly attached to the surface of the substrate, wherein each HLA protein within each spot is entrapped within a matrix that retains the native three-dimensional structure of the HLA protein while the HLA protein is indirectly attached to the surface.   
     
     
         2 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the matrix that retains the native three-dimensional structure of the HLA protein comprises a cross-linked Oligo-dT network, a cross-linked Oligo-U network, a protein network comprising at least one protein, or a combination thereof bound to the surface of the substrate. 
     
     
         3 . The composition of  claim 2 , wherein each Oligo-dT in the Oligo-dT network comprises 30-100 nucleotides. 
     
     
         4 . The composition of  claim 2 , wherein each Oligo-U in the Oligo-U network comprises 30-100 nucleotides. 
     
     
         5 . The composition of  claim 2 , wherein the at least one protein comprises immunoglobulin, a glycoprotein, a viral protein, an intact virus, albumin, an HLA, or an enzyme. 
     
     
         6 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the first array of HLA protein spots comprises glycerol, propanediol, sorbitol, or trehalose. 
     
     
         7 . The composition of  claim 6 , wherein the first array of HLA protein spots comprises glycerol, propanediol, sorbitol or trehalose in a concentration of 0.5% to 1%. 
     
     
         8 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the first array of HLA protein spots comprises the HLA proteins at a concentration of 5 μg/ml-500 μg/ml. 
     
     
         9 . The composition of  claim 1 , further comprising a second array of HLA protein spots indirectly attached to the surface of the substrate, wherein the second array of HLA protein spots comprises different HLA proteins than the first array of HLA protein spots. 
     
     
         10 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the surface of the substrate comprises an amino-silane layer or an epoxy-silane layer. 
     
     
         11 . The composition of  claim 10 , wherein the substrate is a metal, glass or ceramic substrate. 
     
     
         12 . A formulation to link protein to a solid support, comprising:
 one or more proteins;   a matrix; and   one or more non-volatile water-soluble protein solvents, solutes, or combination thereof in an aqueous solution.   
     
     
         13 . The formulation of  claim 12 , wherein the matrix comprises a cross-linked Oligo-dT network, a cross-linked Oligo-U network, a protein network comprising at least one protein, or a combination thereof. 
     
     
         14 . The formulation of  claim 12 , wherein each Oligo-dT in the Oligo-dT network comprises 30-100 nucleotides. 
     
     
         15 . The formulation of  claim 12 , wherein each Oligo-U in the Oligo-U network comprises 30-100 nucleotides. 
     
     
         16 . The formulation of  claim 12 , wherein the at least one protein comprises immunoglobulin, a glycoprotein, a viral protein, an intact virus, albumin, an HLA, or an enzyme. 
     
     
         17 . The formulation of  claim 12 , wherein the water-soluble protein solvent comprises propanediol. 
     
     
         18 . The formulation of  claim 12 , wherein the water-soluble protein solvent and solute comprise propanediol and at least one of sucrose, trehalose, or sorbitol. 
     
     
         19 . The formulation of  claim 18 , wherein said sucrose, trehalose or sorbitol is present at a mass ratio of about 0.5:1 up to about 4:1 relative to propanediol. 
     
     
         20 . The formulation of  claim 12 , wherein the water soluble protein solvents and solids comprise glycerol and propanediol and at least one of sucrose, trehalose or sorbitol. 
     
     
         21 . The formulation of  claim 12 , wherein the solid support is an amino-silane layer disposed upon an underlying surface. 
     
     
         22 . The formulation of  claim 21 , wherein said underlying surface is a metal surface, a glass surface or a ceramic surface.