New surfactant mixture, new composition comprising same, and use thereof in foam liquids for fighting fires

Abstract

Disclosed is a surfactant mixture including: (i) 50%-99% of C1 which includes, per 100% of its weight: (a) 65%-90% of alkyl glutamate with C7-C17, and (b) 10%-35% of formula R1-C(═O)—OH; and (ii) 1%-50% of C2 which includes, per 100% of its weight: (c) 14-80% of C3, represented by R3-O-(G3)p-H where R3 represents C12-C16, G3 represents the residue of a reducing sugar, and 1.05≤p≤5, (d) 0%-3% of an alcohol R3-OH, (e) 20%-80% of C4, which is represented by R4-O-(G4)q-H where R4 represents C4-C7, G4 represents the residue of a reducing sugar and 1.05≤q≤5, and (f) 0%-3% of an alcohol R4-OH. Also disclosed are a fire-fighting foam liquid and a method for extinguishing a fire.

1 - A surfactant mixture (M 1 ) comprising, per 100% of its mass:
 (i)—from 50% to 99% by mass of a composition (C 1 ) comprising, per 100% of its mass:
 (α)—from 65 mass % to 90 mass % of at least one compound of formula (I):
   R 1 —C(═O)—NH—CH(COOH)—(CH 2 ) 2 —COOH  (I)
 
 
   in partially or totally salified acid form in which the group R 1 —C(═O)— represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated acyl radical including from 8 to 18 carbon atoms, and
 (β)—from 10% by mass to 35% by mass of at least one compound of formula (II):
   R 1 —C(═O)—OH  (II)
 
 
   in partially or totally salified acid form in which the group R 1  is as defined for formula (I),   (ii)—from 1% to 50% by mass of a composition (C 2 ) comprising, per 100% of its mass:
 (γ)—from 14% to 80% by mass of a composition (C 3 ) or of a mixture of compositions (C 3 ), said composition (C 3 ) being represented by formula (III):
   R 3 —O-(G 3 ) p -H  (III)
 
 
   in which R 3  represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic radical including from 12 to 16 carbon atoms, G 3  represents a reducing sugar residue and p represents a decimal number greater than or equal to 1.05 and less than or equal to 5, said composition (C 3 ) consisting of a mixture of compounds represented by formulae (III 1 ), (III 2 ), (III 3 ), (III 4 ) and (III 5 ):
   R 3 —O-(G 3 ) 1 -H  (III 1 ),
 
   R 3 —O-(G 3 ) 2 -H  (III 2 ),
 
   R 3 —O-(G 3 ) 3 -H  (III 3 ),
 
   R 3 —O-(G 3 ) 4 -H  (III 4 ),
 
   R 3 —O-(G 3 ) 5 -H  (III 5 ),
 
   in the respective molar proportions a 1 , a 2 , a 3 , a 4  and a 5 , such that:
 the sum a 1 +a 2 +a 3 +a 4 +a 5  is equal to 1, and 
 the sum a 1 +2a 2 +3a 3 +4a 4 +5 as is equal to p; 
 (δ)—from 0% to 3% by mass of at least one alcohol of formula (IV):
   R 3 —OH  (IV)
 
 
   in which R 3  is as defined for the preceding formula (III),
 (ϵ)—from 20% to 80% of a composition (C 4 ) or of a mixture of compositions (C 4 ), said composition (C 4 ) being represented by formula (V):
   R 4 —O-(G 4 ) q -H  (V)
 
 
   in which R 4  represents a linear aliphatic radical, chosen from butyl, pentyl (nC 5 H 11 —), hexyl (nC 6 H 13 —) and heptyl (nC 7 H 15 —) radicals, G 4  represents a reducing sugar residue and q represents a decimal number greater than or equal to 1.05 and less than or equal to 5, said composition (C 4 ) consisting of a mixture of compounds represented by formulae (V 1 ), (V 2 ), (V 3 ), (V 4 ) and (V 5 ):
   R 4 —O-(G 4 ) 1 -H  (V 1 ),
 
   R 4 —O-(G 4 ) 2 -H  (V 2 ),
 
   R 4 —O-(G 4 ) 3 -H  (V 3 ),
 
   R 4 —O-(G 4 ) 4 -H  (V 4 ),
 
   R 4 —O-(G 4 ) 5 -H  (V 5 ),
 
   in the respective molar proportions a′ 1 , a′ 2 , a′ 3 , a′ 4  and a′ 5 , such that:
 the sum a′ 1 +a′ 2 +a′ 3 +a′ 4 +a′ 5  is equal to 1, and 
 the sum a′ 1 +2a′ 2 +3a′ 3 +4a′ 4 +5a′ 5  is equal to q; and 
 (η)—from 0% to 3% by mass of at least one alcohol of formula (VI):
   R 4 —OH  (VI)
 
 
   in which R 4  is as defined for the preceding formula (V).   
     
