Electronic Phenotyping Technique for Diagnosing Chronic Kidney Disease

Abstract

An example method of diagnosing chronic kidney disease (CKD) includes obtaining an electronic medical record for a patient having medical data. The medical data includes an indication if the patient had been previously diagnosed with CKD, an indication if the patient had previously undergone a kidney transplant, an indication if the patient had previously undergone a renal dialysis procedure, an indication if the patient had previously been diagnosed with another type of kidney disease, one or more glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measurements associated with the patient, an indication if the patient has type 2 diabetes, and/or an indication if the patient has hypertension. The method also includes automatically determining that the patient has CKD or does not have CKD based on the medical data in the electronic record.

1 - 10 . (canceled) 
     
     
         11 . A method comprising:
 obtaining, by a computer system, electronic medical data regarding a patient, the medical data comprising:
 an indication if the patient had been previously diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD), 
 an indication if the patient had previously had acute kidney failure, 
 an indication if the patient had previously undergone a kidney transplant, 
 an indication if the patient had previously undergone a renal dialysis procedure, 
 an indication if the patient had previously been diagnosed with another type of kidney disease, 
 one or more glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measurements associated with the patient, 
 an indication if the patient has type 2 diabetes, and 
 an indication if the patient has hypertension; 
   making, by the computer system based on the electronic medical data, a first determination that the patient:
 had been previously diagnosed with CKD and is associated with GFR measurements less than a threshold value, 
 had previously undergone a kidney transplant, 
 had previously undergone a renal dialysis procedure, 
 has not had acute kidney failure, 
 had previously been diagnosed with another type of kidney disease, and/or 
 is associated with two or more GFP measurements less than the threshold value within a threshold period of time, 
   responsive to making the first determination, making, by the computer system based on the electronic medical data, a second determination that the patient does not satisfy one or more exclusion criteria, and   responsive to making the second determination, making, by the computer system based on the electronic medical data, a third determination that the patient:
 has type 2 diabetes, and/or 
 has hypertension; and 
   responsive to making the third determination, automatically determining, by the computer system, that the patient has CKD.   
     
     
         12 . The method of  claim 11 , wherein the step of automatically determining that the patient has CKD includes determining whether the patient has diabetic CKD, has diabetic/hypertensive CKD, or has hypertensive CKD. 
     
     
         13 . The method of  claim 12 , wherein determining whether the patient has diabetic CKD, has diabetic/hypertensive CKD, or has hypertensive CKD comprises:
 determining that the patient has type 2 diabetes and does not have hypertension, and   responsive to determining that the patient has type 2 diabetes and does not have hypertension, determining that the patient has diabetic CKD.   
     
     
         14 . The method of  claim 12 , wherein determining whether the patient has diabetic CKD, has diabetic/hypertensive CKD, or has hypertensive CKD comprises:
 determining that the patient has type 2 diabetes and has hypertension, and   responsive to determining that the patient has type 2 diabetes and has hypertension, determining that the patient has diabetic/hypertensive CKD.   
     
     
         15 . The method of  claim 12 , wherein determining whether the patient has diabetic CKD, has diabetic/hypertensive CKD, or has hypertensive CKD comprises:
 determining that the patient does not have type 2 diabetes and has hypertension, and   responsive to determining that the patient does not have type 2 diabetes and has hypertension, determining that the patient has hypertensive CKD.   
     
     
         16 . A computer system for determining whether a patient has chronic kidney disease (CKD), the computer system comprising:
 one or more processors; and   memory addressable by the one or more processors, the memory storing at least one program for execution by the one or more processors, the at least one program comprising instructions for:   obtaining electronic medical data regarding the patient, the medical data comprising:
 an indication if the patient had been previously diagnosed with CKD, 
 an indication if the patient had previously had acute kidney failure, 
 an indication if the patient had previously undergone a kidney transplant, 
 an indication if the patient had previously undergone a renal dialysis procedure, 
 an indication if the patient had previously been diagnosed with another type of kidney disease, 
 one or more glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measurements associated with the patient, 
 an indication if the patient has type 2 diabetes, and 
 an indication if the patient has hypertension; 
   making, by the computer system based on the electronic medical data, a first determination that the patient:
 had been previously diagnosed with CKD and is associated with GFR measurements less than a threshold value, 
 had previously undergone a kidney transplant, 
 had previously undergone a renal dialysis procedure, 
 has not had acute kidney failure, 
 had previously been diagnosed with another type of kidney disease, and/or 
 is associated with two or more GFP measurements less than the threshold value within a threshold period of time, 
   responsive to making the first determination, making, based on the electronic medical data, a second determination that the patient does not satisfy one or more exclusion criteria, and   responsive to making the second determination, making, based on the electronic medical data, a third determination that the patient:
 has type 2 diabetes, and/or 
 has hypertension; and 
   responsive to making the third determination, automatically determining, by the computer system, that the patient has CKD.   
     
