Rotary engine system with work done in multiple cavities

Abstract

A rotary engine system comprises a first-stage working unit and a second-stage working unit configured to complete two passes of work done simultaneously on the same concentric shaft, and the design of two passes of work is based on the work of the pressure on the pistons and the work done by the turbine through the impulsion of the pressure gas and the expansion of the moving mass released by the turbine. The mode of doing work in two cavities is adopted to complete two passes of work in different cavities, namely the work done under pressure and the work done with the mass released by the turbine, thereby realizing twice utilization of total energy. The new structure of the engine system is capable of improving the engine efficiency obviously.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A rotary engine system, comprising a plane base ( 51 ), wherein a left bearing seat, a middle bearing seat and a right bearing seat are disposed at the top of the plane base ( 51 ) in sequence from left to right; recesses are formed in the left bearing seat and the middle bearing seat, and a first-stage working unit ( 2 ) and a second-stage working unit ( 21 ) are disposed in the recesses in sequence from right to left; a swivel bearing A ( 31 ) is disposed in the right bearing seat, while a plane thrust bearing ( 32 ) is disposed in the middle bearing seat and a swivel bearing B ( 33 ) is disposed in the left bearing seat; a shaft ( 1 ) is disposed through the centers of the swivel bearing A ( 31 ) and the swivel bearing B ( 33 ); the shaft ( 1 ) has a two-stepped shaft structure with a left small end designed as a solid shaft and a right big end, and a right portion of the big end is designed as a hollow shaft; a left cylindrical surface of the hollow shaft has a plurality of equally spaced gas delivery holes, and the first-stage working unit ( 2 ) is disposed around the gas delivery holes; the first-stage working unit ( 2 ) and the second-stage working unit ( 21 ) are configured to complete two passes of work done simultaneously on the same concentric shaft, and the design of two passes of work is based on the work of the pressure on the pistons and the work done by the turbine through the impulsion of the pressure gas and the expansion of the moving mass released by the turbine;
 the first-stage working unit ( 2 ) comprises a first-stage rotor ( 3 ) and a stator around the first-stage rotor ( 3 ); the stator is composed of a front stator ( 52 ), a middle stator ( 53 ) and a rear stator ( 16 ), and the front stator ( 52 ), the middle stator ( 53 ) and the rear stator ( 16 ) are disposed around the shaft ( 1 ) in sequence from right to left; a plurality of groups of equally spaced gas delivery passages ( 4 ) are axially formed within the first-stage rotor ( 3 ), and each group of gas delivery passages ( 4 ) has uniformly distributed passages; pistons ( 5 ) are disposed between the outer race of the first-stage rotor ( 3 ) and the inner race of the stator; the pistons ( 5 ) have a plurality of groups of equally spaced piston orifices ( 6 ) that are formed axially; each group of piston orifices ( 6 ) has uniformly distributed gas orifices, and each gas delivery passage ( 4 ) is communicated with the gas delivery hole of the hollow shaft and the piston orifice ( 6 ); the first-stage working unit ( 2 ) forms a cylinder ( 8 ); a chamber ( 7 ) formed in the cylinder ( 8 ) is communicated with the hollow shaft of the shaft ( 1 ) by means of the piston orifices ( 6 ) and the gas delivery passages ( 4 ); a plurality of uniformly distributed valves ( 9 ) are circumferentially disposed at the inner race of the cylinder ( 8 ); the valves ( 9 ) are opened and closed depending on moving positions of the pistons ( 5 ), so that isolated cavities are formed in the chamber ( 7 );   a plurality of uniformly distributed exhaust holes A ( 10 ) are circumferentially formed in the first-stage rotor ( 3 ); the exhaust hole A ( 10 ) has an inclined surface structure with an angular exhaust orifice ( 11 ); a tail end of the exhaust orifice ( 11 ) is connected to an angular nozzle ( 12 ) by means of a one-way valve ( 25 ), and the angular nozzle ( 12 ) is capable of ejecting and releasing a pressure gas stored in the chamber ( 7 );   a plurality of uniformly distributed diversion holes ( 13 ) are circumferentially formed in the rear stator ( 16 ); the diversion hole ( 13 ) has a waist-shaped hole structure; the angular nozzles ( 12 ) are capable of releasing the pressure gas alternately through the diversion holes ( 13 ) to do work due to the motion of mass and ejecting and releasing the residual pressure gas through exhaust inlets ( 15 ) to exhaust holes B ( 20 ); and   the second-stage working unit ( 21 ) comprises a moving blade ( 17 ) and an additional moving blade ( 22 ) on the first rotor; the second-stage working unit ( 21 ) allows ejection from the angular nozzles ( 12 ) of the first-stage working unit through the diversion holes ( 13 ) in a cover plate of the rear stator ( 16 ) to the second-stage moving blade ( 17 ) and the exhaust inlets ( 15 ) and ejection to the working piece additional moving blade ( 22 ) of the second-stage working unit ( 21 ) through the exhaust holes B ( 20 ); and the pressure gas is delivered through deflecting guide holes of the first moving blade ( 17 ) to a second moving blade ( 18 ) and a follow-up moving blade ( 19 ) and into the system of the second-stage working units of a third rotor and a fourth rotor to do work by the internal energy release mass motion of the total pressure gas.   
     