     
         2 - The surfactant mixture M 1  as defined in  claim 1 , wherein, in formulae (I) and (II), the group R 1 —C(═O)— represents an acyl radical chosen from octanoyl, decanoyl, dodecanoyl, tetradecanoyl, hexadecanoyl, octadecanoyl, 9-octadecenoyl, 9,12-octadecadienoyl and 9,12,15-octadecatrienoyl radicals. 
     
     
         3 - The surfactant mixture (M 1 ) as defined in  claim 1 , wherein said composition (C 2 ) comprises, per 100% of its mass:
 (γ)—a mass proportion of said composition (C 3 ) of greater than or equal to 14% and less than 70%, and   (δ)—a mass proportion of said alcohol of formula (IV) of greater than or equal to 0% and less than or equal to 3%,   (ε)—a mass proportion of said composition (C 4 ) of greater than or equal to 30% and less than or equal to 80%, and   (η)—a mass proportion of said alcohol of formula (VI) of greater than or equal to 0% and less than or equal to 3%.   
     
     
         4 - The surfactant mixture (M 1 ) as defined in  claim 1 , wherein, in formula (III), G 3  represents a reducing sugar residue chosen from glucose, xylose and arabinose residues. 
     
     
         5 - The surfactant mixture (M 1 ) as defined in  claim 1 , wherein, in formula (III), p represents a decimal number greater than or equal to 1.05 and less than or equal to 2.5. 
     
     
         6 - The surfactant mixture (M 1 ) as defined in  claim 1 , wherein, in formulae (III) and (IV), R 3  represents a linear alkyl radical chosen from dodecyl, tetradecyl and hexyldecyl radicals. 
     
     
         7 - The surfactant mixture (M 1 ) as defined in  claim 1 , wherein, in formula (V), G 4  represents a reducing sugar residue chosen from glucose, xylose and arabinose residues. 
     
     
         8 - The surfactant mixture (M 1 ) as defined in  claim 1 , wherein, in formula (V), q represents a decimal number greater than or equal to 1.05 and less than or equal to 2.5. 
     
     
         9 - The surfactant mixture (M 1 ) as defined in  claim 1 , wherein, in formulae (V) and (VI), R 4  represents a linear alkyl radical chosen from hexyl and heptyl radicals. 
     
     
         10 - The surfactant mixture (M 1 ) as defined in  claim 1 , wherein said composition (C 2 ) comprises a mixture of compositions (C 3 ) and of compositions (C 4 ), said mixture comprising, per 100% of its mass:
 (γ 1 )—from 13.6% to 44.4% by mass of a composition (C 3 ) represented by formula (III) in which R 3  represents the dodecyl radical,   (γ 2 )—from 5% to 16.25% by mass of a composition (C 3 ) represented by formula (III) in which R 3  represents the tetradecyl radical, and   (γ 3 )—from 1.4% to 4.55% by mass of a composition (C 3 ) represented by formula (III) in which R 3  represents the hexadecyl radical,   (ϵ 1 )—from 35% to 80% by mass of a composition (C 4 ) represented by formula (V) in which R 4  represents the heptyl radical (nC 7 H 15 ).   
     
     
         11 - The surfactant mixture (M 1 ) as defined in  claim 1 , wherein the mass ratio:
 Δ=Mass of compound (s) of formula (I)/[Mass of composition (C 3 )+Mass of composition (C 4 )], is greater than or equal to 20/80 and less than or equal to 65/35.   
     
     
         12 - The surfactant mixture (M 1 ) as defined in  claim 1 , wherein the mass ratio:
 Δ 1 =Mass of composition (C 3 )/Mass of composition (C 4 ) is greater than or equal to 20/80 and less than or equal to 70/30.   
     
