Polyols for thermoset and thermoplastic applications of lignin

Abstract

A composition comprising: lignin, a polyol carrier compound and an isocyanate is disclosed. The lignin being mixed with the polyol carrier compound. The polyol carrier compound is selected from the group consisting of TCPP, TECP, TMCP, TDCP, etholoxylated and propoxylated phenols, tris-chloroisopropyl phosphate, amino methyl propanol, glycerin carbonate, polyether modified polysiloxanes, bromophthalic anhydride derivatives, propanediols; bromine, chlorine and/or phosphorus based fire retardants, epoxies, glycerins, sugar, glycols, certain natural oil based polyols and ethoxylated and or propoxylated alcohols. The lignin-polyol carrier compound mixture is reacted with the isocyanate producing a foam, plastic or other material. For a thermoplastic solid the same polyol carrier compounds are used but in higher percentages of lignin.

1 - 12 . (canceled) 
     
     
         13 . A lignin fire retardant thermoplastic composed of 70-80% lignin and 20-30% carrier compounds wherein said lignin and carrier compounds mixture form a miscible mixture when heated and when cooled forms a solid lignin-based fire-retardant thermoplastic. 
     
     
         14 . The lignin fire retardant thermoplastic composed of 70-80% lignin and 20-30% carrier compounds as claimed in  claim 13  wherein the carrier compounds include at least one polyol carrier compound is selected from each of two groups of compounds, wherein the first group consists of bromine based fire retardants; chlorine based fire retardants; phosphorus based fire retardants; and combinations thereof; and, where the second group consists of butoxyethanol; amino methyl propanol; glycerin carbonate; siloxane; phthalic anhydride; bromophthalic anhydride derivative; epoxy; glycerin; and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         15 . The lignin fire retardant thermoplastic composed of 70-80% lignin and 20-30% carrier compounds as claimed in  claim 13 , wherein said lignin is prepared from a process consisting of a Kraft pulping process, a sulfite pulping process, a semi-mechanical pulping process, a solvent process, and a steam explosion process. 
     
     
         16 . The lignin fire retardant thermoplastic composed of 70-80% lignin and 20-30% carrier compounds as claimed in  claim 13 , wherein said hot miscible mixture is formed at a 160-390° F. 
     
     
         17 . A lignin fire retardant polyol composed of 1-60% lignin and 40-99% carrier compounds wherein said lignin and carrier compounds mixture form a miscible mixture when heated and when cooled forms a solid lignin-based fire-retardant thermoplastic. 
     
     
         18 . The lignin fire retardant polyol composed of 1-60% lignin and 40-99% carrier compounds as claimed in  claim 17  wherein the carrier compounds include at least one polyol carrier compound is selected from each of two groups of compounds, wherein the first group consists of bromine based fire retardants; chlorine based fire retardants; phosphorus based fire retardants; and combinations thereof; and, where the second group consists of butoxyethanol; amino methyl propanol; glycerin carbonate; siloxane; phthalic anhydride; bromophthalic anhydride derivative; epoxy; glycerin; and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         19 . The lignin fire retardant polyol composed of 1-60% lignin and 40-99% carrier compounds as claimed in  claim 17  wherein said lignin is prepared from a process consisting of a Kraft pulping process, a sulfite pulping process, a semi-mechanical pulping process, a solvent process, and a steam explosion process. 
     
     
         20 . The lignin fire retardant polyol composed of 1-60% lignin and 40-99% carrier compounds as claimed in  claim 17  wherein said hot miscible mixture is formed at a 160-390° F.