     
         2 . A working method of the rotary engine system according to  claim 1 , comprising the following operation steps:
 (1) pressure gas delivery:   delivering the pressure gas to the center of the first-stage rotor ( 3 ) of the first-stage working unit ( 2 ) through the gas delivery holes in the hollow shaft segment of the shaft ( 1 );   (2) formation of isolated cavities in the chamber:   delivering the pressure gas into the piston orifices ( 6 ) of the pistons ( 5 ) and the chamber ( 7 ) of the cylinder ( 8 ) in sequence through the gas delivery passages ( 4 ) within the first-stage rotor ( 3 ), and causing the valves ( 9 ) to open and close depending on the moving positions of the pistons ( 5 ), wherein a plurality of isolated cavities are formed in the chamber ( 7 ) of the cylinder ( 8 ) when the valves ( 9 ) are closed; and the chamber ( 7 ) is divided into the isolated cavities for storing the pressure gas;   (3) first work:   applying, by the pressure gas delivered into the chamber ( 7 ) through the piston orifices ( 6 ), a counter-acting force on the pistons ( 5 ), causing the pistons ( 5 ) to rotate along with the first-stage rotor ( 3 ) under increased pressure, wherein the moving of the pistons ( 5 ) confirms the first work done by the pistons ( 5 ); the valves ( 9 ) in the cylinder ( 8 ) are closed automatically when the pistons ( 5 ) move for a particular distance; the pressure gas delivered through the piston orifices ( 6 ) is stored in the limited space of the chamber ( 7 ); the pressure of the gas in the chamber ( 7 ) and the counter-acting force of ejection act on the pistons ( 5 ), causing the pistons ( 5 ) to move to do mechanical work; thus, the first-stage process of doing work under pressure is confirmed; a moving speed of the pistons ( 5 ) is restricted by selecting a gas delivery rate and choosing the valves ( 9 ) used; and continuous motion of the pistons ( 5 ) occurs at a low speed under overload; and   since the pressure gas stored in the chamber ( 7 ) needs to be released after doing work under pressure, the pressure gas is ejected into the second-stage working unit ( 21 ) through the exhaust holes A ( 10 ) of the first-stage rotor ( 3 ) and the angular nozzles ( 12 ) to do work; and therefore, additional work is done on the first-stage rotor and added to the first-stage working unit, so that additional energy is obtained during the first-stage work and the efficiency of the first-stage work is increased;   (4) second work:   releasing the pressure gas stored in the chamber ( 7 ) through the first work and relieving the pressure in the chamber ( 7 ); ejecting the pressure gas to the first moving blade ( 17 ) and the exhaust inlets ( 15 ) in the second-stage working unit ( 21 ) by means of the exhaust holes A ( 10 ) and the angular nozzles ( 12 ) through the diversion holes ( 13 ) of the stator to do work and relieve pressure; delivering the ejected pressure gas into the moving blade ( 17 ) and the additional moving blade ( 22 ) of the second-stage working unit ( 21 ) and then ejecting the pressure gas by the moving blade ( 17 ) to moving blades behind including the second moving blade ( 18 ) and the follow-up moving blade ( 19 ) into the system chamber of the second-stage working unit ( 21 ), thereby completing the second-stage work done with full energy from the mass motion of the pressure gas released by the turbine, wherein the additional moving blade ( 22 ) is an auxiliary blade mounted outside the moving blade ( 17 ) to utilize exhaust gas to do work; and   in the process of the second-stage work done with the stored gas, the residual gas in the chamber ( 7 ) is vented at the end of the process, which is specifically delivered from the exhaust holes A ( 10 ) via the orifices of the angular nozzles ( 12 ), through the exhaust inlets ( 15 ) formed in the cover plate of the rear stator ( 16 ) and the passages in the stator, to the exhaust holes B ( 20 ), and then ejected to the additional moving blade ( 22 ) outside the moving blade ( 17 ) to do work with the aid of the released energy; the space behind the additional moving blade ( 22 ) is conventional atmospheric zero-pressure space; and therefore, the second-stage work done by full release is completed.   
     
