Coolant purification

Abstract

A fuel cell system comprising a fuel cell stack is disclosed. An ozone generator is configured to introduce ozone into a coolant in the fuel cell system. A deionisation apparatus is coupled to the fuel cell stack. A bypass conduit is arranged in parallel with the deionisation apparatus. A controller is configured to control flow of the coolant to the fuel cell stack through either the deionisation apparatus or the bypass conduit based on the operating state of the ozone generator.

1 . A method of operating a fuel cell system, the method comprising:
 introducing ozone into a coolant in a fuel cell system;   controlling flow of the coolant to a fuel cell stack in the fuel cell system with a controller,   determining a level of ozone in the flow of the coolant; and   comparing the level of ozone in the flow with a predetermined threshold level of ozone;   wherein coolant is either directed through a deionisation apparatus or a bypass conduit based on an operating state of the ozone generator; and,   wherein the bypass conduit is arranged in parallel with the deionization apparatus and the deionization apparatus is coupled to the fuel cell stack.   
     
     
         2 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises controlling the coolant flow to the fuel cell stack by controlling the position of a valve to direct coolant either through the deionisation apparatus or through the bypass conduit. 
     
     
         3 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises:
 directing coolant containing ozone to a coolant reservoir;   wherein the coolant reservoir is coupled to the fuel cell stack via the deionization apparatus and the bypass conduit.   
     
     
         4 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises using the controller to periodically introduce ozone in the coolant with the ozone generator. 
     
     
         5 . The method of  claim 4 , wherein the method further comprises using the controller to cause the ozone generator to dynamically introduce ozone in the coolant based on at least one of:
 a level of bacteria in the coolant;   a coolant level;   a coolant temperature;   a coolant pressure;   a fuel cell stack operating parameter;   a stack voltage;   a level of fuel in the fuel cell system; and,   a level of oxidant in the fuel cell system.   
     
     
         6 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the coolant is water. 
     
     
         7 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises controlling the position of a non-return valve positioned between the deionisation apparatus and the fuel cell stack to prevent a flow of the coolant from the fuel cell stack from passing through the deionization apparatus. 
     
     
         8 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises controlling the position of a non-return valve positioned between the bypass conduit and the fuel cell stack to prevent a flow of the coolant from the fuel cell stack from passing through the bypass conduit. 
     
     
         9 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises illuminating the flow of the coolant with an ultra-violet light source before the coolant reaches the fuel cell stack. 
     
     
         10 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises delivering power generated by the fuel cell system to a vehicle. 
     
     
         11 . A method of operating a fuel cell system, the method comprising:
 introducing ozone with an ozone generator into a coolant in the fuel cell system;   controlling flow of the coolant to a fuel cell stack in the fuel cell system with a controller,   wherein the controlling of the flow of the coolant comprises directing the flow of the coolant through either a deionisation apparatus or a bypass conduit based on an operating state of the ozone generator,   wherein the flow of the coolant is directed through the bypass conduit during an ozone generation period and an ozone decomposition period.   
     
     
         12 . The method of  claim 11 , wherein the bypass conduit is arranged in parallel with the deionization apparatus and the deionization apparatus is coupled to the fuel cell stack; and,
 wherein the method further comprises controlling the coolant flow to the fuel cell stack by controlling the position of a valve to direct coolant either through the deionisation apparatus or through the bypass conduit.   
     
     
         13 . The method of  claim 11 , wherein the method further comprises:
 directing coolant containing ozone to a coolant reservoir;   wherein the coolant reservoir is coupled to the fuel cell stack via the deionization apparatus and the bypass conduit.   
     
     
         14 . The method of  claim 11 , wherein the method further comprises using the controller to periodically introduce ozone in the coolant with the ozone generator. 
     
     
         15 . The method of  claim 11 , wherein the method further comprises using the controller to cause the ozone generator to dynamically introduce ozone in the coolant based on one or more of:
 a level of bacteria in the coolant;   a coolant level;   a coolant temperature;   a coolant pressure;   a fuel cell stack operating parameter;   a stack voltage;   a level of fuel in the fuel cell system; and,   a level of oxidant in the fuel cell system.   
     
     
         16 . The method of  claim 11 , wherein the coolant is water. 
     
     
         17 . The method of  claim 11 , wherein the flow of the coolant is directed through the deionisation apparatus outside the ozone generation period and the ozone decomposition period. 
     
     
         18 . The method of  claim 11 , wherein the method further comprises:
 determining the ozone decomposition period based on the duration of the ozone generation period.   
     
     
         19 . The method of  claim 11 , wherein the method further comprises delivering power generated by the fuel cell system to a vehicle. 
     
     
         20 . A method of protecting deionization materials in a fuel cell system, the method comprising:
 introducing ozone into a coolant in the fuel cell system;   wherein controlling flow of the coolant to a fuel cell stack in the fuel cell system with a controller,   wherein the controlling of the flow of the coolant comprises directing the flow of the coolant away from a deionisation apparatus when the level of ozone in the coolant is below a predetermined threshold and directing the coolant to the deionization apparatus when the ozone is above a predetermined threshold.