Stable lithium fluoride-based cathodes for metal and metal-ion batteries

Abstract

A battery electrode composition is provided that comprises composite particles. Each composite particle may comprise, for example, active lithium fluoride/metal nanocomposite material optionally embedded into a nanoporous, electrically-conductive skeleton matrix material particle(s), where each of these composite particles is further encased in a Li-ion permeable, chemically and mechanically robust, protective outer shell that is impermeable to electrolyte solvent molecules. The active lithium fluoride/metal nanocomposite material is provided to store and release Li ions during battery operation.

1 . A Li or Li-ion battery electrode composition comprising composite particles, each composite particle comprising:
 a mixture of metal and lithium fluoride (LiF) materials provided to store and release Li ions during battery operation;   a skeleton matrix material into which the mixture is embedded to form an active material core; and   a Li-ion permeable shell at least partially encasing the active material core and protecting the metal and LiF materials from interaction with a battery electrolyte.