Nickel-containing high-toughness controllably degradable magnesium alloy material, preparation method therefor and use thereof

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a nickel-containing high-toughness controllably degradable magnesium alloy material, a preparation method therefor and use thereof, and relates to the technical field of magnesium alloys. The magnesium alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.3 to 8.5% of Ni, 0.5 to 28% of RE, with the balance being Mg and unavoidable impurities. RE represents rare earth elements. By adding Ni and RE elements to introduce an Mg12RENi-type long-period phase, an Mg2Ni phase and an MgxREy phase, the magnesium alloy material provided by the present disclosure significantly improves mechanical properties of the alloy material, the tensile strength being up to 510 MPa. At the same time, the presence of the Mg12RENi-type long-period phase and Mg2Ni phase enables the alloy material to be controllably degradable, and enables the degradation rate to be adjustable between 360 and 2400 mm/a. Downhole fracturing tools manufactured by using the magnesium alloy alleviates the technical problem existing in current downhole tools and satisfy the requirements in the field of oil and gas exploitation.

1 . A nickel-containing, high-strength and high-toughness, controllably degradable magnesium alloy material, comprising following components in percentage by mass: 0.3˜8.5% of Ni, 0.5˜28% of RE, and a balance of Mg and unavoidable impurities, wherein RE is a rare earth element, and Mg, Ni and RE mainly form an Mg 12 RENi-type long-period stacking ordered phase, an Mg 2 Ni phase and an Mg x RE y  phase; a volume fraction of the Mg 12 RENi-type long-period stacking ordered phase is 3˜70%, a volume fraction of the Mg 2 Ni phase is 0.5˜10%, a volume fraction of the Mg x RE y  phase is 0.5˜22%, and a value range of x:y is 3:1˜12:1. 
     
     
         2 . The nickel-containing, high-strength and high-toughness, controllably degradable magnesium alloy material according to  claim 1 , comprising following components in percentage by mass: 0.5˜8.0% of Ni, 1.5˜20% of RE, and a balance of Mg and unavoidable impurities. 
     
     
         3 . The nickel-containing, high-strength and high-toughness, controllably degradable magnesium alloy material according to  claim 1  or  2 , wherein the RE is at least one selected from the group consisting of Gd, Y, Er, Dy, Ce and Sc;
 preferably, the nickel-containing, high-strength and high-toughness, controllably degradable magnesium alloy material comprises following components in percentage by mass: 0.3˜8.5% of Ni, 0.5˜28% of RE, 0.03˜10% of M, and a balance of Mg and unavoidable impurities, 
 wherein M is an element capable of alloying with magnesium. 
 
     
     
         4 . The nickel-containing, high-strength and high-toughness, controllably degradable magnesium alloy material according to  claim 3 , wherein a content of the unavoidable impurities, in percentage by mass, is not higher than 0.2% in the magnesium alloy material. 
     
     
         5 . The nickel-containing, high-strength and high-toughness, controllably degradable magnesium alloy material according to  claim 3 , wherein M is at least one selected from the group consisting of Fe, Cu and Mn. 
     
     
         6 . A method for preparing the nickel-containing, high-strength and high-toughness, controllably degradable magnesium alloy material according to  claim 1 , comprising a following step: uniformly mixing a nickel source, a magnesium source and a rare earth source, and carrying out alloying treatment to obtain the nickel-containing, high-strength and high-toughness, controllably degradable magnesium alloy material. 
     
     
         7 . The method according to  claim 6 , wherein the nickel source is selected from elemental nickel and nickel alloy;
 wherein,   the nickel alloy is at least one selected from the group consisting of magnesium-nickel alloy, nickel-yttrium alloy and zinc-nickel alloy;   the magnesium source is selected from elemental magnesium and magnesium alloy;   the magnesium alloy is at least one selected from the group consisting of magnesium-gadolinium alloy, magnesium-yttrium alloy, magnesium-zinc alloy, magnesium-nickel alloy, magnesium-calcium alloy and magnesium-iron alloy; and   the rare earth source comprises elemental rare earth and/or rare earth intermediate alloy;   wherein,   the elemental rare earth comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of gadolinium, yttrium, erbium, dysprosium, cerium and scandium; and   the rare earth intermediate alloy comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of magnesium-gadolinium alloy, magnesium-yttrium alloy, magnesium-erbium alloy, magnesium-cerium alloy, magnesium-scandium alloy, nickel-yttrium alloy, nickel-gadolinium alloy, nickel-erbium alloy, nickel-cerium alloy and nickel-scandium alloy.   
     