     
         3 . The rotary engine system according to  claim 1 , wherein the first-stage working unit ( 2 ) works based on the principle of continuously ejecting the pressure gas using concentrically rotating piston nozzles; switching valves ( 9 ) are added in the camber ( 7 ) of the cylinder ( 8 ) in which unidirectional circular rotation of pistons occur to create a plurality of isolated cavities in the chamber, thereby forming independently closed cylinder cavities to isolate and store the pressure gas delivered by the pistons ( 5 ) for ejection to the turbine to do work for the second time due to the mass motion of the gas; thus, the pressure gas is continuously utilized to do work with the turbine after the work done by the motion of the pistons ( 5 ) under pressure during the delivery of the pressure gas, and full utilization of the pressure of the pressure gas and the energy of the mass motion of the released gas to do work is realized; and
 both intake and exhaust of the pressure gas are carried out on the assembly of the rotor with concentric pistons to complete the whole process of doing work; the pressure gas is delivered through the center of the shaft ( 1 ), and delivered to orifices in piston heads through the center and the internal gas delivery passages ( 4 ) of the first-stage rotor ( 3 ) for uninterrupted ejection; the pressure gas delivered by the pistons ( 5 ) is isolated and stored after the first work done by the motion of the pistons ( 5 ) under pressure, and the energy of the stored pressure gas is delivered through the exhaust orifices in the piston rotor to the second-stage system to do the second work with the turbine; and the pressure gas delivered is actually utilized to do work twice consecutively, namely the work done by the rotating pistons under total pressure and the work done through the release of the total pressure gas with the turbine.   
     
     
         4 . The rotary engine system according to  claim 3 , wherein a mode of doing work is based on two or more cavities for doing work, and two passes of work are allowed only in the presence of two or more cavities for doing work; a quantitative relationship between the rotor and the pressure gas utilized for the first work done by the pistons is established; specifically, the pressure gas is utilized to do work in a fixed amount in limited space, and the second work is done by the energy of the mass motion of the pressure gas stored after the first work. 
     
     
         5 . The rotary engine system according to  claim 3 , wherein the number of the pistons is dependent on the size of the circumferentially rotating rotor, that is, one or more piston heads are mounted on the rotor; the piston head and the orifice body are mounted on the body of the rotating rotor separately; the structure of the piston head and the orifice is a flat rectangular structure to move in the piston chamber of the cylinder along with the rotor without limitation to distance; the exhaust holes A ( 10 ) of the chamber and the angular nozzles ( 12 ), which are as many as the pistons, respectively, are mounted on the body of the rotor at intervals to rotate synchronously with the piston rotor; the exhaust holes A ( 10 ) and the angular nozzles ( 12 ) are configured to do work by ejection to increase the total work done on the first-stage rotor, and serve to turn the space with pressure behind the pistons into atmospheric or negative-pressure space; and
 the pressure gas is delivered by the pistons, causing the pistons to rotate under pressure to do work; the pressure gas stored in the isolated cavities of the cylinder chamber needs to be released by the turbine, and the stored pressure gas ejected through the orifices of the first-stage rotor is delivered to the conventional second-stage turbine and conventionally utilized to do work for the second time; the stored pressure gas is vented through two release cavities; and the exhaust inlets ( 15 ) and the exhaust holes B ( 20 ) are designed to relieve the pressure in the chamber ( 7 ), creating real zero-pressure space behind the pistons.   
     
     
         6 . The rotary engine system according to  claim 3 , wherein the switching valves are added in the piston cylinder so that the chamber of the cylinder is divided into isolated cavities for repeated motion of the pistons and the storage and output of energy; the valves are mounted on the stator in the piston cylinder; the number of the valves is twice plus one of the number of the piston heads to realize an alternate exhaust working mode without simultaneous impulsion; the valves mounted on the cylinder or the outer body of the stator to form isolated cavities, so that the motion of the pistons under pressure and the release of energy of ejection by the piston rotor are carried out in two independently isolated chamber areas; and the switching valves mounted on the stator are opened and closed depending on the moving positions of the rotating pistons. 
     
     
         7 . The rotary engine system according to  claim 3 , wherein with the intake of the pressure gas controlled at the front end of the whole system, the rotating piston system is designed to operate under overload, that is, the load is above the maximum first-stage work output capacity; during the rotation of the rotating piston, a speed of rotation depends on load output; and the total energy of the pressure gas for subsequent utilization is determined by the sectional area under pressure and the moving speed of the pistons under full load and certain working condition. 
     
     
         8 . The rotary engine system according to  claim 3 , wherein the whole system is based on one or more balanced concentric foundation platforms and composed of the first-stage rotating piston structure configured to do work under pressure and the second-stage turbine configured to perform ejection and release; and two passes of work are done concentrically.