     
         13 - A composition (C A ) comprising, per 100% by mass:
 a)—from 5% to 85% by mass of said (M 1 ) as defined in  claim 1 , and   b)—from 15% to 95% by mass of water.   
     
     
         14 - A composition (C E ) comprising, per 100% by mass:
 a)—from 0.1% to 25% by mass of said mixture (M 1 ) as defined in  claim 1 ,   b)—from 55% to 99.75% by mass of water,   c)—from 0.05% to 10% by mass of at least one fluoro surfactant (FSA) chosen from anionic, cationic, nonionic and amphoteric fluoro surfactants.   d)—from 0.1% to 10% by mass of at least one gelling agent and/or thickener (GA) chosen from polysaccharides consisting of monosaccharide derivatives, polysaccharides consisting solely of monosaccharides, cellulose and cellulose derivatives, starches and linear or branched or crosslinked polyelectrolytes.   
     
     
         15 - The composition (C E ) as defined in  claim 14 , further comprising, per 100% of its mass:
 a)—from 0.1% to 25% by mass of said mixture (M 1 ) in which:
 the compound of formula (I) is chosen from monosodium N-cocoyl glutamate, monopotassium N-cocoyl glutamate, disodium N-cocoyl glutamate and dipotassium N-cocoyl glutamate, 
 the compound of formula (II) is chosen from sodium cocoate and potassium cocoate, 
 in formula (III), R 3  represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic radical including from 12 to 16 carbon atoms, G 3  represents a glucose or xylose residue and p represents a decimal number greater than or equal to 1.05 and less than or equal to 2.5; 
 in formula (IV), R 3  represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic radical including from 12 to 16 carbon atoms, 
 in formula (V), R 4  represents the n-heptyl (nC 7 H 15 ) radical, G 4  represents a glucose or xylose residue and q represents a decimal number greater than or equal to 1.05 and less than or equal to 2, 
 in formula (VI), R 4  represents the n-heptyl (nC 7 H 15 ) and 2-ethylhexyl radical, 
   b)—from 55% to 99.75% by mass of water,   c)—from 0.05% to 10% by mass of at least one fluoro surfactant (FSA) chosen from nonionic and amphoteric fluoro surfactants.   d)—from 0.1% to 10% by mass of at least one gelling agent and/or thickener (GA) chosen from xanthan gum (G X ), acacia gum exudate (G A ), the mixture of xanthan gum (G X ) and of acacia gum exudate (G A ) in a mass ratio between the xanthan gum (G X ) and the acacia gum exudate (G A ) which is greater than or equal to ⅓ and less than or equal to 3/1.   
     
     
         16 - A firefighting foam liquid comprising the surfactant mixture (M 1 ) as defined in  claim 1 . 
     
     
         17 - A process for extinguishing a fire, comprising:
 at least one step A 1  of preparing a foam obtained by mixing a composition (C E ) as defined in  claim 14  with a gas or a mixture of gases, chosen from air, nitrogen or carbon dioxide, followed by   at least one step A 2  of placing the foam prepared in step A 1  in contact with the surface that is on fire.   
     
     
         18 - The process as claimed in  claim 17 , wherein step A 1  consists of a step A 1 ′ of diluting said composition (C E ) with water, in a (C E )/water volume ratio of between 10/90 and 1/99, followed by a step step A 1 ″ of mixing the dilute composition obtained on conclusion of step A 1 ′ with a gas or a mixture of gases chosen from air, nitrogen or carbon dioxide. 
     
     
         19 . The surfactant mixture (M 1 ) as defined in  claim 2 , wherein said composition (C 2 ) comprises, per 100% of its mass:
 (γ)—a mass proportion of said composition (C 3 ) of greater than or equal to 14% and less than 70%, and   (δ)—a mass proportion of said alcohol of formula (IV) of greater than or equal to 0% and less than or equal to 3%,   (ε)—a mass proportion of said composition (C 4 ) of greater than or equal to 30% and less than or equal to 80%, and   (η)—a mass proportion of said alcohol of formula (VI) of greater than or equal to 0% and less than or equal to 3%.   
     
     
         20 . The surfactant mixture (M 1 ) as defined in  claim 2 , wherein, in formula (III), G 3  represents a reducing sugar residue chosen from glucose, xylose and arabinose residues.