     
         8 . The method according to  claim 6 , wherein the alloying treatment comprises a smelting and casting method and a powder alloying method;
 wherein, the alloying treatment is carried out by the smelting and casting method,   wherein, the smelting and casting method comprises following steps:   (a) casting: uniformly mixing a nickel source, a magnesium source and a rare earth source, and carrying out smelting and casting to obtain a magnesium alloy ingot; and   (b) heat treatment: carrying out, in sequence, a homogenization treatment and an extrusion heat deformation treatment on the magnesium alloy ingot to obtain the nickel-containing, high-strength and high-toughness, controllably degradable magnesium alloy material; and   wherein, the step (b) also comprises an aging heat treatment step, wherein the aging heat treatment step is carried out after the extrusion heat deformation treatment.   
     
     
         9 . The method according to  claim 8 ,
 wherein in the step (a), when the smelting and casting is carried out, temperature is first increased to 690˜800° C. and maintained, raw materials are stirred to enable them to melt completely, then the temperature is reduced to 630˜680° C. and maintained for 20˜120 min, and after cooling, the magnesium alloy ingot is obtained,   wherein,   an inert gas is used during the smelting and casting for protection; and   a cooling method is at least one selected from the group consisting of brine bath, water quenching, furnace cooling and air cooling.   
     
     
         10 . The method according to  claim 9 , wherein the inert gas is at least one selected from the group consisting of helium, argon, carbon dioxide and sulfur hexafluoride. 
     
     
         11 . The method according to  claim 9 , wherein the inert gas is argon. 
     
     
         12 . The method according to  claim 9 , wherein the smelting is carried out using a resistance furnace or a line frequency induction furnace. 
     
     
         13 . The method according to  claim 6 ,
 wherein,   in the step (b), the homogenization treatment is carried out at a temperature of 400˜550° C. for 4˜40 h; and   in the step (b), the extrusion heat deformation treatment is carried out at an extrusion ratio of 8˜40; and preferably, the extrusion heat deformation treatment is carried out at a temperature of 360˜480° C.   
     
     
         14 . The method according to  claim 6 , wherein the aging heat treatment is carried out at a temperature of 150˜250° C. for 12˜120 h. 
     
     
         15 . The method according to  claim 6 , wherein the aging heat treatment is carried out at a temperature of 180˜220° C. for 15˜60 h. 
     
     
         16 . Use of the nickel-containing, high-strength and high-toughness, controllably degradable magnesium alloy material according to  claim 1  in a field of oil and gas exploitation. 
     
     
         17 . The nickel-containing, high-strength and high-toughness, controllably degradable magnesium alloy material according to  claim 2 , wherein the nickel-containing, high-strength and high-toughness, controllably degradable magnesium alloy material comprises an as-cast magnesium alloy, an as-extruded magnesium alloy and an aged magnesium alloy. 
     
     
         18 . The nickel-containing, high-strength and high-toughness, controllably degradable magnesium alloy material according to  claim 17 , wherein the as-cast magnesium alloy comprises an Mg 12 RENi-type long-period stacking ordered phase, an Mg 5 RE phase and an Mg 2 Ni phase, wherein a volume fraction of the Mg 12 RENi-type long-period stacking ordered phase is 3˜65%, a volume fraction of the Mg 2 Ni phase is 0.5˜6%, and a volume fraction of the Mg 5 RE phase is 0.5˜15%. 
     
     
         19 . The nickel-containing, high-strength and high-toughness, controllably degradable magnesium alloy material according to  claim 17 , wherein the as-extruded magnesium alloy comprises an Mg 12 RENi-type long-period stacking ordered phase, an Mg 2 Ni phase and an Mg 5 RE phase, wherein a volume fraction of the Mg 12 RENi-type long-period stacking ordered phase is 4˜70%, a volume fraction of the Mg 2 Ni phase is 1%˜8%, and a volume fraction of the Mg 5 RE phase is 1˜20%. 
     
     
         20 . The nickel-containing, high-strength and high-toughness, controllably degradable magnesium alloy material according to  claim 17 , wherein the aged magnesium alloy comprises an Mg 12 RENi-type long-period stacking ordered phase, an Mg 2 Ni phase and an Mg x RE y  phase, wherein a volume fraction of the Mg 12 RENi-type long-period stacking ordered phase is 4˜70%, a volume fraction of the Mg 2 Ni phase is 2˜10%, and a volume fraction of the Mg x RE y  phase is 2˜22%, wherein a value range of x:y is 3:1˜12:1.