Apparatus and method for generating identification key

Abstract

Provided is an apparatus for generating an identification key by a probabilistic determination of a short occurring between nodes constituting a circuit, by violating a design rule provided during a semiconductor manufacturing process. The identification key generating apparatus may include an identification key generator to generate an identification key based on whether a contact or a via used to electrically connect conductive layers in a semiconductor chip shorts the conductive layers, and an identification key reader to read the identification key by reading whether the contact or the via shorts the conductive layers.

1 - 27 . (canceled) 
     
     
         28 . A semiconductor chip for generating an identification key, the chip comprising:
 an identification key generator circuit, including:   a plurality of two layers; and   a plurality of contacts or vias formed between the plurality of two layers, a hole size of at least one contact or via among the plurality of contacts or vias being greater than a hole size at which the contact or via never creates a short between the two layers, and less than a minimum hole size at which the contact or via always creates the short between the two layers,
 wherein the identification key generator circuit generates an identification key based on an electrical characteristic of a contact or via between two layers and wherein the identification key remains invariant over any period of time; and 
   an identification key reader circuit that reads the identification key by reading the electrical characteristic of the contact or via between the two layers constituting the identification key generator circuit.   
     
     
         29 . The chip of  claim 28 , wherein the electrical characteristic of the contact or via is determined by whether the short or open occurs between the two layers. 
     
     
         30 . The chip of  claim 29 , wherein the two layers constituting the identification key generator circuit correspond to conductive layers of a semiconductor, and the identification key generator circuit generates the identification key based on whether a contact or a via formed between the conductive layers of the semiconductor shorts the conductive layers. 
     
     
         31 . The chip of  claim 30 , wherein the identification key reader circuit reads the identification key by reading whether the contact or the via shorts the conductive layers. 
     
     
         32 . The chip of  claim 30 , wherein the hole size and the minimum hole size are based on a semiconductor manufacturing process. 
     
     
         33 . The chip of  claim 29 , wherein the identification key generator circuit has N unit configurations to generate a 1-bit digital value using single contact or via connecting two layers, and thereby generates an N-bit identification key using the N unit configurations, N being a natural number. 
     
     
         34 . The chip of  claim 33 , further comprising: an identification key processing unit to process the identification key by receiving an input of an N-bit digital value read by an identification key reader circuit, by grouping N-bit digital values based on k bits, by comparing a first group and a second group among a plurality of the grouped groups, and by determining a digital value to be 1 when a value including k digital bits included in the first group is greater than a value including k digital bits included in the second group, the digital value representing the first group and the second group, and k being a natural number. 
     
     
         35 . The chip of  claim 34 , wherein, when the value including the k digital bits included in the first group is equal to the value including the k digital bits included in the second group, the identification key processing unit determines the digital value representing the first group and the second group to be one of 1 and 0, or fails to determine the digital value representing the first group or the second group, selectively based on settings. 
     
     
         36 . A semiconductor chip for generating an identification key, the chip comprising:
 an identification key generator circuit, including layers of a semiconductor, the layers having a spacing
 smaller than a spacing at which a short between the layers never occurs, and 
 larger than a minimum spacing at which the short between the layers always occurs, 
 wherein the identification key generator circuit generates an identification key based on an electrical characteristic between the layers and wherein the identification key remains invariant over any period of time; and 
   an identification key reader circuit that reads the identification key by reading the electrical characteristic between the layers.   
     
     
         37 . The chip of  claim 36 , wherein the electrical characteristic between the layers is determined by whether the short or an open occurs between the layers. 
     
     
         38 . The chip of  claim 37 , wherein the identification key generator circuit has N pairs of layers having the same spacing, wherein each of the N pairs of the layers generates a 1-bit digital value based on whether a short occurs between the layers, and thus, generates an N-bit identification key, N being a natural number. 
     
     
         39 . The chip of  claim 38 , further comprising: an identification key processing unit to process the identification key by receiving an input of the N-bit digital value read by an identification key reader circuit, by grouping N-bit digital values based on k units, by comparing a first group and a second group among a plurality of the grouped groups, and by determining a digital value to be 1 when a value including k digital bits included in the first group is greater than a value including k digital bits included in the second group, the digital value representing the first group and the second group, and k being a natural number. 
     
     
         40 . The chip of  claim 39 , wherein, when the value including the k digital bits included in the first group is equal to the value including the k digital bits included in the second group, the identification key processing unit determines the digital value representing the first group and the second group to be one of 1 and 0, or fails to determine the digital value representing the first group or the second group, selectively based on settings. 
     
     
         41 . A method of generating an identification key, the method comprising:
 generating an identification key based on an electrical characteristic of a contact or via between two layers constituting a circuit, the circuit including a plurality of contacts or vias formed between a plurality of two layers and a hole size of a contact or via among the plurality of contacts or vias being
 greater than a hole size at which the contact or via does not create the short, and 
 smaller than a minimum hole size at which the contact or via creates the short, 
 wherein the identification key remains invariant over any period of time; and 
   reading the identification key by reading whether the electrical characteristic of the contact or via between the two layers constituting the circuit.   
     
     
         42 . The method of  claim 41 , wherein the electrical characteristic of the contact or via is determined by whether the short or open occurs between the two layers. 
     
     
         43 . The method of  claim 42 , wherein the two layers constituting the circuit correspond to conductive layers of a semiconductor, and the generating of the identification key generates the identification key based on whether the contact or via formed between the conductive layers of the semiconductor shorts the conductive layers. 
     
     
         44 . The method of  claim 43 , wherein the reading of the identification key comprises reading whether the contact or via shorts the conductive layers. 
     
     
         45 . The method of  claim 43 , wherein the first hole size and the second hole size are selected based on a semiconductor manufacturing process. 
     
     
         46 . The method of  claim 42 , wherein the generating of the identification key uses N unit configurations to generate a 1-bit digital value using a single contact or via to connect a single pair of conductive layers, and generates an N-bit identification key using the N unit configurations, N being a natural number. 
     
     
         47 . The method of  claim 46 , further comprising: processing an identification key to process the identification key by receiving an input of an N-bit digital value read in the reading of the identification key, by grouping N-bit digital values based on k units, by comparing a first group and a second group among a plurality of the grouped groups, and by determining a digital value to be 1 when a value including k digital bits included in the first group is greater than a value including k digital bits included in the second group, the digital value representing the first group and the second group, and k being a natural number.