Measuring system, measuring arrangement and method for determining measuring signals during a penetration movement of a penetration body into a surface of a test body

Abstract

The invention relates to a measuring System, a measuring arrangement and a method for detecting measuring signals during a penetration movement of a penetration body (41) into a surface of a test body (14), in particular for hardness measurement or for determining the Scratch resistance of the surface of the test body (14), or for detecting measuring signals during a scanning movement of the penetration body (41) on the surface of the test body (14), in particular for determining the surface roughness, comprising a housing (47) provided with a power generating device (44) which is operatively connected to a penetration body (41) for generating a displacement movement of the penetration body (41) along a displacement axis (48) of the penetration body (41) and which actuates a penetration movement of the penetration body (41) into the surface to be examined of the test body (14), or which positions the penetration body (41) on the surface of the test body (14) for scanning, and further comprising at least one first measuring device (78) for measuring the penetration depth in the surface of the test body (14) or a displacement movement of the penetration body (41) along its displacement axis (48) during a scanning movement on the surface of the test body (14), wherein the power generating device (44) actuates the displacement movement of the penetration body (41) by means of a magnetic force.

We claim: 
     
         1 - 39 . (canceled) 
     
     
         40 . A measuring device for detecting measuring signals during a penetration movement of an indenter into a surface of a specimen, for measuring the hardness, or for determining the scratch resistance of the surface of the specimen or for detecting measuring signals during a scanning movement of the indenter on the surface of the specimen, with a housing comprising a force-generation means which is operatively-connected with an indenter for generating a displacing movement of the indenter along a travel axis of the indenter, and which drives a penetrating movement of the indenter into the surface to be tested of the specimen or which positions the indenter on the surface of the specimen for scanning, and with at least one first measuring means for measuring the penetration depth into the surface of the specimen or for measuring a displacing movement of the indenter along its travel axis during a scanning movement of the indenter on the surface of the specimen, wherein the force generation means comprises a drive device and a magnetic transmission device and the magnetic transmission device comprises a first magnetic pole and a second magnetic pole, which are arranged at a distance to one another and which are oriented with the same poles to one other, wherein
 the first magnetic pole is connected with the drive device that drives a displacing movement of the first magnetic pole along a travel axis, which is located in the axis of the penetration movement of the indenter or parallel thereto, or which is located perpendicular to the axis of the penetration movement of the indenter,   the second measuring pole of the transmission device is provided on a transmission element which receives the indenter on the opposite end thereof, wherein the transmission element is displaceably guided inside the housing along a travel axis, which axis preferably is perpendicular to a base plate of the housing or is located in the axis of the penetrating movement of the indenter, and   a travel movement driven by the drive device is transmitted on to the indenter by means of a magnetic force of the magnetic transmission device.   
     
     
         41 . The measuring device according to  claim 40 , wherein by a displacing movement of the first magnetic pole in the direction towards the second magnetic pole, the displacing movement of the indenter in the direction towards the specimen for a penetration force into the specimen or a contact force on the specimen for scanning the surface of the specimen is adjustable. 
     
     
         42 . The measuring device according to  claim 40 , wherein the transmission element is displaceably accommodated in the housing by means of a guide arranged on a holding device, and the guide comprises at least two resilient elements spaced from one another, which displaceably guide the transmission element in the travel axis of the drive device and wherein the guide is releasably held in the holding device, or that the guide is integrally connected with the holding device, wherein the holding device and the leaf-spring elements integrally arranged thereon. 
     
     
         43 . The measuring device according to  claim 40 , wherein the housing comprises a base plate with a recess, and the displacing movement of the indenter is aligned with the longitudinal axis of the recess, and the indenter, which is provided at the lower end of the transmission element, is positionable, from an initial position inside the recess or inside an attachment ring arranged in the recess, with respect to an outer side of the base plate in a drive position protruding with respect to an outer side of the base plate and wherein the guide holds the transmission element with the indenter arranged thereon in an initial position, in which the indenter is arranged set-back inwardly with respect to a lower side of the housing that is oriented towards the specimen. 
     
     
         44 . The measuring device according to  claim 40 , wherein the first measuring means is provided on the baseplate of the housing adjacent to the indenter, which means comprises a measuring probe which is assigned to an internal end of the indenter. 
     
     
         45 . The measuring device according to  claim 40 , wherein the drive device is provided on a cover element of the housing, which comprises at least one drive element displaceable along the travel axis, which is located in the travel axis of the indenter or in parallel to the travel axis of the indenter, and the drive element receives the first magnetic pole at an end directed towards the transmission element. 
     
     
         46 . The measuring device according to  claim 45 , wherein the drive element is guided, as a drive spindle with a guide provided on the housing, in a manner secured against rotation, or that the drive element is configured as a telescopic spindle and that the drive element is connected with a rotary drive driven by a drive motor. 
     
     
         47 . The measuring device according to  claim 40 , wherein the travel axis of the drive element is oriented perpendicular to the travel axis of the indenter, and the drive element drives a simultaneous displacing movement of two or more permanent magnets forming the first magnetic pole, which are transferrable to a partially overlapping position or to a congruent position with respect to a corresponding number of permanent magnets forming the second magnetic pole, and the transmission element comprises a receiving device, which, at the same distance to the travel axis of the transmission element, receives at least two permanent magnets for forming the second magnetic pole. 
     
     
         48 . The measuring device according to  claim 47 , wherein the drive element is formed by a pair of toothed racks, which is actuatable with a rotary drive perpendicular to the travel axis of the indenter and which is displaceable along guide rails, and respectively one permanent magnet for forming the first magnetic pole is provided in a manner facing the opposite toothed rack. 
     
