Energy harvesting systems for providing autonomous electrical power to building structures and electrically-powered devices in the building structures

Abstract

A method is provided that integrates an autonomous energy harvesting capacity in buildings in an aesthetically neutral manner. A unique set of structural features combine to implement a hidden energy harvesting system on a surface of the building to provide electrical power to the building, and/or to electrically-powered devices in the building. Color-matched, image-matched and/or texture-matched optical layers are formed over energy harvesting components, including photovoltaic energy collecting components. Optical layers are tuned to scatter selectable wavelengths of electromagnetic energy back in an incident direction while allowing remaining wavelengths of electromagnetic energy to pass through the layers to the energy collecting components below. The layers uniquely implement optical light scattering techniques to make the layers appear opaque when observed from a light incident side, while allowing at least 50%, and as much as 80+%, of the energy impinging on the energy or incident side to pass through the layer.

We claim: 
     
         1 . A method for integrating an energy harvesting system in a building, comprising:
 arranging an energy harvesting element on a surface of a building structural component; and   arranging an energy transmissive layer arranged over the energy harvesting element on the surface of the building structural component, the energy transmissive layer having a body-facing side facing the surface of the building structural component, and an energy-incident side opposite the body-facing side,   the energy-incident side presenting a consistent opaque appearance when viewed from substantially any aspect, and   the energy transmissive layer passing 50% or more of light energy impinging on the energy transmissive layer through the energy transmissive layer to activate the energy harvesting element.   
     
     
         2 . The method of  claim 1 , further comprising forming the energy transmissive layer of a material composition comprising a plurality of substantially-transparent particles and a substantially-transparent matrix material that fixes the plurality of substantially-transparent particles in a layer arrangement to form the energy transmissive layer. 
     
     
         3 . The method of  claim 2 , further comprising fixing the plurality of substantially-transparent particles in the matrix material in a manner that causes the energy-incident side to reflect substantially all of one or more selectable wavelengths of the impinging light energy in all directions on the energy-incident side to present the consistent opaque appearance. 
     
     
         4 . The method of  claim 2 , further comprising forming each of the plurality of substantially-transparent particles of a:
 a spherical core formed of a first transparent dielectric material, the spherical core having a value of a physical diameter equal to a half wavelength of a first selected color of light component to be reflected by the particle modified by a refractive index of the first transparent dielectric material;   a plurality of material layers disposed radially outwardly from the spherical core, each of the plurality of material layers being formed of at least a second transparent dielectric material, and having a value of a physical thickness equal to a quarter wavelength of at least a second selected color of light component to be reflected by the particle modified by a refractive index of the at least the second transparent dielectric material; and   an outer coating comprised of another transparent dielectric material having a selected index of refraction of 2 or less, the outer coating having a thickness that substantially eliminates reflective interference between the colors reflected by adjacent particles when in contact with one another.   
     
     
         5 . The method of  claim 4 , further comprising adjusting an index of refraction of the substantially transparent liquid matrix material to be a same index of refraction as the outer coating. 
     
     
         6 . The method of  claim 2 , the energy harvesting element comprising a photovoltaic element. 
     
     
         7 . The method of  claim 6 , the photovoltaic element being a photovoltaic film (PVF) material. 
     
     
         8 . The method of  claim 7 , further comprising applying the PVF material to one or more first discrete portions of the surface of the building structural component. 
     
     
         9 . The method of  claim 8 , further comprising applying a layer of adhesive to the one or more first discrete portions of the surface of the building structural component before applying the PVF material to the one or more first discrete portions, the layer of adhesive affixing the PVF material to the surface of the building structural component in the one or more first discrete portions. 
     
     
         10 . The method of  claim 8 , further comprising applying a surface treatment to at least second portions of the surface of the building structural component,
 the second portions of the surface of the building structural component being different portions than the first portions, and   the surface treatment rendering an optical reflectance of the second portions substantially equal to an optical reflectance of the PVF material in the first portions.   
     
     
         11 . The method of  claim 2 , the arranging the energy transmissive layer over the energy harvesting element on the surface of the building structural component comprising:
 delivering the material composition in a liquid form; and   applying one of heat or light energy to fix the material composition to form the energy transmissive layer.   
     
     
         12 . The method of  claim 11 , each of the substantially-transparent particles having a diameter in a range of 5 microns or less. 
     
     
         13 . The method of  claim 12 , each of the substantially-transparent particles having a diameter in a range of 1.0 to 3.0 microns. 
     
     
         14 . The method of  claim 13 , the delivering the material composition in a liquid form comprising:
 entraining the material composition in an air stream; and   spraying the entrained material composition on the surface of the building structural component.   
     
     
         15 . The method of  claim 14 , further comprising separately entraining the plurality of substantially-transparent particles and the substantially-transparent matrix material in the air stream to form the material composition sprayed on the surface of the building structural component. 
     
     
         16 . The method of  claim 1 , further comprising establishing an electrical connection from the energy harvesting element to at least one of an electrical energy power source, an electrical energy storage device and an electrically powered component device in the building for transmitting electrical energy generated by the electrical harvesting element. 
     
     
         17 . The method of  claim 16 , the electrical connection comprising at least one of an electrical energy converting circuit or an electrical energy conditioning circuit. 
     
     
         18 . The method of  claim 1 , further comprising arranging a substantially transparent protective coating over the energy transmissive layer. 
     
     
         19 . The method of  claim 1 , the energy transmissive layer being arranged to pass 80% or more of light energy impinging on the energy transmissive layer through the energy transmissive layer to activate the energy harvesting element. 
     
     
         20 . The method of  claim 1 , the energy harvesting element being arranged on a surface of the building structural component by being at least partially accommodated in a cavity in the surface of the building structural component.