Protocols in Blockchain Environments

Abstract

A protocol cost effectively separates any blockchain (such as the Bitcoin blockchain) from any cryptocurrency (such as the Bitcoin cryptocurrency). The protocol provides client-defined Chains of Entries, client-side validation of Entries, a distributed consensus algorithm for recording the Entries, and a blockchain anchoring approach for security.

1 . A method performed by a server that records cryptographic transactions conducted by computers, the method comprising:
 receiving, by the server, a cryptographic transaction of the cryptographic transactions;   determining, by the server, a chain identifier that is associated with the cryptographic transaction;   determining, by the server, an entry block in a blockchain data layer that is associated with the chain identifier;   adding, by the server, the cryptographic transaction to the entry block in the blockchain data layer that is associated with the chain identifier;   generating, by the server, a directory block in the blockchain data layer based on the entry block and the chain identifier; and   recording, by the server, the directory block to a blockchain;   wherein the directory block records the cryptographic transaction.   
     
     
         2 . The method of  claim 1 , further comprising generating a hash value representing the directory block. 
     
     
         3 . The method of  claim 2 , further comprising recording the hash value representing the directory block to the blockchain. 
     
     
         4 . The method of  claim 1 , further comprising recording the chain identifier to the blockchain. 
     
     
         5 . The method of  claim 1 , further comprising timestamping the cryptographic transaction. 
     
     
         6 . The method of  claim 1 , further comprising timestamping the entry block. The method of  claim 1 , further comprising timestamping the directory block. 
     
     
         8 . A system, comprising:
 a hardware processor; and   a memory device storing instructions that when executed by the hardware processor perform operations, the operations comprising:   receiving a cryptographic transaction conducted by computers via a network;   determining a chain identifier that is associated with the cryptographic transaction;   determining an entry block in a blockchain data layer that is associated with the chain identifier;   adding the cryptographic transaction to the entry block in the blockchain data layer that is associated with the chain identifier;   generating a directory block in the blockchain data layer based on the entry block and the chain identifier; and   recording the directory block to a blockchain;   wherein the directory block records the cryptographic transaction.   
     
     
         9 . The system of  claim 8 , wherein the operations further comprise generating a hash value representing the directory block. 
     
     
         10 . The system of  claim 9 , wherein the operations further comprise recording the hash value representing the directory block to the blockchain. 
     
     
         11 . The system of  claim 8 , wherein the operations further comprise recording the chain identifier to the blockchain. 
     
     
         12 . The system of  claim 8 , wherein the operations further comprise timestamping the cryptographic transaction. 
     
     
         13 . The system of  claim 8 , wherein the operations further comprise timestamping the entry block. 
     
     
         14 . The system of  claim 8 , wherein the operations further comprise timestamping the directory block. 
     
     
         15 . A memory device storing instructions that when executed by a hardware processor perform operations, the operations comprising:
 receiving cryptographic transactions conducted by computers via a network;   determining a chain identifier that is associated with the cryptographic transactions;   determining a directory block that is associated with the chain identifier;   recording the cryptographic transactions to the directory block;   determining a rate of generation associated with the directory block;   identifying a virtual machine that is associated with the rate of generation; and   assigning the virtual machine to the cryptographic transactions.   
     
     
         16 . The memory device of  claim 15 , wherein the operations further comprise hashing the directory block. 
     
     
         17 . The memory device of  claim 15 , wherein the operations further comprise executing the virtual machine. 
     
     
         18 . The memory device of  claim 15 , wherein the operations further comprise recording the virtual machine to a blockchain. 
     
     
         19 . The memory device of  claim 15 , wherein the operations further comprise recording the cryptographic transactions to the blockchain. 
     
     
         20 . The memory device of  claim 15 , wherein the operations further comprise recording the rate of generation to the blockchain.