Method For Extracting Rare Earth Elements Contained In Permanent Magnets

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for extracting rare earth elements contained in permanent magnets, which includes the steps of thermal treatment of the permanent magnet, crushing at the end of the thermal treatment in order to obtain particles with a size smaller than 2 mm, treatment by agitation of the particles in a solution containing an organic acid, and separation of the liquid phase from the solid phase.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A process for extracting rare-earth elements contained in a permanent magnet of NdFeB type comprising the steps of:
 a) heat treating the permanent magnet at a temperature greater than or equal to its Curie temperature,   b) grinding of the magnet resulting from the heat treatment step to obtain particles having, for 80% to 90% thereof, a size of less than 2 mm,   c) treating, with stirring, the particles having, for 80% to 90% thereof, a size of less than 2 mm with a solution containing an organic acid,   d) separating a liquid phase from an optional solid phase at the end of the treatment with the solution containing the organic acid, and   e) separating the iron from rare-earth elements in said liquid phase by precipitating the iron.   
     
     
         2 . The process according to  claim 1 , wherein the magnet particles resulting from the grinding have a size of less than 2 mm for 80% thereof and the particles having a size of less than 2 mm for 80% thereof are treated in step c). 
     
     
         3 . The process according to  claim 1 , the organic acid being acetic acid, oxalic acid or citric acid, or a mixture thereof. 
     
     
         4 . The process according to  claim 1 , the solution containing an organic acid has a concentration of organic acid ranging from 5% to 30% by volume. 
     
     
         5 . The process according to  claim 1 , the treating with a solution containing the organic acid being carried out for a minimum duration of 1 hour. 
     
     
         6 . The process according to  claim 1 , wherein other rare earth elements have been added to the permanent magnet. 
     
     
         7 . A recycling process incorporating the extraction process according to  claim 1 , wherein the permanent magnet originates from industrial waste. 
     
     
         8 . The process according to  claim 2 , wherein the magnet particles resulting from the grinding have a size of less than 2 mm for 90% thereof and the particles having a size of less than 2 mm for 90% thereof are treated in step c). 
     
     
         9 . The process according to  claim 4 , wherein the solution containing an organic acid has a concentration of organic acid of 10% by volume. 
     
     
         10 . The process according to  claim 5 , wherein the treating with a solution containing an organic acid is carried out for less than 24 hours. 
     
     
         11 . The process according to  claim 10 , wherein the treating with a solution containing an organic acid is carried out for 100 to 420 minutes. 
     
     
         12 . The process according to  claim 11 , wherein the treating with a solution containing an organic acid is carried out for 420 minutes. 
     
     
         13 . The process according to  claim 1 , wherein the iron is separated using introduction of oxygen or an oxygen containing gas. 
     
     
         14 . The process according to  claim 13 , wherein the iron is separated using bubbling or mixing of oxygen or an oxygen containing gas. 
     
     
         15 . The process according to  claim 13 , wherein the oxygen containing gas is air. 
     
     
         16 . The process according to  claim 13 , wherein the iron is separated using pure oxygen.