     
         17 . The computer system of claim  116 , wherein the step of automatically determining that the patient has CKD includes determining whether the patient has diabetic CKD, has diabetic/hypertensive CKD, or has hypertensive CKD. 
     
     
         18 . The computer system of  claim 17 , wherein determining whether the patient has diabetic CKD, has diabetic/hypertensive CKD, or has hypertensive CKD comprises:
 determining that the patient has type 2 diabetes and does not have hypertension, and   responsive to determining that the patient has type 2 diabetes and does not have hypertension, determining that the patient has diabetic CKD.   
     
     
         19 . The computer system of  claim 17 , wherein determining whether the patient has diabetic CKD, has diabetic/hypertensive CKD, or has hypertensive CKD comprises:
 determining that the patient has type 2 diabetes and has hypertension, and   responsive to determining that the patient has type 2 diabetes and has hypertension, determining that the patient has diabetic/hypertensive CKD.   
     
     
         20 . The computer system of  claim 17 , wherein determining whether the patient has diabetic CKD, has diabetic/hypertensive CKD, or has hypertensive CKD comprises:
 determining that the patient does not have type 2 diabetes and has hypertension, and   responsive to determining that the patient does not have type 2 diabetes and has hypertension, determining that the patient has hypertensive CKD.   
     
     
         21 . A non-transitory computer readable storage medium, wherein the non-transitory computer readable storage medium stores instructions, which when executed by a computer system, cause the computer system to perform a method for determining whether a patient has chronic kidney disease (CKD), the method comprising:
 obtaining electronic medical data regarding the patient, the medical data comprising:
 an indication if the patient had been previously diagnosed with CKD, 
 an indication if the patient had previously had acute kidney failure, 
 an indication if the patient had previously undergone a kidney transplant, 
 an indication if the patient had previously undergone a renal dialysis procedure, 
 an indication if the patient had previously been diagnosed with another type of kidney disease, 
 one or more glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measurements associated with the patient, 
 an indication if the patient has type 2 diabetes, and 
 an indication if the patient has hypertension; 
   making, by the computer system based on the electronic medical data, a first determination that the patient:
 had been previously diagnosed with CKD and is associated with GFR measurements less than a threshold value, 
 had previously undergone a kidney transplant, 
 had previously undergone a renal dialysis procedure, 
 has not had acute kidney failure, 
 had previously been diagnosed with another type of kidney disease, and/or 
 is associated with two or more GFP measurements less than the threshold value within a threshold period of time, 
   responsive to making the first determination, making, based on the electronic medical data, a second determination that the patient does not satisfy one or more exclusion criteria, and   responsive to making the second determination, making, based on the electronic medical data, a third determination that the patient:
 has type 2 diabetes, and/or 
 has hypertension; and 
   responsive to making the third determination, automatically determining, by the computer system, that the patient has CKD.   
     
     
         22 . The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 21 , wherein the step of automatically determining that the patient has CKD includes determining whether the patient has diabetic CKD, has diabetic/hypertensive CKD, or has hypertensive CKD. 
     
     
         23 . The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 22 , wherein determining whether the patient has diabetic CKD, has diabetic/hypertensive CKD, or has hypertensive CKD comprises:
 determining that the patient has type 2 diabetes and does not have hypertension, and   responsive to determining that the patient has type 2 diabetes and does not have hypertension, determining that the patient has diabetic CKD.   
     
     
         24 . The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 22 , wherein determining whether the patient has diabetic CKD, has diabetic/hypertensive CKD, or has hypertensive CKD comprises:
 determining that the patient has type 2 diabetes and has hypertension, and   responsive to determining that the patient has type 2 diabetes and has hypertension, determining that the patient has diabetic/hypertensive CKD.   
     
     
         25 . The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of  claim 22 , wherein determining whether the patient has diabetic CKD, has diabetic/hypertensive CKD, or has hypertensive CKD comprises:
 determining that the patient does not have type 2 diabetes and has hypertension, and   responsive to determining that the patient does not have type 2 diabetes and has hypertension, determining that the patient has hypertensive CKD.