Process for pure carbon production, compositions, and methods thereof

Abstract

The disclosure provides for methods of oxidizing carbide anions, or negative ions, from salt like carbides at temperatures from about 150° C. to about 750° C. In another aspect, the disclosure provides for reactions with intermediate transition metal carbides. In yet another aspect, the disclosure provides for a system of reactions where salt-like carbide anions and intermediate carbide anions are oxidized to produce pure carbon of various allotropes.

1 . A method of oxidizing carbide anions and/or negative ions from carbides, said method comprising: oxidizing carbide anions at a reaction temperature range from about 150° C. to about 750° C., wherein the reaction produces an allotrope of carbon in an sp1 and/or sp3 configuration. 
     
     
         2 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein said carbide anions are salt-like or intermediate carbide anions. 
     
     
         3 . The method of  claim 2 , wherein said salt-like carbide anions are selected from the group consisting of methanides, acetylides, and sesquicarbides. 
     
     
         4 . The method of  claim 2 , wherein said salt-like carbide anions are acetylides. 
     
     
         5 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein said reaction produces an allotrope of carbon in an sp1 configuration. 
     
     
         6 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein said reaction produces an allotrope of carbon in an sp3 configuration. 
     
     
         7 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein said reaction temperature is in a range selected from the group consisting of from about 150° C. to about 200° C., from about 150° C. to about 250° C., from about 200° C. to about 250° C., from about 200° C. to about 300° C., from about 200° C. to about 350° C., from about 200° C. to about 400° C., from about 250° C. to about 400° C., from about 200° C. to about 500° C., from about 250° C. to about 500° C. 
     
     
         8 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein said reaction temperature is in a range selected from the group consisting of from about 300° C. to about 600° C., from about 400° C. to about 600° C., from about 500° C. to about 700° C., from about 200° C. to about 700° C., from about 250° C. to about 750° C., and from about 150° C. to about 750° C. 
     
     
         9 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein said reaction temperature is in a range from about from about 250° C. to about 400° C. 
     
     
         10 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein said carbide anions comprise calcium carbide. 
     
     
         11 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein said reaction further comprises adding a salt with a melting point of less than 250° C. as a reactant. 
     
     
         12 . A method of producing pure elemental allotropes of carbon comprising: oxidizing salt-like carbide anions and/or intermediate carbide anions at a reaction temperature range from about 150° C. to about 750° C. 
     
     
         13 . The method of  claim 12 , wherein said salt-like carbide anions are selected from the group consisting of methanides, acetylides, and sesquicarbides. 
     
     
         14 . The method of  claim 12 , wherein the reaction produces pure elemental allotropes of carbon with a sp1 or sp3 configuration. 
     
     
         15 . The method of  claim 12 , wherein said reaction produces pure elemental allotropes of carbon with a sp1 configuration. 
     
     
         16 . The method of  claim 12 , wherein said reaction produces pure elemental allotropes of carbon with a sp3 configuration. 
     
     
         17 . The method of  claim 12 , wherein said reaction temperature is in a range selected from the group consisting of from about 150° C. to about 200° C., from about 150° C. to about 250° C., from about 200° C. to about 250° C., from about 200° C. to about 300° C., from about 200° C. to about 350° C., from about 200° C. to about 400° C., from about 250° C. to about 400° C., from about 200° C. to about 500° C., from about 250° C. to about 500° C. 
     
     
         18 . The method of  claim 12 , wherein said reaction temperature is in a range selected from the group consisting of from about 300° C. to about 600° C., from about 400° C. to about 600° C., from about 500° C. to about 700° C., from about 200° C. to about 700° C., from about 250° C. to about 750° C., and from about 150° C. to about 750° C. 
     
     
         19 . The method of  claim 12 , wherein said reaction temperature is in a range from about from about 250° C. to about 400° C. 
     
     
         20 . The method of  claim 12 , wherein the reaction further comprises utilizing a salt with a melting point of less than 250° C. as a reactant. 
     
     
         21 . The method of  claim 12 , wherein said reaction comprises reacting a sesquicarbide with a molten metallic halide salt to produce a pure allotrope of carbon in the sp1 configuration. 
     
     
         22 . A method for producing diamonds by reacting carbides with molten metallic halide salts at a reaction temperature range from about 150° C. to about 750° C. 
     
     
         23 . The method of  claim 22 , wherein said reaction temperature is in a range selected from the group consisting of from about 150° C. to about 200° C., from about 150° C. to about 250° C., from about 200° C. to about 250° C., from about 200° C. to about 300° C., from about 200° C. to about 350° C., from about 200° C. to about 400° C., from about 250° C. to about 400° C., from about 200° C. to about 500° C., from about 250° C. to about 500° C. 
     
     
         24 . The method of  claim 22 , wherein said reaction temperature is in a range selected from the group consisting of from about 300° C. to about 600° C., from about 400° C. to about 600° C., from about 500° C. to about 700° C., from about 200° C. to about 700° C., from about 250° C. to about 750° C., and from about 150° C. to about 750° C. 
     
     
         25 . The method of  claim 22 , wherein said reaction temperature is in a range from about from about 250° C. to about 400° C. 
     
     
         26 . A method of controlling a carbon allotrope comprising: controlling the reduction potential of a low melting point halide salt reactant by varying the reduction potential of a cation and/or changing the temperature of the melt. 
     
     
         27 . A method of oxidizing carbide anions and/or negative ions from carbides according to  claim 1 , wherein the reaction takes place under an environment that is void or substantially void of oxygen and/or moisture. 
     
     
         28 . A method of producing pure elemental allotropes of carbon according to  claim 12 , wherein the reaction takes place under an environment that is void or substantially void of oxygen and/or moisture.