Cryogenic kyphoplasty instrument and methods of use

Abstract

A surgical instrument includes an outer shaft defining a passageway. An inner shaft is disposed within the passageway and defines a lumen. An expandable structure has a first end coupled to a second end of the outer shaft and a second end coupled to a second end of the inner shaft. The expandable member defines a chamber. A delivery shaft includes a first end positioned within the passageway and a second end positioned within the chamber. The delivery shaft defines a channel configured to deliver a coolant out of an opening in the second end of the delivery shaft and into the chamber to move the expandable structure from an unexpanded configuration to an expanded configuration. A variable exhaust valve is in communication with the passageway and is configured to regulate pressure within the chamber. Systems and methods are disclosed.

1 - 20 . (canceled) 
     
     
         21 . A surgical instrument, comprising:
 a sleeve defining a passageway;   a shaft disposed within the passageway;   a balloon having a first end coupled to the sleeve and an opposite second end coupled to the shaft,   wherein the shaft is movably disposed within the passageway to move the instrument between a first orientation in which a portion of the balloon is positioned outside of the passageway and a second orientation in which the portion of the balloon is positioned within the passageway.   
     
     
         22 . The surgical instrument recited in  claim 21 , further comprising a valve configured to regulate pressure within the balloon. 
     
     
         23 . The surgical instrument recited in  claim 22 , further comprising a delivery shaft configured to deliver a coolant into the balloon to expand the balloon. 
     
     
         24 . The surgical instrument recited in  claim 22 , further comprising a delivery shaft, the delivery shaft comprising a first end positioned within the passageway and a second end positioned within the balloon, the delivery shaft being configured to deliver a coolant into the balloon to expand the balloon. 
     
     
         25 . The surgical instrument recited in  claim 21 , further comprising a variable exhaust valve configured to regulate pressure within the balloon. 
     
     
         26 . The surgical instrument recited in  claim 25 , further comprising a delivery shaft configured to deliver a coolant into the balloon to expand the balloon. 
     
     
         27 . The surgical instrument recited in  claim 25 , further comprising a delivery shaft, the delivery shaft comprising a first end positioned within the passageway and a second end positioned within the balloon, the delivery shaft being configured to deliver a coolant into the balloon to expand the balloon. 
     
     
         28 . The surgical instrument recited in  claim 21 , further comprising a delivery shaft configured to deliver a coolant into the balloon to expand the balloon. 
     
     
         29 . The surgical instrument recited in  claim 21 , further comprising a delivery shaft, the delivery shaft comprising a first end positioned within the passageway and a second end positioned within the balloon, the delivery shaft being configured to deliver a coolant into the balloon to expand the balloon. 
     
     
         30 . The surgical instrument recited in  claim 21 , wherein the shaft defines a lumen, the lumen being in communication with a chamber of the balloon. 
     
     
         31 . A surgical instrument, comprising:
 a sleeve defining a passageway;   a shaft disposed within the passageway;   a balloon having a first end coupled to the sleeve and an opposite second end coupled to the shaft,   wherein the shaft is movably disposed within the passageway such that moving the shaft relative to the sleeve positions at least a portion of the balloon within the passageway.   
     
     
         32 . The surgical instrument recited in  claim 31 , further comprising a valve configured to regulate pressure within the balloon. 
     
     
         33 . The surgical instrument recited in  claim 32 , further comprising a delivery shaft configured to deliver a coolant into the balloon to expand the balloon. 
     
     
         34 . The surgical instrument recited in  claim 32 , further comprising a delivery shaft, the delivery shaft comprising a first end positioned within the passageway and a second end positioned within the balloon, the delivery shaft being configured to deliver a coolant into the balloon to expand the balloon. 
     
     
         35 . The surgical instrument recited in  claim 31 , further comprising a variable exhaust valve configured to regulate pressure within the balloon. 
     
     
         36 . The surgical instrument recited in  claim 35 , further comprising a delivery shaft configured to deliver a coolant into the balloon to expand the balloon. 
     
     
         37 . The surgical instrument recited in  claim 35 , further comprising a delivery shaft, the delivery shaft comprising a first end positioned within the passageway and a second end positioned within the balloon, the delivery shaft being configured to deliver a coolant into the balloon to expand the balloon. 
     
     
         38 . The surgical instrument recited in  claim 31 , further comprising a delivery shaft, the delivery shaft comprising a first end positioned within the passageway and a second end positioned within the balloon, the delivery shaft being configured to deliver a coolant into the balloon to expand the balloon. 
     
     
         39 . The surgical instrument recited in  claim 31 , wherein the shaft defines a lumen, the lumen being in communication with a chamber of the balloon. 
     
     
         40 . A surgical instrument, comprising:
 an outer member defining a passageway;   an inner member movably disposed within the passageway;   a balloon having a first end coupled to the outer member and a second end coupled to the inner member;   a delivery member configured to deliver a coolant into balloon,   wherein the inner member is movable relative to the outer member to move the the balloon from a first orientation in which the balloon is positioned entirely outside of the passageway and a second orientation in which at least a portion of the balloon is positioned within the passageway.