     
         49 . The measuring device according to  claim 45 , wherein a drive movement of the drive element is monitored by a third measuring means and a fourth measuring means, is provided between the drive element and the first magnetic pole arranged thereon. 
     
     
         50 . The measuring device according to  claim 40 , wherein a vibration damping device is assigned to the second magnetic pole arranged on the transmission element and wherein the vibration damping device is formed as an enclosure made of a ferromagnetic material, which surrounds the second magnetic pole and, in an initial position of the indenter, the second magnetic pole is at least partially plunged in the enclosure. 
     
     
         51 . The measuring device according to  claim 40 , wherein a compensating element is provided between the two leaf spring elements spaced in parallel from one another, which element is pivotably mounted on the holding device and the compensating element protrudes into the transmission element with an end thereof, on which a leaf spring element is provided that extends in the direction towards an end of the transmission element that receives the magnetic pole and is fixed thereto. 
     
     
         52 . The measuring device according to  claim 51 , wherein the compensating element is mounted on the holding device by means of a clamping means. 
     
     
         53 . The measuring arrangement for detecting a penetration depth in a surface of a specimen, for detecting the scratch resistance of a surface of a specimen, or for detecting a surface roughness of a surface of a specimen, comprising
 a measuring table for receiving the specimen,   a handling means for transferring a measuring device from an initial position into a measuring position,   a base body, on which at least the measuring table and the handling means is provided,   a control for driving and performing a measurement with the measuring device on the specimen, which drives at least a placing movement of an indenter of the measuring device on to the specimen with the handling device, wherein the penetration movement of the indenter into the surface of the specimen or the scanning movement of the indenter on the surface of the specimen is provided with the measuring device according to claim  1 .   
     
     
         54 . The measuring arrangement according to  claim 53 , wherein the optical detection means is arranged adjacent to the measuring device on the base body, wherein the measuring table is displaceable between the measuring device and the optical detection means, or the measuring device and the optical detection means are displaceable relative to the measuring table and wherein a displacing movement of the measuring table along an axis located in the plane of the surface of the specimen, is driven by the control. 
     
     
         55 . A method for detecting measuring signals during a penetration movement of an indenter into a surface of a specimen of a measuring device, or during a scanning movement of an indenter on a surface of a specimen, in which the specimen is positioned on a measuring table and the measuring device is placed on to the specimen, in an initial position, in which the penetrating movement or the scanning movement of the indenter is driven with the force generation means, which comprises a drive device and a magnetic transmission device, wherein the magnetic transmission device comprises a first magnetic pole and a second magnetic pole, which are arranged at a distance to one another and which are oriented with the same poles to one other, in which a feed movement of the driven device, using the magnetic force, is driven for the penetrating movement of the indenter into the specimen, or in which the feed movement of the driven device, using a magnetic force, is driven for the scanning movement of the indenter on the specimen. 
     
     
         56 . The method according to  claim 55 , wherein for measuring the hardness of the surface of the specimen, in a first method step, the measuring device is moved towards the specimen, that when placing the measuring device on to the specimen, the feed movement is immobilized, that a displacing movement of the indenter is driven until the indenter rests on the surface of the specimen, and this position is forwarded to the control as a zero position for the subsequent hardness measurement or wherein for scratch-resistance measurement of the surface of the specimen, in a first method step, prior to the measuring device being placed on to the surface of the specimen, the indenter is applied with a displacing movement, so that the indenter freely protrudes with respect to a lower side of the housing, that the measuring device is moved towards the specimen and is immobilized when the indenter is placed on to the specimen, and this position is forwarded to the control as a zero position for the subsequent scratch resistance measuring and that during the penetration movement of the indenter in the specimen, driven by the magnetic force for the scratch-resistance measurement, the measuring table is displaced in a direction perpendicular to the penetrating movement of the indenter and a scratch is introduced into the surface of the specimen, and via the measuring signals of the first measuring means for the penetration depth and the measuring signals of at least one further, second measuring means assigned to the indenter, a deflection of the indenter along the displacement direction of the specimen as well as the calculated force by the detected feed movement of the drive element with the third measuring means or the detected measuring signals of the fourth measuring means are detected and evaluated. 
     
     
         57 . The method according to  claim 55 , wherein the force generation means is applied with a testing force and that a penetrating movement of the indenter into the surface of the specimen is detected at least with a first measuring means. 
     
     
         58 . The method according to any one of  claim 55 , wherein the force from the feed movement that acts on the indenter, which is detected by third measuring means, is calculated, or detected by a fourth measuring means, and that the penetration depth of the indenter into the specimen is detected by the first measuring mean, and that the hardness of the surface of the specimen is determined from the calculated or detected penetration force by the third or fourth measuring device and the detected penetration depth through the first measuring means depending on the geometry of the indenter. 
     
     
         59 . The method according to  claim 56 , wherein prior to the introduction of the scratch in the specimen, the measuring device is placed on to the surface of the specimen and is displaced in a direction perpendicular to the place-on movement of the specimen, and the measuring signals detected by the first measuring means are detected and stored as pre-scratch profile data and/or wherein the after the introduction of the scratch into the specimen, the measuring device is placed in the scratch, and the intender with the measuring device is displaced in a direction perpendicular to the place-on movement of the specimen, and the signals detected by the measuring device are detected along the displacing movement of the indenter in the scratch, and are stored as post-scratch profile data.