Long-term wear electrode

Abstract

An electrode for long term wear can include a top layer. The top layer includes a non-conductive, flexible, water vapor-permeable, electrically-insulating material. The electrode also includes a conductive adhesive material and at least one electrical connector configured to connect the electrode to a wearable defibrillator such that the electrode is configured to receive defibrillation energy from the wearable defibrillator and provide a sensing function for the wearable defibrillator. The conductive adhesive material is configured to disperse current laterally along a plane of a surface of the electrode prior to delivery of the defibrillation energy.

1 - 39 . (canceled) 
     
     
         40 . An electrode for long term wear, comprising:
 a top layer comprising a non-conductive, flexible, water vapor-permeable, electrically-insulating material;   a conductive adhesive material; and   at least one electrical connector configured to connect the electrode to a wearable defibrillator such that the electrode is configured to receive defibrillation energy from the wearable defibrillator and provide a sensing function for the wearable defibrillator;   wherein the conductive adhesive material is configured to disperse current laterally along a plane of a surface of the electrode prior to delivery of the defibrillation energy.   
     
     
         41 . The electrode of  claim 40 , wherein a water vapor permeability of the electrode is between around 600 gm/m 2 /24 hours and around 1400 gm/m 2 /24 hours. 
     
     
         42 . The electrode of  claim 40 , wherein the defibrillation energy comprises between around 150 Joules and around 360 Joules. 
     
     
         43 . The electrode of  claim 40 , wherein the electrode is further configured to deliver at least one pacing pulse. 
     
     
         44 . The electrode of  claim 43 , wherein the at least one pacing pulse comprises a current pulse having a duration in a range of 10-40 ms. 
     
     
         45 . The electrode of  claim 43 , wherein the at least one pacing pulse comprises a current pulse having an amplitude of at least 50 mAmps. 
     
     
         46 . The electrode of  claim 40 , wherein the conductive adhesive material comprises a flexible, water vapor-permeable, conductive adhesive material. 
     
     
         47 . The electrode of  claim 46 , wherein the flexible, water vapor-permeable, conductive adhesive material comprises a material selected from the group consisting of an electro-spun polyurethane adhesive, a polymerized microemulsion pressure sensitive adhesive, an organic conductive polymer, an organic semi-conductive conductive polymer, an organic conductive compound and a semi-conductive conductive compound, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         48 . The electrode of  claim 46 , wherein the flexible, water vapor-permeable, conductive adhesive material comprises a material selected from the group consisting of poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene), doped with poly(styrene sulfonate), (PEDOT:PSS) poly(aniline) (PANI), poly(thiophene)s, and poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene co-bithiophene) (F8T2), and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         49 . The electrode of  claim 40 , wherein a thickness of the conductive adhesive material is between 0.25 and 50 mils. 
     
     
         50 . The electrode of  claim 40 , wherein the conductive adhesive material comprises conductive particles. 
     
     
         51 . The electrode of  claim 50 , wherein the conductive particles comprise at least one of microscopic or nano-scale particles. 
     
     
         52 . The electrode of  claim 50 , wherein the conductive particles comprise at least one of carbon black, silver, nickel, graphene, graphite, carbon nanotubes, aluminum, copper, gold, or platinum. 
     
     
         53 . An electrode for long term wear, comprising:
 a top layer comprising a non-conductive, flexible, water vapor-permeable, electrically-insulating material;   a conductive adhesive material;   at least one sensing element positioned between the non-conductive, flexible, water vapor-permeable, electrically-insulating material and the conductive adhesive material; and   at least one electrical connector configured to connect the electrode to a wearable defibrillator, wherein the electrode is configured to receive defibrillation energy from the wearable defibrillator via the at least one electrical connector;   wherein the conductive adhesive material is configured to disperse current laterally along a plane of a surface of the electrode prior to delivery of the defibrillation energy.   
     
     
         54 . The electrode of  claim 53 , wherein a water vapor permeability of the electrode is between around 600 gm/m 2 /24 hours and around 1400 gm/m 2 /24 hours. 
     
     
         55 . The electrode of  claim 53 , wherein the electrode is further configured to deliver at least one pacing pulse. 
     
     
         56 . The electrode of  claim 55 , wherein the at least one pacing pulse comprises a current pulse having a duration in a range of 10-40 ms. 
     
     
         57 . The electrode of  claim 53 , wherein the conductive adhesive material comprises conductive particles. 
     
     
         58 . The electrode of  claim 57 , wherein the conductive particles comprise at least one of carbon black, silver, nickel, graphene, graphite, carbon nanotubes, aluminum, copper, gold, or platinum. 
     
     
         59 . The electrode of  claim 55 , further comprising a backing attached to the conductive adhesive material.